Tài liệu Reading upper intermediate part 5 ppt

.’ emergency fodder an unquestioned axiom of aid donors ‘something of a step into the unknown’ ailing economies Task 8 Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: get ni

Task 6

Before you begin this task, check your notes with the passage Make

sure that you

e have understood each point correctly

e have not missed any of the important points

e have not misinterpreted information or included any unimportant

points

Use your notes to write one of the following:

e aletter to the government of each of the four African countries

e a letter to the editors of popular newspapers in the four African

countries

e a leaflet informing the public in the four African countries about the

dangers of the campaign against the tsetse fly

Task 7

Find the following expressions in the passage, and without using a

dictionary, explain their meanings

a multi-million-pound shot in the arm

the ravages of over-grazing

‘severe degradation of pastures and woodlands ’

emergency fodder

an unquestioned axiom of aid donors

‘something of a step into the unknown’

ailing economies

Task 8

Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

get nid of entirely

totally dry area where nothing can be grown

person who researches weather

not affected by

complete destruction

live together

supporters

a creature which lives on another creature

Task 9

Study the following statements and decide whether each one is an

accurate summary of one of the main points of the passage

Write down the number of each statement and then write

e yes (if it is an accurate summary of one of the main points of the

passage)

e x (if the statement does not accurately represent what was said in

the passage)

e no (if the statement is accurate but it does not represent one of the

main points of the passage)

The campaign to eradicate the tsetse Hy in Afnica and open up huge areas to cattle ranching could turn a lot of Africa into desert The insecticide to be used in spraying the tsetse belts of

Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique Is a safe chemical The End of Eden is a film about land exploitation financed by an International bank

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization has not yet surveyed areas treated with anti-tsetse pesticide

When all the arguments are considered there is no doubt that the eradication of the tsetse fly would be a good thing for Africa One of the problems in persuading African governments of the dangers of the war on the tsetse fly is that many of their senior officials stand to benefit from it financially

Write two statements which summarize main points not mentioned

above

Task 10

In groups, discuss the techniques vou used to find the information you needed Did vou:

L]

L]

a read the whole passage caretully once and then read it again

to look for the specific information vou needed?

b read the whole passage carefully and then make notes from memory?

c stop reading any sentence as soon as you realized it was not relevant to your purpose?

d skim through the whole passage very quickly just picking out key words and then read it again looking for specific

information?

e look out for words relevant to what vou were searching for (e.g those indicating criticism, opinion, attitude, accusation and consequences) and then read only the sentences relating

to them?

f note down and discuss any point that might be relevant and then select and organize the points you intended to use? Which of the above methods are the most useful when looking for specific information?

What other ways of reading could have helped you to make your

notes in an efficient way?

2 Skills training

Scanning — reading for specific information

Task 1

There are two main ways of scanning a text:

1 We go through the text very quickly until we find what we are

looking for and then we read that section carefully

2 We work out whereabouts in the text we might find the

information we want and then we read that section of the text

carefully

The main point of scanning 1s not to waste time reading every word

of the text carefully

In Task 1 you are going to have to work very quickly You will be

given a limited period of time to find all the arguments in the text

about tsetse fly that argue m favour of the campaign

Before you start, think about how vou are going to find the

information you want You nught find some of the following

techniques useful

Listing likely content words

Quickly think of about ten words that you might expect to find in the

section you are looking for

For example, if you are trying to find information about trains from a

long article about travelling in Europe, you might list the following

words:

You then run your eyes over the text looking for any of the words in

your list

Using headings and diagrams

You can often find the information you want from a long text by

looking for headings and diagrams that are relevant to your topic If

any appear relevant, skim through the accompanying text to check

whether it contains the information you nced If it does, then read it

through carefully

Skimming for relevance

In order to check that you are not missing out relevant information,

focus on the content words of each sentence Ask yourself if these

words are relevant to your need If you think they might be, then

reread the sentence carefully If not, move quickly to the next

sentence.

Predicting where the relevant tnformation might be Often, you don’t need to pay attention to certain parts of the text because you can predict where you will find the particular information you are looking for You can do this

e by using your previous experience of similar texts (e.g the writing tasks usually come at the end of the unit in a particular textbook)

e by relating the text to the situation you are in (e.g looking only at your region in the weather forecast)

e by using common sense (e.g you read the last paragraph of an article if you only want to find out about the author’s conclusions)

e by predicting from any clues in the format or layout of text (e.g the price of a new car will probably appear in small print at the bottom of an advertisement)

In groups, discuss the techniques which you believe will help you to find all the information you need in the shortest possible time When your teacher tells you to start, you will have fifteen minutes to list the arguments in the passage that are in favour of attempts to get rid of the tsetse fly

Afterwards, compare the information you managed to find with that

found by other groups Compare the different techniques used by each group to collect the information

Which techniques were most successful in finding relevant information quickly?

Task 2

Find out the following information as quickly as you can from the table below

1 The brewery in the Cambnidge area with the most pubs

2 The breweries with the highest percentage of pubs selling real ale

79% of the Cambridge Branch area’s pubs now Sell real ale; the break- down by brewery is as follows:

Task 3

By scanning the extract from the programme of a school féte below,

find out as quickly as you can what time the sideshows start

2.00 Francy Dress Competition

2.20 Crowning of May Queen

and MAYPOLE DANCING 2.45 Gymnastics Display by THR MBADOW SCHOOL

GYMNASTICS CLUB 3.06 Display of CLOG DANCiNG

Barbeque, sideshows and competitions will

OPEN following the MAYPOLE DANCING

WRK KK KK KK KR KKK TK I KR KKK KEK KKK KKK RK KHRAKHKKAKAKAKK KS

NOTES FOR YOUR DIARIES - FORTHCOMING EVENTS

23rd June Children's Sponsored Waik - West Wratting

Airfield 2lst Sept Parents' Sponsored Walk (Details to follow)

27th Sept Childrens Disco

28th Sept Barn Dance

kkk KKK up Xá XỈẾ kí th Ý KY kÁỔ Xu ki ti “ki tk KẾ ki na tà ti ki ki k KÝ ri Xi ki k3

OUR THANKS TO ALL THE LOCAL TRADERS WHO HAVE

ADVERTISED TODAY IN OUR PROGRAMME - PLEASE

SUPPORT THEM WHENEVER POSSTBLE

#Ý khứ tk it kiđkk3+}* kx* 4x4 k4 xxx xé tk k6 ki xé + k $ * Ý *x x t Ý KAKA KK RAKRR KKK RK

Task 4

You want to travel from England to Ilolland overnight and you want

to take your car with vou

Check the advertisement below Does Sealink offer you what you

want? If it does, where do their ferries to Holland sail from?

Just imagine it You're hotel's exquisite restaurant in plenty of time for breakfast

under the starsona floating A flutter in the casino and to check out

luxury hotel The St Perhaps a visit to the duty- The St Nicholas or

Nicholas or Prinses Beatrix free supermarket Orafilm Prinses Beatrix Unlike

Location? Somewhere

between Harwich and the

Hook of Holland (ports

which are extremely conve-

nient for access within the

UK and for travelling to the

rest of Europe)

Your car is in the

undergound car park, your

luggage in your private first-

class cabin and you feel like

a drink in the lounge bar

Maybe even dinner in the

in the cinema before going

to bed for a well-earned rest

(If you're booked into the

St Nicholas youre in for a busy time For you could even shake a leg in the disco

or listen to some live music } And after a good night's sleep a steward will call you

SEAILINK erres St

some luxury hotels they will make you feel like a star

For further details contact your local travel agent or travel centre and pick up a

“Holland & Bevond” 85 brochure, or, alternatively

ring us on 01-834 8122

Changing for the better — Full Speed RRIES | goSe

Task 5

Use the following report to find out as quickly as possible who scored the goals in the football match between France and East Germany on 8th December 1984

France: Bats — Bibard, Bossis, Amoros — Giresse, Tigana, Fer-

nandez, Platini— Stopyra (Anziani 84), Bellone

E Germany: Muller — Traut- mann, Stahmann, Dorner, Döschner — Liebers, Troppa, Stubner, Steinbach (Richter 75) — Minge (Glowatzky 79), Thom

France won a fine game to com-

plete a wonderful year Not only did

it include success in the European

championship but they won each one of the 12 internationals in the year Paris sports daily L Equipe called them ‘Wunderteam '84' and East German manager Bernd Stange Said ‘France are indeed an exceptional team.’ This was rated the best senior international in the Parc des Princes since France’s 2-0 win over Italy in February,

1982 The star of the show was Michel Platini, recently named World Footballer of the Year by World Soccer and, at the end of the month, runaway favourite for the

European Footballer of the Year

award But also in fine form were midfield colleagues Alain Giresse

— back after injury — Jean Tigana, Luis Fernandez and centre back Maxime Bossis That France won only 2-0 — and then

with a last-minute goal — was due

to the fine form showed against them by an East German side almost unrecognizable from the dull side seen earlier this season

at Wembley, for instance But then, in young forward Andreas Thom of Dynamo Berlin, the East Germans have just discovered a player of immense potential — and one who has already been com- pared with the Belgian, Enzo Scifo France roared into attack from the start and forced a fine save from Muller after only 20 seconds when Amoros fired in a low shot from a Platini pass In the 12th minute, at the other end, Bats had

to turn a Trautmann header over

the bar But then France went ahead in the 32nd, Bossis moved forward, gave the ball to Platini, who found Bibard The new fullback beat Steinbach and hit the

ball to the far post where Yannick

Stopyra, son of an old French inter- national, scored from close range The last-minute goal which sealed victory was begun and finished by Philippe Anziani The substitute, in

the squad as late replacement for

injured Dominique Rocheteau, sent Bellone away on the left and was running through to volley the return past Muller

Task 6

Scan the article on the next page to find out as quickly as possible

what Iain Johnstone’s opinion 1s about each of the four films he

reviews

( SCREEN

alifornia

splits

FILM REVIEW

lain Johnstone spies

a new Schlesinger

JOHN SCHLESINGER, whose

BBC TV film, An Englishman

Abroad, was the outstanding

British production of 1983, has

come up with one of the best

movies of 1985: The Falcon and

the Snowman (Odeon Haymar-

ket, 15) It is also about espionage,

concentrating on the casual ease

with which two young Americans

managed to sell important secrets

to the Russians When one is

deported from Mexico with the

option of being sent either to the

United States or Russia, he

chooses, unlike Guy Burgess in

An Englishman Abroad, a

prison in his own country

It is a true story, so titled

because Christopher Boyce had

a pet falcon and Daulton Lee was

a cocaine dealer The two young

boys were both from wealthy

middle-class Californian families

Boyce was training to become a

priest but quit His father, an ex-

FBI man, got him a job at TRW

Systems, a company working for

the Department of Defense A

bright 21-year-old, he was rapidly

promoted to a job that gave him

access fo top secret information

about spy satellites and the like

With a splendid irony that ripples

through the film, Schlesinger

shows him going through a maze

of passageways and doors with

coded locks to get to his new job, only for nobody to have heard of him when he arrives They forgot

to tell his fellow workmates

Bovce is astounded to learn from the telexes that the CIA in- terferes in the internal affairs of other countries — information he could have gleaned from reading The New York Times But in the prevailing atmosphere of national duplicity - the familiar faces of Watergate flicker at us from television screens — he resolves

to sell some genuinely valuable information about spy satellites

to the Russians Why? It is never fully explained Boyce was not in search of fame or fortune, al- though the Russians paid the market rate When a CIA interro- gator asks him after his arrest:

‘““Who did you receive your in- structions from?” he replies:

**My conscience.” And he adds

““We are the only nation on earth that ever used atomic weapons on other human beings.”’

The other part of the film con- cerns Lee’s dealings with the receptive but equally inept Rus- sians in Mexico — for some reason they like him to leave messages right in front of the presidential palace The story is told with a beguiling mix of humour and tension by the writer, Steven Zaillian, and Schlesinger never uses a word where a frame will do Timothy Hutton and Sean Penn play the young traitors quite winningly and contribute to Schlesinger’s

overriding achievement, which is

to engage the audience’s sym- pathy for the pair — even the drugs dealer — for more than two hours without minimising their criminal activities

If Alfred Hitchcock were mak- ing films today one of his leading ladies would undoubtedly be Michelle Pfeiffer She falls into the Grace Kelly/Tippi Hedren mould — just a few degrees warmer than glacial, blonde, in- nocent but knowing blue eyes, unobtainable The excellent Miss Pfeiffer plays the lead in John Landis’s Hitchcock spoof Into the Night (Plaza, 15), a clever film noir that almost manages to get away with being both athriller and a send-up The innocent Jeff Goldblum is dragged from his humdrum life by a chance en- counter with Miss Pfeiffer (she lands on his car roof in an airport garage) into a nightmare world of murderous Iranians and killer Frenchmen, all for a fistful of emeralds

The complexities of the plot outwit even the director at one stage ~ possibly he was too pre- occupied with his own role as third villain on the left As part

of the film’s abundance of “‘in jokes”’, a host of fellow directors, ranging from Roger Vadim to Don Siegel, play cameos with Jonathan Lynn the most effective

as a flustered tailor

It is in his observations that Landis is at his most effective

People care about their cars in in- verse proportion to their value:

Goldblum’s pile is inevitably towed away but Pfeiffer loans her Porsche to her brother as though

it were a trinket This is a film that continually nudges you with its humour between the bouts of bloody mayhem Not surprising-

ly, the director of Trading Places is more at home with film fun than film noir, a style more effectively parodied in Body Heat by Lawrence Kasdan — who 1s also in the cast but with his name misspelt

Los Angeles 1s no joking mat- ter in the talented Alan Rudolph’s

new film, Choose Me (Screen on the Hill, 15), nor was it in his first two films Welcome to LA and Remember My Name His bleak view of an anonymous city harbouring a clutch of empty souls who bump into each other like molecules is repeated to ad- vantage in this movie A black girl sits in a bar composing pessi- mistic poems containing opti- mistic lines like ‘‘At least you get laid in your coffin.” The bar is owned by Eve (Lesley Ann War- ren), who purchased it on a whim because it was called Eve’s Bar Enter Genevieve Bujold who is not what she appears to be (she

is actually a radio agony aunt) and Keith Carradine He claims to be

a Yale graduate in engincering who once was a spy in Moscow but ended up ina mental asylum and proves to be — a rarity in Rudolph films — exactly what he says he is He has a catalytic ef- fect on the life of all three ladies and the result is hypnotically engaging

Number One (Classic Hay- market, 15) is the first British snooker film, presciently released

to coincide with the World Championships, although I would have thought that the sort

of person who watches a hundred hours or so of snooker on T’V is the quintessential non-cinema- goer Bob Geldof slugs his way through the brutalities of the East End to reach the promised land

in Sheffield, his ability only mar- red by an unfortunate propensity

to pot the cue ball This afflicts the creators as well Writer G F Newman and director Les Blair have demonstrated their abilities

to make television with series such as Law and Order How- ever, they need to look at Schles- inger’s film to see how much more scale you need to put into

a feature film The cinema frame can encompass much more than the box allows Towards the end

of this film they switch abruptly from grim reality to farce Regret- tably nobody tells the audience and they didn’t inform Bob Geldof, either

Lord of the Flies

10

15

Understanding the theme

Task 1

When you read a novel or a story it 1s useful to distinguish between

e the narrative — the events that make up the story line

e the theme — the subject or ‘message’ of the writer

Below is an example from George Orwell's novel Animal Farm

The narrative

The book tells the story of how a group of farm animals chase away the farmer and take over the running of the farm Eventually the pigs begin to behave in the same way as the farmer did

The theme The book is a satirical account of the Russian revolution: how the rejection of the Tsar and the establishment of a government of the people led eventually to the emergence of another dictator and a totalitarian regime

Write a brief description of the theme of any novel you have read

In small groups, read out your descriptions Ask each other questions if you are not clear what the theme is in each case

Task 2

Read the passage below It describes how a group of fifteen-year- olds were ona trip when a hurricane wrecked their boat They managed to swim safely to a desert island

Roland wiped his face

‘Indar and the boys get looking for food, and the rest of us will build

some shelters.’

Roland was the biggest in the group and was used to having his own way, but there were some grumblings

Tom spoke up, ‘Says who? Nobody tells me what to do I'll look after

myself, that’s all.’

‘If you were ill,’ said Indar, ‘you’d want someone else to look after you.’

‘Suppose | found the only bunch of bananas, you'd expect me to share

it round, and not keep it all for myself? | don't want Roland to give me

‘orders’ but | do think we should share things.’

‘Right now, the most important thing is to find our way home,’ said Joe

Tom disagreed ‘The vital thing is to find FOOD,’ he replied

‘Look,’ shouted Ken ‘Everyone is arguing We need someone in charge

to tell the others what to do We need some guidance — some rules —

else we'll be at each other's throats.’

‘| can do without rules,’ said Lennox ‘You'll have us running round

after you while you sit giving orders.’

Mitra nodded in agreement ‘Maybe we do need some rules,’ he said

‘But | don't see that one person has to make them Surely we should all

agree what we need to do, then we can make sure things get done.’

1 Think ofa title for this story

2 The characters in this story all have different views about how

they should organize themselves to cope with the situation What

view does each of the following characters hold?

Roland

Mitra

Tom

3 Whose point of view do you support? Why?

Which of the following is the best statement of the theme of this

story?

L]Ì a A group of fifteen-year-olds are shipwrecked

b [tis ethically wrong for one member of a group to try to

give orders to other members

c Teenagers are incapable of handling their own affairs

d Society can only work effectively if there are clearly

agreed rules to which members conform

Task 3

Read the extract below from Lord of the Flies by William Golding

When you have finished, write down what you think is the theme that

the writer is dealing with

The place of assembly filled quickly; Jack, Simon, Maurice, most of the

hunters, on Ralph's right; the rest on the left, under the sun Piggy came

and stood outside the triangle This indicated that he wished to listen, but

would not speak; and Piggy intended it as a gesture of disapproval

‘The thing is: we need an assembly.’

No one said anything but the faces turned to Ralph were intent He

flourished the conch He had learnt as a practical business that

fundamental statements like this had to be said at least twice, before

everyone understood them One had to sit, attracting all eyes to the

conch, and drop words like heavy round stones among the little groups

that crouched or squatted He was searching his mind for simple words

so that even the littluns would understand what the assembly was about

Later perhaps, practised debaters — Jack, Maurice, Piggy — would use

their whole art to twist the meeting: but now at the beginning the subject

of the debate must be laid out clearly

‘We need an assembly Not for fun Not for laughing and falling off the

log’ — the group of littluns on the twister giggled and looked at each

other — ‘not for making jokes, or for’ — he lifted the conch in an effort

to find the compelling word —— ‘for cleverness Not for these things But

to put things straight.’

He paused for a moment

20

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20

29

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99

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‘I’ve been along By myself | went, thinking what's what | know what

we need An assembly to put things straight And first of all I'm speaking.’

He paused for a moment and automatically pushed back his hair

Piggy tiptoed to the triangle, his ineffectual protest made, and joined the

others

Ralph went on

‘We have lots of assemblies Everybody enjoys speaking and being together We decide things But they don't get done We were going to have water brought from the stream and left in those coco-nut shells

under fresh leaves So it was, for a few days Now there’s no water The

shells are dry People drink from the river.’

There was a murmur of assent

‘Not that there’s anything wrong with drinking from the river | mean I'd sooner have water from that place —- you know — the pool where the waterfall is — than out of an old coco-nut shell Only we said we'd have the water brought And now not There were only two full shells there this afternoon.’

He licked his lips

‘Then there's huts Shelters.’

The murmur swelled again and died away

‘You mostly sleep in shelters To-night, except for Samneric up by the fire, you'll all sleep there Who built the shelters”

Clamour rose at once Everyone had built the shelters Ralph had to wave the conch once more

‘Wait a minute! | mean, who built all three? We all built the first one,

four of us the second one, and me 'n Simon built the last one over there

That’s why it’s so tottery No Don't laugh That shelter might fall down if the rain comes back We'll need those shelters then.’

He paused and cleared his throat

‘There's another thing We chose those rocks right along beyond the bathing-pool as a lavatory That was sensible too The tide cleans the place up You littluns know about that.’

There were sniggers here and there and swift glances

‘Now people seem to use anywhere Even near the shelters and the platform You littluns, when you're getting fruit; if you're taken

short ——

The assembly roared

‘| said if you're taken short you keep away from the fruit That’s dirty.’ Laughter rose again

‘| said that’s dirty!’

He plucked at his stiff, grey shirt

‘That's really dirty If you're taken short you go right along the beach to

the rocks See?’

Piggy held out his hands for the conch but Ralph shook his head This

speech was planned, point by point

‘We've all got to use the rocks again This place is getting dirty.’ He

paused The assembly, sensing a crisis, was tensely expectant ‘And then: about the fire.’