Ngữ pháp trong đề thi Trung học phổ thông Quốc Gia. Nắm chắc được cách dùng và các dấu hiệu nhận biết của 2 thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Phân biệt thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Kiến thức cơ bản trong đề thi tiếng Anh THPTQG mà học sinh cần phải biết
Trang 1Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
a) Cách thành lập:
S + Have (Has) + Past Participle
b) Dùng để diễn tả:
+ Một hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ, không rõ thời gian
Ví dụ:
I have seen that film (Tôi đã xem phim đó rồi.) Where have you been? (Anh đã ở đâu?)
+ Một hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại và có thể kéo dài đến tương lai
Ví dụ:
I have lived in Hue since 1976 (Now I still live in Hue)
(Tôi đã sống ở Huế từ 1976.) (Bây giờ tôi vẫn còn sống ở Huế.)
+ Một hành động thường lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần
Ví dụ:
She has seen that film several times (Cô ấy đã xem phim đó vài lần rồi.) Floods have taken place in this area (Lũ lụt đã xảy ra nhiều lần ở vùng này.)
+ Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra, thường có JUST, RECENTLY, hoặc LATELY đi kèm
Ví dụ:
I have just finished this exercise (Tôi vùa mới làm xong bài tập.)
+ Một hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ nhưng ảnh hưởng hoặc kết quả của nó còn liên quan đến hiện tại
Ví dụ: I've twisted my ankle That's why I'm limping
(Tôi bị trật mắt cá chân Đó là lý do tại sao tôi đi khập khiển.)
I'm very tired I've been working all day
(Tôi rất mệt Tôi đã làm việc suốt ngày.) + Ta dùng hiện tại hoàn thành với already để nhấn mạnh hành động đã hoàn thành sớm hơn thời gian dự định, already thường đứng ngay sau trợ động từ have, hoặc có thể đứng cuối câu để nhấn
mạnh
Ví dụ:
"Could you do the washing up?" - " I've already done it."
(Bạn rửa chén bát nhé? — Tôi đã làm việc đó rồi.)
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Trang 2She's left already (Cô ấy đã đi rồi.)
+ Ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành với yet để diễn đạt người nói đang mong chờ điều gì đó xảy ra Yet thường đứng cuối câu và được dùng trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định
Ví dụ:
It's nearly 10 o'clock Has Andrew woken up yet?
(Gần 10 giờ rối Andrew đã tỉnh giấc chưa?)
They haven't finished dinner yet
(Họ ăn tối chưa xong.)
+ Ta dùng hiện tại hoàn thành với today, this morning, this afternoon khi khoảng thời gian đó
chưa qua hết vào thời điểm nói
Ví dụ:
I've written six letters this morning.(It is still 'this morning'.)
(Tôi đã viết xong 6 bức thư sáng nay.) (Sáng nay chưa qua hết, vẫn còn là buổi sáng.)
Chú ý: have not = haven't
has not = hasn't
since = từ (một điểm / mốc thời gian trong quá khứ)
for = trong (khoảng thời gian)
Các từ hoặc cụm từ như since (từ một điểm thời gian trong quá khứ), for (trong khoảng), so far (từ trước đến nay), untill now (cho đến bây giờ), up to now (cho tới bây giờ), up to the present
(đến nay) thường được dùng với thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Ví dụ:
They have lived here since 2005
He has written about 20 short stories until now
(Cho đến bây giờ, anh ấy đã viết được khoảng 20 truyện ngắn.)
Present perfect continuous (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
a) Cách thành lập:
S + have/ has + been + verb-ing
b) Cách dùng:
* Để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và vẫn còn tiếp tục ở tương lai
Ví dụ:
She has been waiting to see you since 2 o'clock
Nam has been studying English for two years
(Nam's still studying English He started studying it two years ago.)
Trang 3Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn thường được dùng với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian như: all day /all week /all year / for hours / for months/ for years Thì này thường không dùng với ever và never
■ Sự khác nhau cơ bản giữa hai thì:
Present perfect nhấn mạnh kết quả của hành động (the result of the action / event)
Present perfect continuous nhấn mạnh vào sự hoàn thành hoặc chưa hoàn thành của hành động
(the action/ event which may or may not be finished)
Ví dụ:
I have learned a lot about it from different websites.(the action is completed.)
(Tôi đã học được nhiều điều từ nhiều trang web.) (hành động đã hoàn thành.)
I have read this book, (the action is completed.)
(Tôi đã đọc quyển sách này.) (hành động đã hoàn thành.)
I have been reading this book (the action is not completed.)
(Tôi đã đọc quyển sách này.) (hành động chưa hoàn thành.)
Present perfect continuous còn diễn tả một hành động không bị gián đoạn Nếu ta muốn đề cập đến số lần lặp lại hành động, ta dùng Present perfect
Ví dụ:
I have been writing emails all afternoon
(Tôi đã viết thư điện tử suốt cả buổi chiều.)
I have written ten emails this afternoon
(Chiều nay tôi đã viết được 10 bức thư điện tử.)
PRACTICE TEST 1
A LANGUAGE
I PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
1 A academic B analytical C awareness D apprentice
2 A tertiary B doctoral C institute D tutorial
3 A scholarship B mechanic C school D chocolate
Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others
1 A diploma B compulsory C vocational D institute
2 A curriculum B bachelor C graduate D internship
3 A mandatory B apprentice C respective D vocational
Trang 44 A schedule B access C require D broaden
II VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence
1 In response to the need to improve access to education, universities are increasingly implementing online delivery solutions
A tertiary B secondary C primary D distance
2 education is connected with the skills, knowledge, etc that you need to have in order to do a particular job
A distance B vocational C compulsory D full time
3 What are the university entry for international students in the UK?
A needs B qualifications C requirements D conditions
4 There are also courses, which allow young people to pursue further education while working
A part-time B full-time C intensive D overtime
5 A/An student goes to a foreign country to study for a period as part of a programme between two institutes
A undergraduate B exchange C postgraduate D campus- based
6 This is Javi's last week at the school so goodbye to all his new friends for the last three days
saying
7 So far, during her time at International House Bristol, Tchior to six pancake parties and fifteen barbecues
coming
8 You look really great! at the fitness centre lately?
A Have you been exercising B Have you exercised
9 I the same car for more than ten years I am thinking about buying a new one
A have been having B have had C had D had had
10 Ann: Do you think you'll get the job?- Mary:
A I know so B Well, I hope so C I think not D Yes, that's right
Trang 5III WORD FORM
Use the word given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space
in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0)
Abroad with us!
The company Study Abroad was (0) originally
founded in 1991 for students who wished to study French in
France Its success led to the (1) of other schools
around the world Learning a language in the country in which it
is spoken is, of course, a far more (2) and faster
process than studying in your own country It is also an
opportunity to mix with local (3) and acquire a
greater and deeper (4) of the people whose language
you are studying This makes the whole experience much more
(5) " You may wish to attend an Italian language
and (6) course in Italy or combine a Portuguese
course with a sport You should look at all the (7) and
make the best
choice In order to choose the right course and (8) for
you, we suggest you contact us to discuss your particular (9)
From the information you give us, we can make some
(10)
ORIGIN
ESTABLISH
EFFECT INHABIT KNOW ENJOY COOK
POSSIBLE LOCATE REQUIRE RECOMMEND
IV ERROR CORRECTION
Identify the underlined part of each sentence that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct
1 Two of the players from the Yankees has been chosen to participate in the All Star game
A of the players B has C chosen D to participate
2 Even a professional psychologist may have difficulty talking calm and logically about his own problems
3 For the past few years, researchers have perfecting their control over the movements of cells and microbes by using low- power laser beams
A few years B have perfecting C their D using
4 Allowing children to help plan and prepare family meals provides enjoyable learning experiences that later encouraging them to eat the foods they have prepared
Trang 6A Allowing B learning C encouraging D have prepared
5 According to many economists, international specialization in the production of some goods, such as cars and computers, increases world efficiency and output, makes all nations richer
B READING
Exercise 1: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space
Oxford University
Oxford University is an association of over 35 colleges, varying in (1) _of foundation from medieval to more recent times The colleges also (2) _in wealth, in character and in architecture
Some (3) _imposing buildings and grounds, (4) _are almost intimate in their scale Most colleges can boast well-known (5) _students - Oxford is the place where (6) _as diverse as Margaret Thatcher, Mrs Gandhi, Michael Palin and Evelyn Waugh were educated
Most (7) _will want to see a college and one or more of the University buildings, such as the Bodleian Library or the Ashmolean Museum
The University has supported the (8) _of The Oxford Story Exhibition, in Broad Street - now recognised as the best short (9) _to Oxford University Here, during an entertaining ride through recreated (10) _and events, Magnus Magnusson offers an informed (11) _of Oxford's past and present Special materials for children and foreign (12) _commentaries are also available
6 A Characters B cartoons C caricatures D participants
7 A Commuters B spectators C visitors D guides
8 A Discovery B creation C expectation D education
9 A History B beginning C introduction D past
Trang 7Exercise 2: You are going to read an article for American teenagers going overseas to study Seven sentences have been removed from the article Choose from the sentences A—
H the one which fits each gap (1-7) There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use
Studying Abroad
Have you always dreamed of traveling, meeting lots of different people, and maybe picking
up a language or two? No matter what country you live in, you can fly over the world's highest waterfalls in Venezuela, learn world trade in Japan, study in France, or take dancing lessons in Ghana
How? (1) Semester, summer, and year-long programs allow you to attend school, take intensive language courses, or perform community service in another country Read
on to learn more about study abroad programs
Besides the excitement of travel, you will experience new customs, holidays, foods, art, music, and politics firsthand.(2) This is because your viewpoint will be of an active member of the community, not as a tourist
Another reason for studying abroad is that you'll become more self-assured, Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10 million people and a huge change from her hometown
of 35,000! Christina says she learned how to be better at standing up for herself and her beliefs and to express herself in another language (3) In addition, living away from home can also help you adjust in the transition to college and adulthood Matthew says when he returned from studying in Australia he was more mature and had a genuine interest in international affairs that really set him apart from his peers “After having gone abroad in high school, I found the transition to college to be straightforward — moving 560 miles from home didn't seem particularly _ daunting after having lived thousands of miles away."
Although many academic programs abroad have academic requirements, you do not necessarily have to have the highest grades or marks to be eligible (4) Who you are
is as important as your academic record Study programs abroad look for students who are independent, self-assured, enjoy new experiences and different types of people, and can handle challenges
If you really hate change and don't like the idea of figuring things out all on your own, then studying abroad may not be for you It's important to be honest with yourself and really think about what you expect (5) Of course, if you want to change those things about yourself and don't mind tackling them head on, then studying abroad maybe an ideal way to take the plunge
Are you convinced that a year abroad is for you, but you're worried that your parents will never go for it? (6) Point out that studying abroad is a chance of a lifetime and that it offers great academic opportunities
Trang 8You might also sell them on the idea that students in study programs abroad gain experiences by being in a new culture, broaden their horizons, and increase their maturity and self-confidence levels
(7) These language skills, cross-cultural experiences, and global outlooks are becoming essential
A Use some of the points of view that sold you on the idea to explain why you want to study overseas
B But perhaps more importantly, the different circumstances mean you will learn a lot not only about cultures and people but also about yourself
C You could join a study program abroad, where high school and college students live with a host family in a foreign country
D What could give you more self-confidence than that?
E You will have forgotten any doubts you once had about your decision
F And most do not have language requirements
G You could end up having a miserable time if you don't!
H By studying abroad you will have an educational advantage when entering college or starting a career
C WRITING
Complete the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1 Gill hasn't contacted me for weeks
I last
2 Our hotel booking hasn't been confirmed
We haven't received
3 This is the best essay I have ever written
Never
4 House prices have risen dramatically this year
There has
5 She's never had a job in management before now
It is the first
PRACTICE TEST 2
A LANGUAGE
I PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
Trang 91 A examination B exercise C boxing D excuse
2 A scholarship B chemistry C machines D technician
3 A vocational B academic C considerate D fortunate
4 A discipline B application C curriculum D achievement Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others
1 A certificate B academic C diploma D enrolment
2 A bachelor B doctorate C consultant D scholarship
3 A potential B mandatory C eligible D critical
4 A respectively B analytical C university D baccalaureate
II VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence
1 Fees must be paid in full at the time of
A enrolment B scholarship C tutoring D internship
2 courses help students develop analytical skills, critical thinking and knowledge for higher education at a university or college
3 It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus
A optional B compulsory C available D analytical
4 An is a student who is studying for their first degree at a university or college
A undergraduate B postgraduate C graduate D researcher
5 The University is also open to overseas students, primarily from American universities, who may in study abroad programs during the summer months for more than a century
6 I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony
A graduate B graduated C graduation D graduating
7 He has been selling motorbikes
A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years
8 "Liz is away on holiday." - " Is she? Where ?"
A has she gone B has she been going C did she go D is she going
9 How much of that book ?
10 "Sorry I'm late " - "That's all right I long."
Trang 10A haven't waited B haven't been waiting
III WORD FORM
Use the word given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space
in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0)
A university education is expensive You can borrow money
from a bank, but if you do so, you will have to pay it back when
you start working In some countries you are not (0) obliged to
start making repayments until your salary is above a certain
level, but you can't put it off forever! This means that a (1)
large proportion of your (2) will have to
go towards paying back your loan in the years after you
graduate (3) , you can try to work and study at the
same time; you will get the education you want, and earn the
money to pay for it Does this sound ideal? Before you embark
on such a course, there are some things you should bear in mind
By combining work and studies, you will have an advantage
over full-time students Yes, their timetable will be less full than
yours, but you will have one thing they don't experience If you
are studying a subject (4) to your work, your
real-life experiences in the workplace will help you understand the
subject (5) But even if your work is (6)
to your studies, you will still learn a lot about
balancing tasks, (7) with others, and so on
Of course, working and studying at the same time can be (8)
, and time management is very important Make a
plan for each day and each week - and stick to it! Set yourself
goals, like completing your (9) by tonight,
or finishing a task at work by lunchtime, and then give yourself a
small reward for achieving it Buy yourself a chocolate bar, go
cycling, or take an evening off to be with friends - whatever
makes you happy
And speaking of friends, make sure you keep in touch with
them through email, text messages, social networking sites, and
by meeting up face-to-face The opportunity to share ideas and
experiences, get and give advice, and have fun together will keep
OBLIGE
FAIR EARN ALTER
RELATE
WELL RELATE CO-OPERATE
STRESS
ASSIGN
MOTIVATE