Tài liệu Climate change: Your guidei to inspiring action pptx

This booklet is intended to help raise awareness of climate change and encourage and inspire local action.. 04–05 On the ground 06–07 Getting the point across 08–09 Your carbon footprint

Climate change: Your guide i

to inspiring action i

Photo: Flooding in Boscastle, Cornwall, 2004

An indication of the type

of event that scientists say will become more frequent in the future.

Climate change is one of the

most urgent issues of our time

It is the greatest environmental

challenge we face today as

a global community.

Given the enormity of the problem of

climate change and its consequences

– heatwaves, fl ooding, more frequent

storms – people may fi nd it hard to

believe that they can do anything to help

But the fact is, man-made greenhouse

gases contribute signifi cantly to climate

change, and action from individuals,

government and businesses is vital if we

are to put the brakes on it If we all make

some simple changes, our collective

effort will help make a difference

This booklet is intended to help raise awareness of climate change and encourage and inspire local action

It is also designed to act as a communications tool, showing you how to spread the message and generate discussion on what to do You can use this booklet in conjunction with the accompanying website,

www.climatechallenge.gov.uk,

which contains further information, ideas and resources

Sir David King, UK Government’s Chief Scientifi c Adviser

Contents

02–03 What is climate change?

04–05 On the ground

06–07 Getting the point across

08–09 Your carbon footprint

10–11 Calculating your carbon footprint

12–13 Figuring out climate change

14–15 Communicating climate change

16–17 Do you know who you’re talking to?

18–19 Other climate change resources

20–21 Next steps

Our planet is surrounded by a blanket

of gases This blanket keeps the surface

of the Earth warm and enables it to

sustain life This process is known as

‘the greenhouse effect’, so called because

it works in much the same way as a garden greenhouse – by trapping heat from the sun Here’s what happens:

1492

Da Vinci theorises

1801

Richard Trevithick invents fi rst steam- powered locomotive

Climate change timeline

What are the major historical developments

that have contributed to the climate change

story? We’ve tracked a few

key dates and events under three

separate headings:

Home, work and travel

Industry and technology

Geo-political

Home, work and travel

The greenhouse effect

1 Energy from the sun enters

our atmosphere, passing

through the blanket of gases

that surround the Earth.

2 As it reaches the Earth’s

surface, much of the

sun’s energy is absorbed

by our planet’s land, water

and biosphere.

3 Some of this energy is

radiated back into space

4 The rest of the energy is

trapped in our atmosphere

– and this is known as

‘the greenhouse effect’.

2

3 1

4

Photo: Traffi c, UK Road transport now accounts for a fi fth of the UK’s entire national carbon emissions.

fi rst practical

So what’s the problem?

Over the last hundred years or so,

this blanket has become thicker

because of the release of ‘greenhouse

gases’ into the atmosphere through

the burning of fossil fuels The thicker

blanket traps more energy causing

the Earth’s temperature to rise

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most

important of the six greenhouse gases

Carbon (in combination with other

elements) makes up the basis of life

on Earth Forests, soils, oceans and the

atmosphere all absorb and release CO2

The movement of carbon between these

sources is known as ‘the carbon cycle’

For more information on the carbon cycle,

take a look at The Carbon Cycle

animation included in this pack

The problem now is that this natural cycle can’t keep up Through the burning of fossil fuels, we’re creating a build-up

of CO2 in the atmosphere This build-up

is a major factor in increasing the greenhouse effect, which is one of the main causes of climate change

What’s more, our everyday energy use

is adding to this build-up of CO2 More than 40% of CO2 emissions are the direct result of actions taken by individuals Every time we use non-renewable electricity, drive a car or take a fl ight, we’re producing

CO2, as all of these actions largely depend

on fossil fuels And every tonne we emit commits the world to more warming

That’s why it’s up to us all to do something about it Now

e

1903

Wright brothers make their fi rst fl ight

features electric

commercial air routes from

the US to the Orient via

Canada, Alaska and Russia

1939

First trans-Atlantic passenger service

fl own by Pan American

1952

First regular jet airline service

1958

More than 1million passengers

fl y across the Atlantic, surpassing steamship

Climate change is big news Increasing

media coverage has helped raise

awareness of local and global issues

and has sparked action around

the country

Individuals, schools, community

groups, NGOs, businesses and

the government are now all involved

in projects to tackle the causes

of climate change

In 2006, 83 Climate Change Fund

(CCF) projects were selected to

receive funding from Defra to help

spread the word on climate change

and encourage others to get involved

Go to www.climatechallenge.gov.uk

and click on ‘What’s being done’

to fi nd out more about projects in

Costa del Marches, a short fi lm about climate

change, was created for screening throughout the rural West Midlands Working with partners Marches Energy Agency and Flicks

in the Sticks, the project team is increasing awareness and discussion of climate change issues in rural communities.

Project:

Organisation:

1951

1.5 million

1971

Boeing 747 makes its

fi rst commercial fl ight from

New York to London

1997

EU deregulation of the air industry in Europe;

East of England

On target for carbon neutral football Ipswich Borough Council

Targeting Ipswich Town Football Club’s strong fan base, this project communicates climate change through press, radio and football programmes Fans were encouraged to reduce their carbon emissions, and the campaign culminated in the UK’s fi rst carbon neutral football match.

Other regional CCF projects There are another

22 projects that cover the whole of England.

Asian Voice newspaper

Cambridge Carbon Footprint

Asian Voice, a widely read and well-trusted

newspaper, agreed to include a regular column

on climate change Written by a member of Cambridge Carbon Footprint, the column helps raise awareness of environmental issues among the UK’s Asian community

Project:

Organisation:

All England

Climate Change – Together

we can beat it!

Bradford Metropolitan District Council

This project aims to inform, educate and

raise awareness of climate change through

a targeted marketing campaign Press

ads, billboards and events encourage the

community to see climate change as a local

issue and to take simple steps to help

Project:

Organisation:

Because everyone needs to take

responsibility for climate change,

everyone needs to know about it

That’s why it’s important for people

not only to think about it, but to

get involved

In 2006, Defra ran a competition to

fi nd nine Climate Change Champions

aged 10 to 18 from across England

The Champions have been busy

tackling climate change and will be

in offi ce until autumn 2007

The Champions are making a big

difference Find out more about what

Aazim, Carri, David, Jordan, Lucy, Sarah,

Sofi a, Stephanie and Zoheb are doing

at www.climatechallenge.gov.uk

You can see short fi lms and read their

blogs and news articles about how they are

spreading the word about climate change

Photo: Gurschen Glacier, Switzerland

The Champions saw fi rst hand the effects of climate change on this Swiss glacier They are pictured here marking the position of the glacier’s lower limit during the year they were born.

Industry and technology

Rudolf Diesel develops

the Carnot heat engine,

a motor burning

1896

Svante Arrhenius proposes

a link between fossil fuels, carbon dioxide and global warming

1924

Based on 1920 coal use, prediction made that industrial activity will double atmospheric

Yorkshire and The Humber

Lucy Stansfi eld

South West

We are the Champions!

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are

caused in part as a direct result of

our everyday activities The following

all result in CO2 being emitted into

the atmosphere:

• burning fuel to heat our homes

• using electricity to power

our lights and appliances

• using fuel to power

our vehicles

The total amount of CO2 generated

by these activities is normally measured in tonnes

On average, each household in the

UK directly produces about 10 tonnes

of carbon dioxide every year

We also contribute CO2 to the atmosphere indirectly through the manufacture, distribution and disposal of the products we consume, including food

footprint i

1980s

Rapid industrial development

begins in China – pace set for

next 20 years unprecedented

The CO2 produced as a result of the actions of an individual, a household or

an organisation is sometimes referred

to as a ‘carbon footprint’

Our footprints add up The UK as a whole emitted 554 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2005 If we all tread lightly and minimise our footprints, our collective impact on the environment will be signifi cantly reduced In this way, we can all contribute to tackling climate change

* These are approximate values based

on the underlying data used in the

Act on CO 2 calculator, see page 10.

40%

of the average household’s

carbon footprint comes

from personal transport,

i.e cars, motorbikes

and fl ights.*

60%

of the average household’s

carbon footprint comes

from home heating,

lighting and

appliance use.*

The CO 2 emissions from the home come from:

75%

water and space heating, and lighting25%

use of appliances.

1827

Jean Baptiste Fourier proposes

the existence of an

earth-warming atmospheric effect

The term ‘greenhouse effect’

Calculating your iii

carbon i footprint i

You can now work out how big your

carbon footprint is by using the

Government’s Act On CO2 calculator

at www.direct.gov.uk/ActOnCO2

The calculator focuses on the three

most signifi cant areas where our actions

lead directly to CO2 emissions:

• household heating, hot water

and lighting

• appliances and gadgets

• personal transport

The calculator will ask you for information

about each of these areas and will then

work out your individual and/or household

footprints It also gives you a personalised

action plan to help you reduce your

carbon footprint, which you can then save

and return to later

Turn your heating thermostat down by 1ºC

It could save you 10% in heating bills Generally, a comfortable living room temperature is around 21ºC, while the bedroom should

be comfortable at 16–18ºC.

Turn gadget

Don’t leave g mobile phone and games co when not in u

Close your curtains at night

It stops heat escaping through your windows.

Once you’ve calculated your own carbon dioxide footprint, you can work out ways to reduce it It’s easier than you think Here are some ideas to get you started.

Geo-political

1900

World population stands at 1.6 billion

1950s

Dramatic increase

in carbon dioxide emissions

emissions cut by 2005

Only fi ll the kettle with

the water you need

You waste energy if you boil

more water than necessary.

adgets off

eave gadgets – such as TVs,

phone chargers, computers

mes consoles – on standby

Insulate your loft

You can typically save 0.4

tonnes of CO 2 a year, and

nearly 10% on your heating bill.

If you can, try alternatives to the car for short journeys

Walking, cycling or using public transport will help reduce your carbon footprint.

Buy energy-effi cient appliances

Look for fridges, freezers and washing machines with the Energy Saving Recommended logo and save money and energy.

Selecting the 30ºC cycle cuts electricity use by up to 40%, compared with washing clothes

at higher temperatures.

1975

World population reaches 4 billion

of adults said that they are already taking some action

of young people believe that the world’s climate is changing

Figuring out i

When you are making a communication

plan, one of the fi rst steps is to

understand what people think about

climate change now

Defra has been tracking public

awareness and understanding of

climate change To fi nd out more, go to

www.climatechallenge.gov.uk and

look at ‘What do people think?’ in the

‘Communicate climate change’ section

Here are some of the latest statistics:

study climate change at school, and

Almost

of young people

of young people feel that

they should spend more

time learning about it

1988

Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change (IPCC) is set up by the World Meteorological

1990

IPCC’s fi rst report states that the average world temperature has increased

by 0.5°C since the beginning

Discovery of link between

atmospheric carbon dioxide

levels and temperature, going back

more than 100,000 years

of adults think that climate change is caused by human behaviour

think that the Government can infl uence climate change

of adults

Kyoto Protocol agrees to binding cuts in emissions for industrialised nations

to be met between 2008 and 2012

12/13

of adults think that recent warmer weather is part of climate change Just

young people say

that they could use

less energy at home

of adults have heard of climate change

of young people think

that they can personally

have a big infl uence on

climate change

of adults

and

Source: Adult research conducted by ICM for Defra among a representative sample of approximately 3,100 adults

in the UK Four waves were conducted six-monthly from March 2005 All fi gures are taken from the March 2007 research unless otherwise stated Research on young people conducted by LVQ among a representative sample of approximately 750 11–17-year-olds in England in May 2006.

of young people think that the world is affected

by climate change; a third think that it will become affected in the next two decades

thought so in March 2006

Communicating i

Let’s talk about it

To encourage people to make a difference you need to get themessage out

Think about what your audienceneeds to know and how they might

be able to change their actions

in simple ways that will help the environment The clearer you can

be about what you want them to do, the better

You know your audience best – what are they most likely to respond to?

Creating a communicationsplan Consider the followingideas when planning yourcommunications:

Messages Create some simplemessages Would they work better

in a press release, in a report or

on a website?

Tone of voice If you’re speaking

in public, it helps to use one style of language; if you’re writing a press release, it helps to use another.Partners If you can link your message to another issue, you might

be able to share resources

Timing Your message might be effective, but if your email gets delivered when everyone’s too busy with other things, it won’t be read

1998

Hottest year on record

in the hottest decade

on record

Budget You’ve got a clear idea

of how much money you’ve got,

and what it will buy There are

ways of getting information into

newspapers and magazines for free

For example, you could use a press

release or an article instead of an ad

Ask the audience what they

think Did it work for them?

Did they understand what you

were trying to say? Did it make a

difference? All of this information is

valuable for your next campaign

Choosing the right channel There

are thousands of different ways to

communicate your message, but it’s

important to use those that will be

most effective for you

Here are some examples:

• Traditional media – newspapers, radio stations,

TV stations, magazines

• Events – speeches, conferences, forums

• New media – websites, email, text messages

• Partnership marketing – promotions, sponsorship, special offers

• Internal communications – reports, brochures, newsletters

• Direct marketing – direct mail, cold calling

14/15

2005

Kyoto Protocol comes into force

2005

G8 Gleneagles Summit;

climate change one

of two main issues

2005

Hurricane Katrina devastates New Orleans;

researchers link record US hurricane season and melting sea ice and Siberian permafrost