Tài liệu Training - ADC KRONE - Installation Tips doc

n The time taken completing a site survey of cable routes will expedite the installation.. n Be aware of all electrical cable runs and inductive lighting.. label each cable before instal

Installation Tips

Do’s and don'ts for installation

This advice applies equally to copper and

fibre-optic cable

4 General Public Safety Rules

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n KRONE is obliged by European Law to make course attendees

aware of Health and Safety rules and correct working practices

n Protective shoes must be worn at all times

n Protective gloves should be worn when pulling in cables

n Goggles must be worn when removing ceiling tiles or when drilling and chopping into walls

n Itis advisable to wear protective overalls to stop loose clothing

getting caught

— Right ladder for right job

— Bad weather use

— Slippery surfaces

n Before using ladders and stepladders, make sure the correct Safety Procedures are followed for:

— Stop and inform your supervisor

— Always ask your Supervisor if you have to work in the proximity of unknown substances

n Always observe your national Health and Safety at Work

regulations

4 Possible Routes

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n A careful survey of cabling and wiring routes should be made to

select the best alternatives

n The time taken completing a site survey of cable routes will

expedite the installation

n Look for possible routes:

— Suspended floors

— Suspended ceilings

— Building risers

n Concealed cable systems should be used wherever possible

n Be aware of all electrical cable runs and inductive lighting

n Be aware of anything that could cause interference to the cable

— 2meters at frame (for terminating)

n For short runs pace out length

n For suspended ceilings, remember to include length to ceiling and drop to floor

n Do not exceed the cable lengths specified in the Standards

n Consideration should be given to the use of fire retardant cable with low smoke emission properties such as LSZHFR (Low Smoke Zero Halogen Flame Retardant)

Cables should follow well defined routes

Tray work can be used when available, but must be segregated

from other cables

Where tray work is not available fixing to the top ceiling must be

made every 300mm max

Route round walls or under the floor using trunking, if this is not

possible, use cable tray in the ceiling space

n When cables are concealed, they must be labelled at all points

where they enter and emerge

n Fire walls and barriers must be reinstated to the original standard of

yg Site Plans and Building Plans -

n Site plans will be available for a new construction; consult with

customer and construction company for running cables

n Occupied building: Ask customer for a plan with socket

requirements marked on it

n Aroom or closet should be chosen for the central distribution

n There should be adequate room to work freely around the frame

n Universal Stripping Tool for

removing insulation without

damaging the conduciors

n Side (Diagonal) Cutters (10 to

12mm) for cutting the cable off the

reel and to trim the cable ends

_y Box Labelling

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n Label the ends of cable and the corresponding box This will help for

identification purposes at the central distribution frame and socket

4 Precautions for Sub-floor and Ducting Access

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n Floor access traps should not be left open and unguarded

n When working in a floor access use proper guard rails round tile

gy Suspended Computer Floor

gy Suspended Computer Floor

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n When running under raised tile floor, lift as many panels as possible to get from Ato B

n Cables must be labelled at all points where they enter and submerge

n Cables must follow well defined routes via floor access

gj Suspended Computer Floor

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n Communication cables should be separated from electrical cable by either

an electrical screen or a minimum distance of 50 mm to reduce

use the correct categorised 4-Pair Cable

label each cable before installation, mark it at both ends - more

than once - using a waterproof marker

make the longest run first, so that you can take advantage of the pull string on the shorter runs

fun cables straight and free of kinks with gentle bends for any

change of direction

run cables point to point in one continuous length without any

joints in the run

4 Do

n make a schematic diagram showing where the cable runs are

and numbers of the rooms they go to

— later, when you wire the patch panel, this plan will tell you what order to position the cables

n protect cables where they pass through or over sharp edges,

holes etc

cut unlabelled cable; label cable before routing it or you'll lose

track of which cables go to which rooms

label cable "Ms Scholl’s room." Instead, use a label that will be

understandable to someone years later, such as "Room 103"

plan runs longer than 90 metres

tun UTP/FTP/STP cabling outside!

fill trunking to more than 40% capacity

n bend cables to less than 8x the diameter of the cable during

installation and 4x when installed

n Stretch cables (max pulling force should not exceed 110

tie cable ties too tight - they should be able to slide a little

Install or lay cable too close to fluorescent lights or power lines This may result in interference and reduce network quality and/or

speed

fun cables near or parallel to power cables

fun cables near devices which can introduce noise (i.e heaters, printers, monitors, lights, copiers, microwaves, etc.)

Strip off too much sheathing or untwist the pairs more than 13mm

4 Leave enough spare cable

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n Don't cut corners with cable - leave ample slack A metre or so of

cable costs a lot less than the time it takes to redo a cable run

because of cable lengths being too short or the cable being

stretched

n When you wire the jacks and patch panel you should have enough

Slack to reach the floor and extend another metre at both ends of

the cable

— In addition, it’s standard practice to leave a service coil - a few extra

feet of cable coiled up inside the ceiling or other out-of-the-way place However, do not exceed the 90m rule

4 Common cabling installation faults

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n Excessive untwisting of the pairs prior to insertion into the IDC

contacts The maximum allowed is 13mm;

n The most common problem associated with large impedance

variations is excessive return loss

n Disturbing the pair geometry and removing too much cable sheath can adversely affect FEXT and Attenuation performance

n There are no standard requirements on the maximum amount of

cable sheath to remove, but we recommend that no more that 75

mm (3.0”) of the sheath be removed

— October 1995: “The amount of untwisting in a pair as the result of termination to connecting hardware shall be no greater than 13mm (0.5”) for Cat 5 cables and no greater than 25mm (1.0”) for Cat 3 cables”

n No more than 13mm (0.5") of pair untwist should be made for Cat

5e and Cat 6 cables

— Care should be taken to — Do not exceed 13mm of untwist minimise cable sheath for Cat 5e and Cat 6 cabling

disturbance and/or removal Do not exceed 75mm

Floor Distributor Layout

Information on laying out a cabinet for use as

a floor distributor

n The detailed layout of distributors will vary naturally from

installation to installation depending on the equipment fitted, but

there is an overall scheme that is becoming generally accepted

n The scheme allows for the expansion of the wiring network and

maintains a consistent arrangement of equipment without the need for constant reorganisation when additions or alterations are made

1 UTP/STP cabling to users’ outlets

Normally RJ45 patch panels

2 Twisted-pair connections to voice circuits from the PBX via the

4 Electrical mains distribution

A bank of unswitched mains sockets.

4.Optical fibre terminations to the campus data network

Normally a ‘fibre tray’ or Patch panel

Occasionally the connection to the campus data network may be achieved by means other than optical fibres (e.g coax or twisted pair cables)

5.Cable management components

A 1U unit with open loops to hold cabling neatly in place below patch panels and active components

NOTE: The use of nylon cable ties is now not recommended Cable bundles should be formed/secured using fabric Velcro ties This form of cable tie allows additions and changes to be made easily, does not

distort cables and will not tear the insulation If nylon cable ties are used, mechanical tie-wrap guns should never be used

yj Recommended cabinet layout =

n Locate the Horizontal Wiring patch panels at the top of the rack,

expansion is downwards towards the active equipment

n Locate Active Communications equipment in middle of the rack and expand either towards the voice patching fields at the bottom of the rack or towards the horizontal wiring patching fields at the top as

Space permits

n Optical fibre trays/patch panels are located at the bottom of the

rack, below the voice patching field and may expand downwards

n Voice circuits, either patch panels or magazine mounted modules

are located above the fibre trays and expands upwards towards the active components in the middle of the rack

4 Cabinet layout: Example

-

Horizontal Wiring to

OO OO OO OOD OOD OND OVD OOD OO OVD OD OO

4 Notes

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1 Mains distribution for the rack is located at the back of the cabinet

and is fed from an unswitched fused spur which is in turn derived

from an independent feed on the mains distribution board within the

Cable management for permanent wiring is located at the back of the

n Cable shielding must be connected to earth in each Distributor

n Electrical continuity of shielding must be maintained along the

whole run of the cable

n The earthing scheme must guarantee a minimum of 192 anda

maximum of 1V r.m.s between the earth potential of any two points

4 Mounting SC and ST Fibre connectors

g Fibre cabling cross-connection

_y Laying cables (1)

n Properly supported ladder rack

Allowing cable transition between

floors

4 Laying cables (2)

n Cables going through risers

between floors must be properly

supported for their weight

„# Laying cables (3)

n Proper use of waterfall (rounded

transition) fittings for cable changing from a horizontal path to

a vertical one This maintains the

minimum bend radius for Cat 5e and Cat 6 cable

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‘Finished section going into s7 -; All |

conduits that has been properly = ae]

bundle to Ladder Tray with ual | |

The conduit bushings on the

end of the conduits are fitted to prevent the cable being nicked

on rough conduit edges during

4 How not to install cables!

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n 2: The cable bundle is practically

laying in the fluorescent light just

_y Laying cables - Installation errors (2)

n This is not acceptable The cable

should have branched out at the

support

_4 Laying cables - Installation errors (3)

n Never run parallel with electrical

conduits or strap to them

aes

y Laying cables - Installation errors (5)

force

A cable that has been crushed

Another example of a cable loop that that has been forced straight

n The pairs are correctly untwisted

to within 13mm of the IDC

termination

n Don't “re-twist’ the wires, the twist

rate is designed for optimum

performance - re-twisting can alter

gy Sheath removal r

n Too much sheathing has been

removed from the cable

n Only enough sheath has been

removed to make up the

connector

_y Cable tie wraps

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n The tie wrap is too tight, the cable

geometry has been altered Never

cinch plastic cable ties overly tight

lf it deforms the outer cable jacket

it is too tight

m The cable tie is holding the cable

but not changing the geometry

m@ The use of mechanical or powered

cable tightening devices is strictly

prohibited

4 Wall fixings

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n The cable geometry has been

altered by stapling the cable too

tightly x

n The cable geometry has been

maintained, the cables are

supported but not compressed v ==

4 Bend radius

F

n Excessive bending tends to open

wire twists making the cable more

susceptible to noise

n The cable are laid within the 4x

outside diameter limits

n When installing cable do not

exceed 8x the outside diameter

_y Wall-mounted cable supports

gy What is wrong here?

And what is wrong here?

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n Unacceptable wiring practice 2

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