Tài liệu Figure Drawing - Rabbit, Squirrel, Kangaroo pptx

I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit!. V; Basel Basioclavicularis; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brae Brachialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Cldel Clavodeltoid; Clmas Cleido

18S RABBIT > ANATOMY

DOMESTIC RABBIT

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Rabbit characteristics: Two pairs of upper incisors; second pair small

and peg-like, located just behind the front pair Perforated lace-like

texture of bone on side of skull in front of eye socket (Both features not

found in rodents) Long and pointed large ears Arched upper profile of

skull Strong extension of spine where neck vertebrae meet thoracic

vertebrae Strong extension of middle tail vertebrae, raising tufted tail

Relatively thin, delicate bones Rear-projecting "metacromion" from

lower end of shoulder blade (for insertion of trapezius and

omotransver-sarius muscles) Long hind limbs with large feet Sits on sole and heel of

foot at rest; pushes off with toes Front limb walks on toes Five digits

on front limb; four on rear limb Females larger than males Moves by

hopping Covered with thick fur Bottom of feet covered with fur Claws

on digits Hares generally larger, more upright, slender, with longer ears

than rabbit, but true difference is in development of young at birth

AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Basel Basioclavicularis; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brae Brachialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Cldel Clavodeltoid; Clmas Cleidomastoid; DelAc Deltoid, acromial

portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii mandibularis;

ECR Extensor carpi radialis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I &

II; ED1L Extensor digit! I longus; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; Gastr Gastrocnemius; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus super-ficialis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecSu Pectoralis superficialis; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj Teres major;

Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap

Trapezius; TrIAc Triceps brachii, accessory head; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TrIMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vastus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

(frim specimen)

RABBIT + ANATOMY 189

DOMESTIC RABBIT

EASTERN COTTONTAIL

(from dessectinos)

190 RABBIT & HARE » PROPORTION

RABBIT & HARE > PROPORTION 19!

192 SQUIRREL > ANATOMY

EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL

Sciurus carolinensis

Squirrel characteristics: Strong extension of tail vertebrae at base of

tail (to bend tail onto back) Walks on palm of hand (not on digits like

dog) Good rotation of joints of rear limb so sole of foot can face down

(or backward) when leg is extended This enables squirrel to climb

down trees with its rear leg extended and the sole of its foot in contact

with the tree Five digits on front limb (with very reduced but visible first

digit); five digits on rear limb

Rodent characteristics: Highly variable Body very small (mouse) to

dog-size (capybara) Single pair of incisors in upper and lower jaws grow

continuously and wear against each other, keeping their front edges

sharp and chisel-like No canines—gap present between incisors and

cheek teeth Often has arched upper profile of skull Receding lower jaw

("weak jaw") Forearm rotates (pronates/supinates) Walks on palm and

wrist of front limb and sole and heel of rear foot Four or five digits on

front limb (often with reduced first digit), three to five on hind limb Digits

may be webbed in semiaquatic species Claws on digits Usually medium

to long tails: naked and scaly (rat), lightly haired (mouse), or very bushy

(squirrel) Tail horizontally flattened and wide in beaver; vertically

flat-tened in muskrat (both swimmers) Prehensile tails in some species Hair

modified into long, stiff quills in porcupine Habits: running, gliding,

climbing, swimming, burrowing, and jumping (hopping)

AbCaE Abductor caudae externus; AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor

digit! V; AncAnconeus; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bute Buccinator; Cldel Clavodeltoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; DAnOr Depressor angulioris; DelAc Deltoid, acromial portion;

DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; DLaMn Depressor labii

mandibu-laris; KR& Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digito-rum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitodigito-rum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; F:

DP Flexor digitorum

profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head;

GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Inter/rtterosse/; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levatornasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; Omohy Omohyoid;

Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PalLo

Palmaris longus; PecAb Pectoralis abdominis; PecSP Pectoralis superficialis poste-rior; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PrTer Pronatorteres; RecFe Rectus femoris; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid;

Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj Teres major; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae

antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; VasLa Vastus lateralis.

(fromfrom specimena)

SQUIRREL » ANATOMY 193

EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL

(from disec tion ;after cuvier ;orelell)

194 RODENT > PROPORTION

SQUIRREL

CHIPMUNK

RODENT > PROPORTION 195

HOUSE MOUSE

NORWAY (BROWN) RAT

Ip6 KANGAROO > ANATOMY

RED KANGAROO (FEMALE)

Macropus rufus

Kangaroo characteristics: Forelimb small; has five digits with strong

claws Large, powerful hind limb with long, strong, narrow foot

Muscular thigh; muscle mass of lower leg positioned on upper half,

toward knee In foot, large fourth and smaller fifth digits transmit force

during locomotion; first digit missing, small digits two and three bound

together by skin Long tail, thick at base, used for body support at rest

and balance during hopping Fast locomotion is by leaping with hind

limbs only Walking: Hind limbs, forelimbs, and tail in contact with

ground at various times Sitting: Body rests on entire foot and tail; arms

hang loosely Pouch in female opens forward, supported by two long,

thin bones

AbDIB Abductor digit! I brevis; AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor

digit! V; Anc Anconeus; AT Achilles tendon; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps

femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus;

Clmas Cleidomastoid; Coccy Coccygeus; Delt Deltoid; Digas Digastric; ECRB Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum later-alis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ED1L Extensor hallucis longus; ExAbO

External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris;

FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superflcialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSA Gluteus superflcialis anterior; GluSP Gluteus superflcialis posterior; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxiltaris; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PalLo Palmaris longus; Pec Pectoralis; PerLo Peroneus longus; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; Sart Sartorius; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; TeMaj Teres major; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; VasLa Misfr/s lateralis.

KANGAROO > ANATOMY 197

RED KANGAROO (FEMALE)

(afterr c

198 MARSUPIAL > PROPORTION

KANGAROO

MARSUPIAL » PROPORTION 199

NORTH AMERICAN OPOSSUM