a READING The Reading section will help you #% review and focus your knowledge of grammar %{ use context to select correct answers kể recognize incorrect responses @ interpret th
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96
97,
104
Who will receive the donation?
(A) The City Garden Club
(B) The radio station
(C) Children without parents
(D) The Elephant House
Who is sponsoring this announcement?
A) Station XYZ
B) The Orphans’ Fund
(
(
(C) The Public Service Association
( D) City Garden Club
Where is the tour taking place?
(A) Ata recording studio
(B) Atanarmy post
(C) Ina prison
(D) Ina museum
What has been recorded?
{A) Future activities
(B) Details of the exhibits
(C) Names of the guards
(D) Courtroom dramas
LISTENING COMPREHENSION REVIEW
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100
Where are the guards standing?
Under a poster
Next to one another
At the entrance
Along the way
Why has a travel alert been posted?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Heavy commuter traffic
Freezing rain
Holiday travel
An air controllers strike
How can people get more information?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
By going to work
By watching TV
By reading the travel alert
By phoning the weather service
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a
READING
The Reading section will help you
#% review and focus your knowledge of grammar
%{ use context to select correct answers
kể recognize incorrect responses
@ interpret the meanings of sentences
@ recognize direct and implied answers to questions on reading passages
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READING PRACTICE
OVERVIEW
106
To improve your score on the Reading section of the TOEIC test, you must
(1) understand basic English grammar patterns and (2) recognize the thematic patterns
of English Grammar patterns determine where words are used; thematic patterns
determine what words are used
The first section, Grammar Patterns, will help you reacquaint yourself with
grammar patterns that often cause problems This section parallels the organization of
the TOEIC test The Grammar Patterns Exercises will be either Incomplete Sentences or
Error Recognition This section is not meant to be a grammar course It is meant to be
an outline of grammar you have studied previously
The second section, Reading Comprehension, will provide you with practice in
associating grammar patterns and words with particular themes A memorandum, for
example, has a different organization from a report or an announcement By
recognizing the form, you will better understand the function (purpose)
READING PRACTICE
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PART V:
GRAMMAR PATTERNS:
INCOMPLETE SENTENCES
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of frequency can be divided into two groups:
(1) those with the idea of definite frequency, such as every day, annually, twice a
week, etc
(2) those with the idea of indefinite frequency, such as always, rarely, never, etc
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
ii Definite frequency adverbs usually go at the beginning or end of the
sentence or clause
INCORRECT [The manager checks every day the production levels.]
CORRECT The manager checks the production levels every day
Mi Indefinite frequency adverbs come after the verb be
INCORRECT [He usually is very friendly.]
CORRECT He is usually very friendly
Indefinite frequency adverbs precede all other verbs, or, if the verb is preceded by an auxiliary, they go after the first auxiliary
INCORRECT [This flight leaves always on time.] - CORRECT This flight always leaves on time
INCORRECT [I would have never said that to her.]
CORRECT I would never have said that to her
Beware of the subtle differences in the meanings of the various adverbs
INCORRECT [There is yet time to correct that error.]
CORRECT There is still time to correct that error
Ht Certain indefinite frequency adverbs can go at the beginning or end of a
sentence or clause These include: frequently, generally, occasionally, often,
sometimes, and usually
INCORRECT [Always I eat lunch in the office.]
CORRECT Usually I eat lunch in the office
READING PRACTICE 107
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10
> Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
Ms Butais_ ——— an accountant
Mr Thomas —_. in his calculations
(A) seldom has erred (C) has seldom erred
(B) has erred seldomly (D) has seldomly erred
Production levels have been this high before
If they _ on an agenda, we must
postpone the meeting
(A) have yet agreed (C) already are agreeing
(B) stillhavenotagreed (D) occasionally agree Research and development funds are being
reduced because of budget cutbacks
the right to limit quantities on all items
(A) Daily reserve (C) Always reserve
(B) Reserve often (D) Reserve generally
While earning her degree, Ms Duthuit
(A) worked every summer (C) every summer worked (B) every summer (D) was every summer
was working working
She _ her training course
(A) hasn’t completed yet (C) hasn’t never completed
(B) hasn’t completed ever (D) hasn’t yet completed
Do not _ without consulting us
(A) invest never (C) ever invest
(B) still invest (D) already invest
he prefers to communicate by e-mail
108 READING PRACTICE
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CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction is used to link words, phrases, or clauses Two types of conjunctions are
coordinate conjunctions (and, or, nor, but, etc.) and subordinate conjunctions (although, since, because, when, before, etc.)
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
KE] Coordinate conjunctions may link similar ideas (and, not only but also),
opposite or contradictory ideas (but), or choices (either or, neither nor)
Pay attention to the meaning of the conjunction
INCORRECT [It is efficient or maintenance-free ]
CORRECT It is efficient and maintenance-free
INCORRECT [We can take either a morning flight but an early
afternoon flight.]
CORRECT We can take either a morning flight or an early
afternoon flight
of the subordinate conjunction
INCORRECT [The machine shut off even though the power went
off.]
CORRECT The machine shut off when the power went off
INCORRECT [I couldn’t call them until I don’t know their phone
number.]
CORRECT Icouldn’t call them because I don’t know their phone
number
Subordinate conjunctions show different kinds of relationships between two clauses They may show cause and effect (because, so, as, since), time
(when, while, after, before, until, as soon as), condition (if, unless), or a
contradiction (even though, although) Again, pay attention to the meaning
MZ Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
she possesses such business acumen, she was able to regain control of the company
For a more effective ad campaign, we need both anew product a new director
READING PRACTICE 109
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10
Our department did not reach its monthly quota
we worked a lot of overtime
(A) because of (C) despite (B) even though (D) but
The new employee is not only ambitious hardworking
he arrives, our representatives will present the new plan to the public
The mail will be sorted it arrives at our division
Mr Fagan notified security _ he noticed
something suspicious
The plane cannot leave the gate alll
passengers are seated
she opened the meeting, the project director
amended the agenda
the research uncovered some problems, the committee members decided to table the proposal temporarily
(A) Since (C) In spite of (B) Even though (D) Whatever
READING PRACTICE
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PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions link their objects to the other structures within the sentence They are used to show placement, time, direction, cause, and location They can be used alone or
in two- or three-word combinations Unfortunately, prepositions are often used idiomatically and often ignore rules Therefore, their use must be memorized
There are, however, a few rules that will help you
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
i At is used for a specific time
INCORRECT [We will convene to 10 a.m.]
CORRECT We will convene af 10 A.M
On is used for a specific day
INCORRECT {The deadline is at Friday.]
CORRECT The deadline is on Friday
&i In is used for a specific city
INCORRECT [She was born at San Francisco.]
CORRECT She was born in San Francisco
wi On is used for a specific date
INCORRECT [The contract was signed in September 5th)
CORRECT The contract was signed on September 5"
Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
1, _all the applicants, Ms Stern has the €5 Oo ®
most experience
2 Inspection will be _ Monday at 9 A.M @ O ®
3 All housekeepers report _ the hotel manager © Oo ®
4, We regret that the plant will be closed — €5 Œ@5 OO noon tomorrow
READING PRACTICE 111
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terms of quality and service, our company surpasses the competition
(B) By (D) With
Debtors are expected to remain _ heavy
economic pressure
The sales meeting will be held Tokyo in May
The shipment is due to arrive _ a week
The supplies cannot be ordered _—— _ next Thursday
They plan to reduce spending — _ one million
dollars
(B) by (D) of
READING PRACTICE
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Transition words are used to join two (or more) independent clauses or sentences
When connecting two clauses, they may be preceded by a semicolon Note: Only and else are usually preceded by a comma, not a semicolon Common transition words are:
accordingly furthermore nevertheless besides ' hot0£Uer for example consequently moreover meantlrile then as a result on the whole hence to this end for this purpose
It is very important to choose the correct transition word in order not to confuse the intended meaning
PATTERNS TO REMEMBER
84 Therefore, thus, so, accordingly, hence, and consequently ave used to show a cause-and-effect relationship between two clauses
INCORRECT [She produces the most; nevertheless, she will be
promoted.]
CORRECT She produces the most; consequently, she will be
promoted
88 However and nevertheless are used to show something that contradicts a
main clause
INCORRECT [He would have been a good representative; so he
does not speak their language.]
CORRECT He would have been a good representative; however,
he does not speak their language
® Also, in addition, moreover, and furtherntore are used to show that
something is added to the idea of a main clause
INCORRECT [There will be a memo on the subject; However, there
will be an announcement.]
CORRECT There will be a memo on the subject; in addition, there
Se Select the one answer that is appropriate in the context
4 Cable TV revolutionized communications; _,, O @O © ©
the very existence of that service is now threatened
by satellites
(A) consequently (C) for example
READING PRACTICE 113