economic development poverty and inequality in nigeria

... interventions in South Africa Trang 3Country % Population Living Below International Poverty Line (< $1 per day) The Gini coefficient • Measure of inequality • High coefficient indicates high inequality ... value of income received in cash or in kind Primary income • Primary income less direct taxation, plus value of government services Secondary income Trang 6• Fiscal incidence• Balanced budget incidence ... disincentive to work • Identify major trends in fiscal incidence in South Africa, particularly with regard to social spending • Understand the redistributive impact of some major social policy interventions

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 12:48

... criteria, including minimum standard of living in terms of income, poverty line in terms of income, and the average standard of living in terms of income (2) Degree of deficiency in access to ... status in Vietnam according to the multidimensional poverty line: 5 B The situation of inequality in Vietnam since 2010: 8 I Inequality in wealth distribution among income groups: 8 II Inequality ... situation of poverty and inequality in Vietnam since 2010 Trang 2Cover 1A Analyze the situation of poverty in Vietnam since 2010: 3 I Poverty status in Vietnam by income threshold: 3 II Poverty

Ngày tải lên: 05/12/2023, 05:29

... understanding of the relationship between economic growth and inequality of incomes in development Secondly, assess the situation of inequality in income distribution and economic growth in VKTTDTB ... income inequality and vice versa showed that there are indeed a relationship between growth and income inequality; of income growth have initial positive impact to inequality and gradually diminish ... cause of the problem of social inequality in general Income inequality is both the cause and a result of other forms of inequality Therefore, when analyzing the issues inequality, the scope of this

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2016, 23:25

... to have raised inequality leading to a shoot up in food prices, which negatively brings about poverty and inflation 2.6 Company Income Tax (CIT) and Income Inequality (GINI) In the report of ... studies to examine the impact of direct and indirect taxes on income inequality in Nigeria using more of tax composition to examine income inequality The study also enhances knowledge and appreciates ... the effect of taxation (indirect and direct) on income inequality in Nigeria Ilaboya and Ohonba (2013) studied direct versus indirect tax and income inequality in Nigeria They used multivariate

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 17:16

... 1Eliminating Poverty and Inequality for Persons with Disabilities in Banda Aceh Working Paper BY Irna Susrianti Puteri Handika Trang 2Abstract This research examines the root of poverty and inequality ... currently many DPO exist in Aceh and actively expressing their aspiration in development planning and it leads to the change in policy in Banda Aceh A minor change in paradigm and stigma of course ... affecting income inequality, such as the different skills and expertise, government’s fiscal, labour and industrial policies and regulation does play important role in addressing and diminishing

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2021, 04:36

... lines in agro-processing, including coffee and tea, handicrafts and mining, and develop-ment of new products including silk, pyrethrum, hides and skins and flowers The GoR will also provide incentives ... to have higher inequality (Figure 2.5) The pattern of inequality change varied by loca-tion, rising in rural areas and falling in urban In Southern Province, there was a surge in inequality: consumption ... EDPRS: Increase economic growth • by investing in infrastructure; promoting skills development and the Service Sector; mainstreaming Private Sector development and modernising agriculture by intro-ducing

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... Council’s Poverty, Gender, and Youth Program His current research interests include the links between poverty and demographic behavior in the cities of developing countries; measurement of poverty and ... well-being, as outlined in the next set of columns in table 1 For example, among slum-dwelling households with consumption levels that are twice the official poverty line in india, more than one in ... variations in household well-being? sources: David Satterthwaite, The Under-Estimation of Urban Poverty in Low and Middle-Income Nations (london: international institute for environment and Development,

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 14:20

... each type of worker, and measures of income and wage inequality in the city (including several percentiles of the income and wage distributions, and the city 90-10 income and wage ratio) We also ... working in the formal competitive, and equilibrium wages and quantities of labor in each sector are determined by the intersection of supply and demand We start by modeling an increase in enforcement ... average schooling, and share of the population living in urban areas in 1970, 1980 and 1991, city latitude, longitude, altitude and area, and two measures of institutional development in the city,

Ngày tải lên: 23/04/2016, 04:54

... statements asserting that global economic integration is leading to growing poverty and inequality in the world The reality of what is happening with poverty and inequality is far more complex, and to ... in 1980 to 64 in 2000, after rising from 64 in 1960 Xavier Sala-I-Martin (2002) likewise finds that any of the standard measures of inequality shows a decline in global inequality since 1980 Subjectively, ... good for poor people in China and India India had a serious crisis/recession in this period, and rural income growth in China was temporarily slowed in this period Trang 21Thinking about the different

Ngày tải lên: 26/08/2016, 09:23

... change in the cost of maintaining current consumption and the change in income from current production Summing this expression for ABt over all goods yields the change in income needed to maintain ... different food items, including two kinds of rice (ordinary and glutinous)4 Food Production and Consumption in Vietnam Table 1 shows the extent of farming and rice-farming in Vietnam About 86% ... prices would slightly increase the rate of poverty Ivanic and Martin (2008) examined household surveys conducted in 1998 and 2004, and found that increased commodity prices in Vietnam, particularly

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 15:00

... exist to microlending and financial inclusion for low-income residents This paper examines the role of formal and informal institutions in shaping the development of the microfinance industry, with ... moderating consumption ine-quality and rapid poverty reduction This contrasts with international migration, which is poverty reducing but inequality enhancing In over-all scheme of things, macrolinkages ... record, writing on topics that include national business and finance with particular reference to China, working capital financing, entrepreneurial finance and financial education inter-Nurhan

Ngày tải lên: 09/01/2020, 09:47

... eliminating development gaps and living standards among ethnic groups, implementing social equality, implementing social security, raising people's intellectual standards, eradicating hunger and ... 20 provinces in the country; - Regarding strengthening and developing the boarding school system for ethnic minorities in the 2011-2015 period in Decision no 1640/QD in 2011; - Regarding education, ... pupils attending; The planning, training and retraining to develop a contingent of educational managers and teachers, especially Vietnamese - Khmer bilingual teachers are interested The contingent

Ngày tải lên: 09/01/2020, 23:51

... 111 18 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TRADE AND INVESTMENT IN THE EASTERN AND years of total schooling are used instead) This is in line with the findings that returns from education in some analyzed ... players (including foreign investors) and privatize their telecom operators, greatly enhancing competition and increasing the number and quality of services and strengthening their regulatory institutions ... water and sanitation sectors remain in state hands The highest level of governmentownership is in media (43.2%), followed by utilities and energy (33.7%), steel, mining and heavy engineering (21.04%),...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... happened in the 1990s Table 1.2 Economic Growth, Poverty, and Household Welfare in Vietnam Table 1.2 Changes in Inequality in the 1990s Inequality index 1993 1998 Gini coefficient Theil index Decomposition ... progress, and there are some signs that inequality in health and education outcomes is increasing Adam Wagstaff and Nga Nguyet Nguyen examine infant and child mor­ tality in Vietnam in chapter ... question of whether overall income inequality has in creased in Vietnam, and what will happen in the future Gallup shows that inequality of wage income declined modestly in the 1990s for Vietnam...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 16:04

... economic development, poverty and inequality in Nigeria Figure Understanding gender empowerment, growth and poverty reduction Increased gender equality in households, markets, and society (equality in ... determinants of access, including education and health Gender in Nigeria Report 2012: Improving the Lives of Girls and Women in Nigeria 17 4 WHAT CONSTRAINS WOMEN FROM MAKING A LIVING IN NIGERIA? ... Current poverty reduction and economic growth Future poverty reduction and economic growth Gender in Nigeria Report 2012: Improving the Lives of Girls and Women in Nigeria 3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... considerable restructuring and shedding of labour in major industries such as mining As a result, with declining employment, growth in labour inputs alone could not have added to the growth in real output ... we find that in the agriculture, mining and services sectors capital has been of declining importance as a contributor towards output growth, while for manufacturing industry it has assumed increasing ... of the investment rate in physical capital In a seminal paper, Levine and Renelt (1992), for example, have established investment in physical capital as the single most robust variable in empirical...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:20

... Understanding the Link between Development Planning and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa The Concept Paper includes a typology of development planning and key development planning frameworks in sub-Saharan ... for the development project and development planning in sub-Saharan Africa With the declining and discredited role of the state in development, the concept of development planning fell into disuse ... economic development planning, sectoral planning (e.g health and education planning), multi-sectoral planning and integrated area planning (i.e rural/urban development planning) This working definition...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21

... controlling, managing and sustaining urban areas Otherwise, planning is usually defined by its adjectives, such as rural planning, health planning, physical planning, and so on can only be served in ... more and more pronounced The notion of development planning became increasingly disused and discredited in the process Against this background, this report consciously reintroduces and (re)defines ... of development planning and a summary of the development planning frameworks that currently seem most critical in guiding the development planning process in subSaharan Africa 3.2 When planning...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21

... (point 1.2) But the National Health Plan is unlikely to include core determinants like lack of work and income (point 1.3), income inequality (point 1.4), conflict (point 1.9) or migration (point ... ‘mainstreamed’ into development planning, as noted in Chapter With the inclusion of both Uganda and Ethiopia, other countries in Eastern Africa (i.e Eritrea and Rwanda, with Kenya already having ... the remaining five possibilities (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali and Togo) Mali’s HIV prevalence rate was 1.7%, compared to 3.6% in both Benin and Chad, 6.0% in Togo and 6.5% in Burkina Faso...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21

... (Roubaud and Berthelier, 1993:10) Finally, inequality indicators show that, despite the reported reduction in poverty between 1996 and 2001, income inequalities have in fact increased For example, in ... trends in relation to those Impacts / consequences • Increasing adult/infant mortality • AIDS orphans • Increase in levels & depth of poverty • Widening income inequalities • Enhanced gender inequality ... enhanced income inequality or inability to pay for services or taxes (undermining local revenue generation and threatening financial stability) did not surface in the interviews Apart from disregarding...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:21