14 In your test book, you will see: On your answer sheet, you will see: All pilots must be members of the National Pilots @ CB © Ww A Association and must pay his national dues bef
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14
In your test book, you will see: On your answer sheet, you will see:
All pilots must be members of the National Pilots @ (CB) © Ww
A Association and must pay his national dues before January 1
Let’s analyze the answer choices
Answer choice (A): be
Be is the correct verb form following the auxiliary must
Answer choice (B): must pay
Must pay is the correct verb form It matches the verb must be in the first clause
Answer choice (C): his
His is an incorrect singular pronoun Pronouns must refer to an antecedent In
this sentence, the nouns that the pronoun refers to are pilots and members Both
of these nouns are plural Therefore, the pronoun must be plural Their is the correct pronoun The correct sentence should read: All pilots must be members of the National Pilots Association and must pay their national dues before January 1
The underlined word his does not agree in number with the antecedent members Therefore, you should mark the oval (C) on your answer sheet
Answer choice (D): before Before is an appropriate preposition
Strategies
Your preparation for this part will be similar to your preparation for Part V Study the grammar review section and pay close attention to the following common traps:
# The may be omitted in the superlative degree
INCORRECT [It is biggest I have ever seen.]
CORRECT It is the biggest I have ever seen
& Than may be omitted in the comparative degree
INCORRECT [She is taller I.]
CORRECT She is taller than I
@ A gerund may be used instead of an infinitive, or an infinitive may be used instead
of a gerund
INCORRECT [We decided leaving early.]
CORRECT We decided to leave early
& The tense of a modal may be incorrect
INCORRECT [Last year we hoped she will come.]
CORRECT Last year we hoped she would come
An article may be used incorrectly
INCORRECT _ [I like the soccer.]
CORRECT I like soccer
INTRODUCTION
Trang 2The past participle may be used instead of the present participle, or the present participle may be used instead of the past participle
IncoRRECT [We have changed our mailed address.]
CORRECT We have changed our mailing address
@ Forms of pronouns may be used incorrectly
INCORRECT [He gave it to Tom and I.]
CORRECT He gave it to Tom and me
Pronouns may not agree with their antecedents
INCORRECT [The company gave her employees raises ] CORRECT The company gave its employees raises
@ Pronouns may be incorrectly added
IncoRRECT [The shipment of parts if came today.]
CORRECT The shipment of parts came today
@ The subject and verb may not agree in number
INCORRECT [The story behind the scenes are sad.]
CORRECT The story behind the scenes is sad
m A participial phrase may be incorrectly placed
INCORRECT [The clerk answered the phone eating a sandwich ] CORRECT The clerk eating a sandwich answered the phone
Words may be incorrectly ordered
INCORRECT [Can you tell me where is it?]
CORRECT Can you tell me where it is?
Part VII: Reading Comprehension
The last part of the TOEIC test includes reading selections on a variety of topics and in
a variety of formats You will read announcements, bulletins, advertisements, forms, tables, reports, letters, faxes, memos, e-mail, etc Each reading selection will be
followed by two or more questions about the passage There are forty questions
in this part
In your test book, you will see:
Questions 1-2 refer to the following article
The population of the United States is often described as being mobile To prove the point, half of the citizens of the United States do not live in the cities where they were born Every year since 1995, 20 percent of U.S families changed their
residences Most moves are due to changing economic circumstances The pioneer spirit still thrives in America and many entrepreneurs move to new “gold mines.” Others do not move by choice but are transferred by the companies that employ them This mobility is positive for both the economy and the individual
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16
1 Which of the following words best describes CA) (CB) (CC) WD
a U.S citizen?
(A) Greedy
(B) Undecided (C) Generous
(D) Mobile
Let’s analyze the answer choices
Answer choice (A): Greedy The references in the text to money (economic circumstances, entrepreneurs, gold mines) may make you think of greedy, but that is not stated or implied
in the article
Answer choice (B): Undecided
You may think that people who move from one place to another cannot make
up their minds, but that is not stated or implied in the article
Answer choice (C): Generous
The adjective generous is neither stated nor implied in the article
Answer choice (D): Mobile
The adjective mobile is found in the first sentence of the article Other clues are the phrases changed their residences, moves, move to, move by choice, are transferred, and mobility Answer choice (D) most closely matches the description given in the paragraph Therefore, you should mark the oval (D) on your answer sheet
2 What percentage of the population live CO (B3) OE ®WD
in their hometowns?
(A) 20 percent (B) 50 percent
(C) 80 percent (D) 100 percent Let’s analyze the answer choices
Answer choice (A): 20 percent
Twenty percent of U.S families change their residence every year, but they may have already moved from their hometowns
Answer choice (B): 50 percent
In the second sentence, it says that half (50 percent) of the U.S population do not live where they were born So 50 percent must have moved from their hometowns Answer choice (B) most closely matches the information given in the paragraph Therefore, you should mark the oval (B) on your answer sheet
Answer choice (C): 80 percent
Eighty percent is the percentage of people who do not change their residence
every year
Answer choice (D): 100 percent
This detail is not stated or implied in the article
INTRODUCTION
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Strategies When you practice listening comprehension, you anticipate what you are going to hear
by reading the questions and answer choices first Similarly, when you practice reading, you should try to focus your attention on the topic You should first read the questions and answer choices which follow the reading passage
The questions in the example on the preceding page tell you that you are going to read something about U.S citizens and the relationship to their hometowns Try to guess an answer to the question Which of the following words best describes a US citizen? even before you look at the choices Then look quickly over the reading passage to see
if you see either a word from the choices or a synonym in the passage Mobile is very visible in the first sentence
Read on In the second sentence, you find the answer to the second question: Half of the U.S population Half is another way of saying 50 percent
When answering the questions for the reading passages, you should look not only for a direct answer, but for synonyms, paraphrases, and implied answers as well Also note that the order of the questions will match the order of presentation of information
in the passage Therefore, the answer to the first question will be found in the first part
of the passage The answer to the second question will be found after that, and so on
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GENERAL DIRECTIONS: The following general directions are provided by the
Educational Testing Service (ETS) and are reprinted here with permission Read them and be sure you understand them
This is a test of your ability to use the English language The total time for the test is approximately two hours It is divided into seven parts Each part of the test begins with a set of specific
directions Be sure you understand what you are to do before you begin work on a part
You will find that some of the questions are harder than others, but you should try to answer each question to the best of your ability Your score will be based on the number of questions you
answer correctly
Do not mark your answers in this test book You must put all of your answers on the separate
answer sheet that you have been given When putting your answer to a question on your answer
sheet, be sure to fill in the answer space corresponding to the letter of your choice Fill in the
space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen, as shown in the example below
to his accountant Sample Answer
Mr Jones yesterday
(A) talk
(B) talking
(C) talked (D) to talk
The sentence should read, “Mr Jones talked to his accountant yesterday.”
Therefore, you should choose answer (C) Notice how this has been done
Mark only one answer for each question If you change your mind about an answer after you have marked it on your answer sheet, completely erase your old answer and then mark your new
answer You must mark the answer sheet carefully so that the test-scoring machine can accurately
record your test score
18
SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS: Each part of the TOEIC test begins with specific directions for
that part In this book you will find them at the beginning of each study section and in the Practice Tests Read them and be sure you understand them
Note that the items in the study sections may differ slightly from those described in
the actual TOEIC test directions, but the directions are provided so you will become
familiar with them
INTRODUCTION
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LISTENING COMPREHENSION
The Listening Comprehension section will help you increase your vocabulary
analyze photographs and reject “tricky” answers that are “almost” correct
sharpen your observation powers
recognize the organizational patterns of spoken English predict topics of conversation
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F3
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đã isolate key words that will help you choose the best answer
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LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRACTICE
OVERVIEW
When you listen to other people talk or are a part of a conversation yourself, you have clues that help you understand the subject of the conversation These clues can be
visual (for example, the locale) as well as audio (for example, street noises)
However, sometimes you do not have any visual clues You must only listen (for example, on the telephone or on the radio) This makes it more difficult to understand
Consequently, it is important to be aware of common problems that interfere with your listening comprehension Problems such as words that sound alike, incorrect
prepositions, and words out of context will be examined in detail in this section
LISTENING INSTRUCTIONS
20
You must have a cassette tape player or a compact disc player to do the listening comprehension exercises Each exercise is identified on the audiotape or CD
You will not need a watch for the listening exercises because they are timed You should not stop the audio during the listening exercise However, you may go back
and repeat the exercises as many times as you wish
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PART I: PICTURE
On the TOEIC test, you will have to look at a picture and determine what the picture is about You will need to build your vocabulary and improve your listening skills Your listening skills can be greatly improved if you develop your observation abilities What you see gives you cues about what you hear
It is important to be aware of common TOEIC traps that interfere with your listening comprehension These traps (tricky answer options) may cause you to misunderstand what you hear: words may sound alike, a preposition may be used incorrectly, and words may be used in a different context
In the following exercises, you will learn to develop your observation skills and will learn to avoid the common traps that the TOEIC test uses to trick you
COMMON TRAP: SIMILAR SOUNDS
Many words sound alike but mean different things Be especially careful of words that
change their meaning and pronunciation by changing just one letter or sound
She is coming today SIMILAR SOUNDS She is coming to play today/to play
He is coming today she/he
He is going our way is coming to play/is going our way
He was going to stay is going our way/was going to stay
COMMON TRAP: PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are difficult in both written and spoken English When you examine a
picture, you should try to associate the nouns you see in the picture with an
appropriate response of place (on, at, under, near, by, beside, etc.)
INCORRECT
[The customer is beside the ticket agent ] [The sign is on the desk.]
[The airplane ticket is in the woman’s bag.]
CORRECT
The ticket agent is behind the counter
The woman is holding a ticket in her hand
The customer is in front of the counter
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COMMON TRAP: WORDS OUT OF CONTEXT
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Some words have different meanings, depending on how they are used The word park may appear with trees and flowers or with cars Make sure the word in the answer you choose has the appropriate meaning You might hear one word in a statement or
question but not understand that word in the situation given
@ The chair did not attend the meeting
—& The motion was tabled
@ She needs some writing paper
The words in these statements may be interpreted (or misinterpreted) as follows:
% ~The chair did not attend the meeting
chair head of a committee, chairperson chair a piece of furniture
meeting an organized conference meeting achance encounter
1 The motion was tabled
motion a policy recontmendation motion a inovement
fo table to postpone a decision atable a piece of furniture
& She needs some writing paper
paper —_ something to write on paper something to read, a newspaper
LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRACTICE
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EXERCISE 1: STEPS FOR ANALYZING PHOTOGRAPHS
The steps below will help you develop the skills you need to analyze photographs In addition to the photographs in the book, you can use photographs from magazines and newspapers as well as photographs from your own personal collection The more frequently you try to analyze photographs using these eight steps, the larger your vocabulary will be and the sharper your observation skills will become
Step 1: Examine this photograph
Step 2: Write down what you see in the photograph Here are some examples Can you
think of others?
NOUNS table tie pen hair nose cups shirt wall mustache mouth saucers blouse window hand clothing plant jacket drapes head stone pencil eyeglasses printout arm ring paper watch map eye chair