Trong trường hợp này, dạng thức nghi vấn có cấu trúc: trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + động từ chính nằm ngay trong cấu trúc câu khẳng định Dưới đây là một vài ví dụ về câu đảo ngữ: · Not only
Trang 1Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
Tiết 9 + 10
Ngày soạn: 04/10/2020
Ngày dạy: 07/10/2020
Inversion (Câu đảo ngữ)
Đảo ngữ đề cập tới hiện tượng động từ không theo qui tắc trong câu Trong trường hợp này, dạng thức nghi vấn
(có cấu trúc: trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + động từ chính) nằm ngay trong cấu trúc câu khẳng định
Dưới đây là một vài ví dụ về câu đảo ngữ:
· Not only do I enjoy classical music, but I also enjoy Pop music
(Tôi không chỉ thích nhạc cổ điển mà tôi còn thích nhạc Pop)
· Seldom has the boss been so upset!
(Hiếm khi thủ trưởng thất vọng như vậy!)
1 Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định:
Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt của một sự kiện nào đó và thường được
mở đầu bằng một phủ định từ
Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi) Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng ngữ này
thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có chứa so sánh hơn
· Never have I been more insulted!
(Chưa bao giờ tôi bị lăng mạ hơn thế)
· Seldom has he seen anything stranger
(Hiếm khi anh ấy nhìn thấy một cái gì kì lạ hơn thế)
Nhóm từ: hardly (hầu như không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mới), or scarcely (chỉ mới,
vừa vặn) Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường được dùng để diễn đạt một chuỗi các sự kiện xảy ra trong
quá khứ
· Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang
(Hiếm khi chuông cửa reo mà tôi thức dậy)
· No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door
(Khi anh ấy vừa mới ăn tối xong thì chị ta bước vào cửa)
2 Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: only after, only when, only then…
Only thường đi cùng từ chỉ thời gian
Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V…
Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu + S + V….: chỉ bằng cách làm gì
· Only then did I understand the problem
(Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề)
· Only by studying hard can you pass this exam
Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai:
· Only when you grow up, can you understand it
· Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you
· Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before
3 Nhóm từ: So, Such
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ …
· So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep
(Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được)
· So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare
(Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị)
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
· Such was her grief that she almost fainted
4 Dạng câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ:
Câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ mang sắc thái trang trọng hơn Trong trường hợp này, đảo ngữ thay thế cho
mệnh đề chứa “if”
a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V
Should she come late she wil miss the train
should he lend me some money I will buy that house
Should he decide to come, please phone me immediately
(Nếu anh ta quyết định đến, hãy gọi điện ngay cho tôi)
Trang 2Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page 2
b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S + V o
If I were you I would work harder =Were I you
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her
Were I a bird, I would be a pigeon
c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+P II
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I wouldn’t have passed exam
= Had my parents not encouraged me
Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes
(Nếu anh ta hiểu ra được vấn đề, anh ta đã không phạm phải sai lầm đó)
5 Not only….but also… :không những…….mà còn…
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well
6 Một số cấu trúc khác
• In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
Under no circumstances should you lend him the money
• On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no accout must this switch be touched
• Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này
Only in this way could the problem be solved
• In no way: Không sao có thể
In no way could I agree with you
• By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea
• Negative , nor + auxiliary + S + V
He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow
• Khi một mệnh đề mở đầu bằng các thành ngữ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc trật tự thì động từ chính có thể đảo lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong trường hợp này Cách viết này rất hay được sử dụng trong báo chí và văn học
Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary)
In front of the museum is a statue
Through the village flows a river
First came the ambulance, then came the police
( Thoạt đầu là xe cứu thương chạy đến, tiếp sau là cảnh sát.)
lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong loại câu này Nó rất phổ biến trong văn mô tả khi muốn diễn đạt một chủ ngữ không xác định:
Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen
Directly in front of them stood a great castle
On the grass sat an enormous frog
Along the road came a strange procession
• Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh cũng có thể đảo lên đầu câu:
Not a single word did he say
Samples
1 Rarely she made mistake since she was a manager
2 _ the truth, she wouldn’t have given Mark the money
3 So beautiful _ that the Queen is envious with her
4 Never _ in such a strange situation
5 Seldom _ dinner together
6 Hardly _ his wife presents on her birthday
7 Scarcely _, the rain became much more heavier
8 Only then the letter from my son
Trang 3Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
9 No sooner than Mary came over
10 So frightening _ the film that I couldn’t sleep yesterday
EXERCISE 1 Choose the most suitable words underlined
1 Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else
2 Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan
3 Hardly had we settled down in our seats than/when the lights went out
4 Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer
5 At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual
6 Only Mary and Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination
7 So the waves were high/ So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous
8 Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program
9 No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out
10 If should you leave early/ should you leave early could you leave me a lift?
EXERCISE 2 Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER
1 She has never been so happy before.Never before has she been so happy
………
2 I have never heard such nonsense!Never have I heard such nonsense!
………
3 I have never seen such a mess in my life.Never in my life have I seen such a mess
………
4 Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been.Never have our profits been higher than/ as high as they are this year.
………
5 She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques.Never again would she trust her own judgment .
………
6 The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous ['sʌmpt∫uəs: o celebration Never before has the firm
………
7 I’ve never come across such a horrifying film
………
8 I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production
………
9 I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching.Never for one moment did I think
………
10 I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before Never before had I tasted
………
EXERCISE 3 Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE
1 One rarely finds good services these days => rarely does one find good
………
2 She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village =>rarely has she travelled more
………
3 Public borrowing has seldom been so high.=>seldom has public borrowing been so high
………
4 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.=>seldom had they participated in
………
5 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway (dễ dàng) success.=>little did they suspect
………
6 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.=> little did the embassy staff realize
………
7 She didn’t realize what would happen to her next.=>little did she realize what
………
EXERCISE 4 Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON
1 Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident. In no way can Keith be held
2 The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster. In no way are the children themselves to
In no way ………
3 The existence of extraterrestrial [ ekstrətə'restriəl: n o i tr i t is not confirmed by the report
Trang 4Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page 4
4 I was never shown how to operate the machinery. At no time was I shown
At no time ………
5 He never suspected that she was a witch. At no time did he suspect
At no time ………
6 There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change. At no time has the EL not been in a
At no time ………
7 Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances. Under no circumstances will
Under no circumstances ………
8 You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances. Under no circumstances should you send
Under no circumstances ………
9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances. Under no circumstances can we exchange
Under no circumstances ………
10 I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account! On no account will I go all that way
On no account ………
EXERCISE 5 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT
1 He is my friend as well as yours. Not only is he my friend, but he’s yours, too.
2 He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well. did he but he also booked
as well
3 Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess , they also left the
4 Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind , but he had left
5 You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course but you will (also) improve
6 It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment. Not for one moment is it worth considering
7 She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy. Not a tear did she shed when
8 The manager not once offered us an apology. Not once did the manager offer
9 She made no sound as she crept upstairs. Not a sound did she make as
10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. Not until he retired did he think
EXERCISE 6 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY
1 I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home Only when I got home did I
2 It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat. Only last week did the admit defeat.
3 I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it.
Only after ………
4 They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating. Only after they had finished eating did they get
Only after ………
5 They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. Only after they waited for twelve hours did their flight leave
Only after ………
6 I didn’t realize who he was until later. Only after did I realize who she was.
Only after ………
7 The door could not be opened without using force. Only by (using) force could the door be opened.
8 I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized Only when Tom’s apologized will I agree.
9 To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time. Only when can/will you get
10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. Only by can/will/could you become
a
Trang 5Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
EXERCISE 7 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD
1 If you wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00
………
2 If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.Should you have
………
3 If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.Should you decide to accept
………
4 If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.Should we hear any further
………
5 If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form. Should you wish to take advantage
………
………
6 If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.Should you change your mind, there will
………
EXERCISE 8 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1 If the chemicals leaked, a large area of the sea would be contaminated.Were the chemical to leak,
………
2 If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.Were Germany to beat
………
3 If Mr Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior.Were Mr Morgan still headmaster, he would
………
4 If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark.Had you given it in on time,
………
5 If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earned a large salary.Had she become a lawyer,
………
6 If anything had gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility.Had anything gone wrong,
………
7 If it hadn’t been for Henry, I might not have met you.Had it not been for Henry,
………
8 If they had confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them
………
9 The coast guards could have saved the vessels if they had been notified.Had the coast guards been notified they
………
10 If his solicitor [sə'lisitə: lu t s hadn’t advised him, he would have made a serious mistake
………
EXERCISE 9 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it
1 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me.Not only did he spend all his money but he also borrowed
Not only _
2 He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.No sooner had I left the office than
No sooner _
3 I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.Hardly had I put the phone down when
Hardly _
4 He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.Not until the bell rang did he finish
Not until
5 We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.Only after several months did we begin
Only _
6 I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.Never in my life have I seen anyone
Never
7 A sleeping dog was lying under the table.Under the table was lying a
Under the table _
8 His brother had rarely been more excited.Rarely had his brother been more excited.
Rarely _
9 The facts were not all made public until later.Only later were all the facts made
Only
10 If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.Had I realized what would happen,
Trang 6Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page 6
Had _
11 The response to our appeal was so great that we have to take on more staff.Such was the response to our appeal that
Such
12 Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured
Not only
13 The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.Little did the police suspect that the judgment was
Little _
14 If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?Should you see Helen, could you
Should
15 The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.In no way can the bus be blamed for
In _
16 The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.So heavy was the snowfall that
So _
17 If the government raised interest rates, they would lose the election.Were the government to
Were
18 As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.No sooner had I got into the bath than someone
No sooner _
19 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.Such was the uncertainty that
Such
20 It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.Seldom is there so much rain in March
Seldom
21 You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.Only when your identity has been checked will you be
Only
22 Just after the play started there was a power failure.Hardly had the play started when
Hardly
23 The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.Rarely has the Prime Minister made so inept a speech
Rarely _
24 We had only just arrived home when the police called.Scarcely had we arrived home when
Scarcely _
25 Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.On no account are press photographers allowed to take
On no _
26 The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.Never before has so much money been
Never before _
27 The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began.Barely had the trial proceedings begun
Barely
EXERCISE 10 Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stay the same
a Were Smith to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job IFIf Smith resigned ,
………
b Such was the demand for the tickets that people queued day GREAT The demand for tickets was so great that
and night
………
c The money is not to be paid under no circumstances NOUnder no circumstances is the money
………
d Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis NOT UNTILNot until three days had passed did we
………
e Hardly had the ship left port when a violent storm developed SOON AFTER Soon after the ship left port , a violent storm developed.
………
f They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass IFIf they had carried a compass
………
g Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for IDEABrenda had no idea what she was
………
h It was only when I stopped that I realized something was wrong DID IOnly when I stopped did I realize
………
i The accused never expressed regret for what he had done AT NO TIMEAt no time did the accused
………
Trang 7Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
j So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race TOO.The runners were too exhausted to
………
EXERCISE 11 Rewrite these sentences with the adverbial phrase of direction or place at the front of clause 1 The two men were talking in front of the station.In front of the station, the two men were talking.
………
2 A line of police officers was behind the protesters.Behind the protesters was a
………
3 A small stream ran at the end of the street There was an overgrown garden across the stream.
At the end of the street ran a small stream Across the stream was an overgrown garden.
………
4 A while pillar was in front of them and a small, marble statue stood on top of it
In front of them was a white pillar, and on top of it stood a small, marble statue.
………
EXERCISE 12 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it
1 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted
2 You can leave only when I tell you
Until I tell you, you must not leave (you must stay)
3 He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk
No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter
4 If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately
Only by operating immediately can we save your eyesight
5 I only realised what I had missed when they told me about it later
Only when they told me about it later did I realise what I had missed.
6 You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones
Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones
7 The outcome of the election was never in doubt
At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt
8 Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe
No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released
9 I only recognized him when he came into light
Not until he came into light did I recognize him
10 The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer
Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike
Bài tập trích từ để thi thử ĐH
1 Messi and Neymar were badly injured in the last match, so _ can play in this match
2 satisfy with the product, you can contact with the head office, please
A Provided that not youB Shouldn’t you
C Provided that you notD Should you not
3. an emergency arise, call 911
4 Directly in front of them _
5 What you have been saying is beside the point
A You was dishonest to have been saying that
B What you have been saying is quite irrelevant
C You have talked too much
D What you have been saying is beyond my expectation
6 down to dinner when the telephone rang again
7 , he doesn’t study well
8 Paul realized that he was on the wrong fight
9 Sam speaks Chinese well His Japanese is good, too
A Not only Chinese but also Japanese Sam is good at
Trang 8Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page 8
B Not only does Sam speak Chinese but also Japanese well
C Sam is good at either Chinese or Japanese
D Sam not only speaks Chinese well but also good at Japanese
10 Only later how much damage had been caused
11 migrate long distance is well documented
12 Immediately after her appearance, every thing changed
A As soon as everything changed, she appeared
B On appearing, everything changed
C Soon after she appeared did everything change
D No sooner had she appeared did everything change
13.I would be very rich now working long ago
14.They didn’t discover that the picture had been stolen until they came back home
A Until they came back home that they discovered that the picture had been stolen
B It is not until they came back home, they discovered that the picture had been stolen
C Not until they came back home had the picture been stolen
D Only after they came back home did they discover that the picture had been stolen
15. _, he would have been able to pass the exam
16.Hardly he had entered the office when he realized that he hadforgotten his wallet
A B C D
17 _ his assistance in those days, I would not be so successful now
18. my parents gave me the fish tank
19.Neither of the boys came to school today, _?
20 I am wrong, _?
21. for breakfast is bread and eggs
22 for the fact that he was working abroad, he would willingly have helped with the
project
24. _to the South in the winter is a popular fact
25 So little _ about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me
26 Immediately after his arrival, things went wrong
-> No sooner
27 He never suspected that she was a witch
A Never has he suspect she was a witch
B He used to think she was not a witch,
C At no time did he suspect that she was a witch
D What he thought was she was not a witch
28 The demand was so great that they had to print the book immediately
A So great the demand was that they had to reprint the book immediately
B So great was the demand so they had to reprint the book immediately
C So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately
29.We didn’t recognize him until he came into light
->Not until
30 Let’s begin our discussion now, ?
31 _, we tried our best to complete it
32 So extensive the lakes are that they are viewed as the largest bodies of fresh water in the world
A B C D
33 he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came
34 _, the young mother appeared visibly very happy after the birth of her child
Trang 9Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp
35 It was Mr Harding _ the bill to yesterday
36 _ down to dinner than the telephone rang
37 _you, I’d think twice about that decision I could be a bad move
38 Not only _ to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again
39 ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat
40 Not until (A) I was on my way(B) to the airport that I realized (C) I had left my passport at home(D)
41 Never before _ such a wonderful child