QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH PAST PERFECTI.. Cách sử dụng 1 Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ.. Sử dụng quá khứ hoàn thành cho hành động xảy ra trước, quá khứ đơn
Trang 1QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH (PAST PERFECT)
I LÝ THUYẾT
1 Cách sử dụng
1
Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một
hành động trong quá khứ Sử dụng quá khứ
hoàn thành cho hành động xảy ra trước, quá
khứ đơn cho hành động xảy ra sau
- The police came when the robber had gone away
- I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet
2 Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ hoặc
trước một hành động kết thúc trong quá khứ
- I had finished my homework before 10 o’clock last night
- By the time he was six, he had written his first poem
3
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra là
điều kiện tiên quyết cho một hành động khác
trong quá khứ
- I couldn’t get into the house I had lost my keys
- Mary wasn’t at home She had gone shopping
4 Sử dụng sau If trong câu điều kiện loại 3 (câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ) - If I had known that, I would have acted differently- I would have helped him if he had asked.
5 Sử dụng trong mệnh đề Wish dùng để diễn tả mong muốn trái với quá khứ
- I wish I had worked harder when I was at school
- She wishes she had listened to what her mother told her
6 Sử dụng trong câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp - He said that he had finished all his homework already.
2 Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- Just, already, since, for
- When, by the time, as soon as, before, after, by + fixed time
- If (Câu điều kiện loại 3)
- Wish (Mong ước cho quá khứ)
- Câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp
3 Cấu trúc
(+) Subject + had + Past Participle
(-) Subject + had not / hadn’t + Past Participle
(?) Had + subject + Past Participle?
Trang 2III BÀI TẬP
Exercise 1: Join the sentences with expressions in brackets
E.g.: They graduated They got married (as soon as) They got married as soon as they had graduated
1. They entered the restaurant They were served (after)
2. They didn't tell me Vietjet Air cancelled the flight (that)
3. I couldn't go out I broke my leg (because)
4. He took up a job He left school (as soon as)
5. She fell in love with him They met in Cork (after)
Exercise 2: Answer the questions using the words in the brackets
E.g.: Why did he call you? (because – just arrived) He called me because he had just arrived
1. When did they return? (after - travel for two weeks)
_
2. Why didn't he eat anything? (because - have lunch)
3. What did he tell her? (that - see her before)
4. When did they land? (when - the storm ended)
5. Why was he so dirty? (because - dig the hole in the rain)
Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences in PAST PERFECT tense
1. She (write) six letters before she got a response
2. It always _ (snow) here before 1978
3. Dan (be) sick for three days before he got better
4. Li and Susan (try) four times before they gave up
5. My father’s old car (run) very well before he sold it
6. We (not/ take) the test before
Trang 37. My uncle (visit) China several times in the past, so this visit was nothing new
8. Our father _ never _ (drive) to California
9. I (speak) to the president twice before, so I was not that nervous
10. The old man occasionally _ (need) help crossing the street
11. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (start)
12. If you _ (listen) to me, you would have got the job
13. The garden was dead because it _ (be) dry all summer
14. We were late for the plane because we _ (forget) our passports
15. The lights went off because we _ (not/pay) the electricity bill
16. He _ (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it
17. We couldn’t go into the concert because we _ (not/bring) our tickets
18. She told me she _ (study) a lot before the exam
19. The children _ (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble
20. I (not/have) breakfast when he arrived
Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets
1. I _ (worry) a lot about her before I (hear) that she was safe
2. I didn’t like the flat It _ (be) much smaller than I _ (think) at first
3. He told us he (shoot) a big tiger
4. They _ (drink) tea after they _ (finish) dinner
5. After he (work) at the hospital for two years he _(decide) to give up the job
6. When I (arrive) at the party John _ already (go) home
7. We _ (wait) until the match _ (finish)
8. They _ (leave) the room before the meeting _ (finish)
9. I _ (buy) a new camera before I (go) to London
10. I _ just _ (turn off) the lights when the telephone (ring)
11. _ he _(know) her for a long time before they (get) married?
12. When we (get) to the station the train _ (already / leave)
13. He was wondering why he _ (let) her leave so easily
14. After they (go), he _ (sit) down and _ (light) a cigarette