Tài liệu Module 13: Using Excel as an OLAP Client docx

Microsoft Excel 2000, a major component of Office 2000, provides powerful online analytical processing OLAP functionality to developers and users.. Office 2000 OLAP Components Begin by d

Contents

Overview 1

Lab A: Creating PivotTables and

PivotCharts 14

Creating OLAP-Enabled Web Pages 24

Lab B: Working with Local Cubes and Web

Pages 26

Review 29

Module 13: Using Excel

as an OLAP Client

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Instructor Notes

Microsoft® PivotTable® Service (PTS) is bundled with Microsoft Office 2000 PTS works not only with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Analysis Services, but also with data sources such as relational databases

Microsoft Excel 2000, a major component of Office 2000, provides powerful online analytical processing (OLAP) functionality to developers and users This module is an overview of Excel 2000 OLAP features It gives students the opportunity to create and manipulate the various Office 2000 OLAP interfaces After completing this module, students will be able to:

! Understand the various Microsoft Office 2000 OLAP features

! Create a PivotTable from an OLAP cube

! Create PivotCharts

! Create local cube files

! Create a Web page containing Pivot Web components

Materials and Preparation

This section lists the required materials and preparation tasks that you need to teach this module

Required Materials

To teach this module, you need the following materials:

! Microsoft PowerPoint® file 2074A_13.ppt

Preparation Tasks

To prepare for this module, you should:

! Read all the student materials

! Read the instructor notes and margin notes

! Complete the demonstration

! Practice integrating the demonstrations with the lecture

! Complete the labs

! Review the Trainer Preparation presentation for this module on the Trainer Materials compact disc

! Review any relevant white papers that are located on the Trainer Materials compact disc

Presentation:

30 Minutes

Lab:

30 Minutes

Demonstration: Creating a PivotTable

The following demonstration procedures provide information that will not fit in the margin notes or is not appropriate for student notes

In this demonstration, you will learn how to create a PivotTable that connects to OLAP cubes

! To restore a new database and define a data source

1 In Analysis Manager, right-click the server, click Restore Database, click the Look in list, click the file C:\Moc\2074A\Labfiles\L13\Module 13.CAB, click Open, click Restore, and then click Close

2 Double-click Module 13 to expand the database

3 Below Module 13, double-click the Data Sources folder, right-click the Module 13 data source, and then click Edit

4 Click the Connection tab of the Data Link Properties dialog box, and then verify that localhost is selected in step 1

5 In step 2, verify that Use Windows NT Integrated security is selected

6 In step 3, verify that Module 13 is selected

7 Click Test Connection and verify that the test succeeded Click OK twice

! To define a data source

1 Click Start, point to Programs, and then click Microsoft Excel

2 From the empty Excel worksheet, click the Data menu, and then click PivotTable and PivotChart Report

Step1 of the PivotTable and PivotChart Report Wizard appears

3 From the Where is the data you want to analyze pane, click External data source, and then click Next

Step 2 of the wizard appears, which contains a button to specify the external data source

4 Click Get Data

Microsoft Query starts and the Choose Data Source dialog box opens

5 Click the OLAP Cubes tab and then click <New Data Source> from the list Click OK

Demonstration:

10 Minutes

! To define the cube

1 In the Create New Data Source dialog box, type Sales for the data source

in entry 1

2 For entry 2, click Microsoft OLE DB Provider for OLAP Services 8.0 from the list, and then click Connect

The Multidimensional Connection dialog box appears

3 Click the Analysis Server option, and type localhost in the Server box Click Next

A list of databases defined on the Analysis Server displays

4 From the database list, click the Module 13 database, and then click Finish The Create New Data Source dialog box appears again

5 For entry 4, click the Sales cube from the list Click OK to close the dialog

6 The Choose Data Source dialog box appears again Click OK

7 Step 2 of the PivotTable Wizard appears again Click Next and then click Finish

A skeletal PivotTable report appears on the worksheet, along with a PivotTable toolbar that displays all the dimensions and measures in the cube

Note

Other Activities

Difficult Questions

Below are difficult questions that students may ask you during the delivery of this module and answers to the questions These materials delve into subjects that are within the scope of the module but are not specifically addressed in the content of the student notes

1 Can you export an Office PivotList back to an Excel PivotTable report?

Yes To do so, click the Export To Excel toolbar button Interestingly, if you show only selected levels in a PivotTable list and then export that list to Excel, the resulting PivotTable report will include only the selected levels

2 Can you update the subtotal labels in a PivotTable so that they match the total of only the visible cells?

Unfortunately, you cannot make the subtotals match the total of only visible cells However, you can turn off subtotals for dimensions

3 What happens if the PivotTable toolbar becomes small and does not include all the dimensions and measures?

Click the PivotTable in the worksheet The toolbar should return to its original state

4 How do you retrieve the PivotTable toolbar if you accidentally close it?

Right-click the Excel toolbar, and click PivotTable from the list of possible toolbars

5 Does an Office PivotList support events?

If you write Microsoft Visual Basic® code and are familiar with creating event handlers to react to the behavior of users, you might be interested

to know that an Office PivotList supports events for numerous user actions In contrast, an Excel PivotTable report does not have any events

Module Strategy

Use the following strategy to present this module:

! Office 2000 OLAP Components Begin by defining the Office 2000 OLAP components—PivotTable Services, Excel 2000 PivotTables, Office Pivot Web control, and local cubes—and describe how each component is used to access OLAP data

! Using Excel PivotTables

In this section, you show how to create, manipulate, and format a PivotTable based on an OLAP cube Integrate your lecture with a demonstration First, show how to define the data source Next, show how

to use the PivotTable toolbar and how to drill down and pivot in a PivotTable Describe how to use various methods that enhance PivotTable reports, such as filtering and refreshing Finish the section by describing various formatting options for PivotTables

! Using PivotCharts Explain that Excel 2000 creates PivotChart® reports that are fully interactive and integrated with PivotTable reports Emphasize that a PivotChart is always linked to a PivotTable Describe the two methods of creating a PivotChart and integrate your lecture with a demonstration showing students how to create a PivotChart from an existing PivotTable report Finish by describing some unique characteristics of PivotCharts

! Working with Local Cubes Define local cubes as structurally complete OLAP cubes that reside on client computers Compare and contrast local cubes and server-based cubes Explain that you can create a local cube from either an OLAP source or a relational source Combine your lecture with a demonstration showing how

to create a local cube from an OLAP source

! Creating OLAP Enabled-Web Pages Explain to students that Office 2000 makes it easy to create Web pages from Office documents Describe and show how to create a Web page from a PivotTable report, combining the lecture and demonstration Next, describe how to manipulate a PivotList—using the Field List, adding and removing items, and filtering and pivoting

Overview

Microsoft® PivotTable® Service (PTS) is bundled with Microsoft Office 2000 PTS works not only with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Analysis Services, but also with other data sources, such as relational databases

Microsoft Excel 2000, a major component of Office 2000, provides powerful online analytical processing (OLAP) functionality to developers and users This module is an overview of Excel 2000 OLAP features It gives you the opportunity to create and manipulate the various Office 2000 OLAP interfaces After completing this module, you will be able to:

! Understand the various Office 2000 OLAP features

! Create a PivotTable from an OLAP cube

! Create PivotCharts

! Create local cube files

! Create a Web page containing Pivot Web components

In this module, you will learn

about the OLAP

components available in

Office 2000

Office 2000 OLAP Components

PivotTable Service

PivotTable Service (PTS) is the mandatory client component for querying Analysis Server

While PTS is a component of Analysis Services, it is also bundled with Office

2000 PTS places OLAP functionality on every Office 2000 desktop, regardless

of whether users have access to an Analysis Server

PTS has no built-in user interface It is an invisible component that provides OLAP functionality to Excel 2000, third-party applications, and custom applications PTS provides the OLE DB for OLAP and Microsoft ActiveX®

Data Objects (Multidimensional) (ADO MD) object interface

Because PTS communicates with relational databases, PTS provides OLAP functionality for organizations that do not use Analysis Server

You do not need to install PTS on every client computer To provide OLAP capability in a thin-client environment that does not require much memory usage on client computers, you can install PTS on another computer that acts as a middle tier and provides OLAP access for the client computers

These are the Office 2000

OLAP components that are

discussed in this module

Delivery Tips

Briefly describe each of the

components and define how

they are used to access

OLAP data

Except for PTS, do not go

into detail, because each

component is covered later

in the module

Tip

Excel 2000 PivotTables

In Excel 2000, PivotTables are Analysis Server-aware and, more precisely, OLE DB for OLAP-aware As a result, you use PivotTables to analyze large data sets, unlike earlier versions of Excel

An Excel PivotTable is not the same object as PivotTable Service (PTS) However, Excel uses PTS when manipulating PivotTables

PivotTables provide basic OLAP functionality to Excel users They provide an

intuitive interface that allows slice and dice functionality—pivoting, drill-down,

drill-up, and so on

In addition, charts are now OLAP-aware and provide OLAP functionality with direct manipulation of the chart

In order to create PivotTables based on external data from OLAP or relational databases, you must install Microsoft Query Query is not installed by default as part of the Office 2000 installation You must specify it explicitly during setup

Office Pivot Web Control

Several ActiveX components are bundled with Office 2000 and are designed for use on Web pages, Microsoft Visual Basic® forms, and other ActiveX

PTS supports the ability to create local cubes derived from an Analysis Server

or from a relational source This feature is available to users in two forms:

! Excel 2000 contains an interface for defining local cubes that is covered in this module

! Local cubes can be created programmatically

Note

# Using Excel PivotTables

In versions of Excel before version 2000, a PivotTable report used a cache method for providing values to the report In this method, the PivotTable imported values from an Excel list or a database table, and stored the values in memory When a user manipulated the PivotTable report, the report retrieved necessary values from the memory cache

memory-PivotTable reports have been an extremely popular feature of Excel, but the memory-cache method for retrieving values limited the amount of data that could be manipulated

In Office 2000, Excel provides a second method for providing values to a PivotTable report—an OLAP cube A PivotTable report can now communicate with the PivotTable Service to retrieve values from Analysis Server

In this section, you learn how to create, manipulate, and format a PivotTable based on an Analysis Server cube

Topic Objective

To introduce the concept of

PivotTables

Lead-in

In this section, you learn

how to create, manipulate,

and format a PivotTable

your lecture from the

slide-driven sections with a

demonstration of building

and manipulating a

PivotTable report from the

Module 13 Sales cube

Encourage students to

follow you on their

computers In the following

lab, students are asked to

build a PivotTable report by

using the wizard

Defining a Data Source

Creating an Excel PivotTable report based on an OLAP cube is a straightforward process You use the Excel PivotTable Report Wizard, which uses the Microsoft Query application to define and create an OLAP query file The OLAP query file provides all the information necessary to connect to the OLAP Server cube When Microsoft Query returns control to the Excel PivotTable Report Wizard, the wizard uses the OLAP query file to connect to the server cube

You can connect to a regular cube, a virtual cube, or a linked cube in a PivotTable Before you can connect to a cube—whether regular, virtual, or linked—the cube must be processed and available for client queries In addition, you must be given security access to the cubes on the Analysis Server before you can connect to them

After you create the PivotTable report, neither Microsoft Query nor the OLAP query file is used again unless you want to create a new PivotTable report The first time you build a PivotTable against an OLAP cube, there are many steps involved A number of these steps relate to defining a data source

Defining the source is a one-time process per cube per client computer

Topic Objective

To define a data source in

Excel

Lead-in

The first time you build a

PivotTable against an OLAP

cube, there are many steps

involved, including the

definition of a data source

Delivery Tips

Begin your informal

demonstration starting with

this procedure for defining

an OLAP cube and an Excel

In the lab that follows,

students will create

PivotTable reports on their

own

Key Point

You can connect to a

regular cube or to a virtual

cube in a PivotTable Before

you can connect to a cube,

either regular or virtual, the

cube must be processed

and available for client

queries In addition, you

must be given security

access to the cubes on the

Analysis Server before you

can connect to them

Interacting with a PivotTable

An Excel PivotTable report is similar in some ways to the cube browser included with the Analysis Manager, but it allows more control over the appearance of the resulting values

A PivotTable report consists of four areas The first three areas—the Page Fields area, the Column Fields area, and the Row Fields area—contain member

names, and are called axes The fourth area, the Data Items area, contains the

values of the measures

The PivotTable Toolbar

The PivotTable toolbar contains one button for each measure, plus one button for each non-measure dimension Following are the button identifications:

! A single row of buttons in the toolbar contains either measures or dimensions, but not both

! An icon at the left of the row of buttons indicates whether the buttons in the row are measures or dimensions

! You can drag measure buttons—and only measures—to the data area

! You can drag buttons for other dimensions—but not measures—to any of the axes—page, column, or row

If a dimension or measure has a long name, the toolbar button does not show the entire name If you hover the mouse over a button, Excel displays a screen tip showing the full name and an additional indicator of whether the button is a dimension or a measure

A PivotTable report consists

of four areas The first three

areas—the page area, the

column area, and the row

area—contain member

names, and are called axes

The fourth area, the data

area, contains the values of

the measures

Delivery Tips

Continue with the informal

demonstration showing

various selection, pivot, and

drill down operations

Encourage students to

follow along with your

informal demonstration,

including trying out toolbar

options on their own

In the lab that follows,

students will create

PivotTable reports on their

own

The following are things you can do from the toolbar to arrange the layout of the PivotTable:

! Drag one or more dimensions from the PivotTable toolbar to the Row Fields area

! Drag one or more dimensions to the Column Fields area

! Drag one or more dimensions to the Page Fields area

! Drag at least one measure to the Data Items area—a PivotTable must have

at least one data item

You can place more than one dimension in the page, row, and column regions You can pivot page, row, and column data to the other axes by dragging the dimension tiles

Drilling Down in Dimensions

Much of the benefit of working with an OLAP cube is the ability to drill down

to detailed members, and to drill back up to see higher-level members An Excel PivotTable report allows you to navigate members in this manner, either one at a time, or all the members of a level together

To drill-down a dimension hierarchy, double-click the member The children of the member are displayed unless the member is already at the bottom level You can also drill down on a member by selecting the member label and

clicking Show Detail on the PivotTable toolbar Click Hide Detail to drill up

Working with PivotTables

The following are additional capabilities that enhance the ability to manage the data and organization of a PivotTable report

Filtering

You use page fields—slicer dimensions, in OLAP terminology—to filter the

data in a PivotTable Click the dropdown arrow next to the member name, and select a member from the outline to act as the filter

When you select a member in a page field, the entire PivotTable report retrieves data for that one member of the dimension If you want to include multiple members from a dimension, move the dimension from the page field to a column or a row field

Highlighting a Structured Selection

Structured selection is a feature that simplifies viewing complex PivotTables When you click a member, data pertaining to that member is highlighted, even when the cells are not contiguous

To select cells in this manner, point just to the left of a row member, or just above a column member, until the mouse pointer becomes a small black arrow, and then click the member

The following are additional

capabilities that enhance the

ability to manage the data

In the lab that follows,

students will create

PivotTable reports on their

own

Displaying Specific Members

When a dimension is oriented as a row or a column, by default all the members

of the displayed level are shown However, there may be occasions when you want to show only certain members

Use the drop-down arrows next to the dimension names Clicking a drop-down arrow causes an outline to be displayed Select the check boxes for members you want to display, and clear the check boxes for the members you want to hide Two small check marks will cause a drill-down—that is, the children of the member to be displayed

To avoid this problem, you can automate the refresh process Right-click any

cell in the PivotTable and then click Table Options This displays the PivotTable Options dialog box Select the Refresh on Open check box The

PivotTable then automatically refreshes when the workbook opens

Formatting PivotTables

You use the PivotTable Options dialog box to implement various formatting

options You can access this dialog box by right-clicking any cell in the

PivotTable and then clicking Table Options

There are other ways to apply formatting to PivotTables and PivotTable cells:

! Applying AutoFormats The easiest way to format a PivotTable is by using an AutoFormat Right-

click any cell in the PivotTable, and then click Format Report The AutoFormat dialog box opens You then choose from a gallery of styles

The AutoFormat persists, even as you manipulate the PivotTable

! Formatting cells You can format specific cells in a PivotTable by right-clicking the cell and

clicking Format Cells

! Formatting Measures Another method for formatting a measure is to right-click any single cell in

the given measure and click Field Settings Next, click the Number button

to display Excel’s standard numerical formatting dialog

The advantage of this technique is that the formatting is applied to the entire measure, even if the cells are not contiguous, and the formatting persists even as the measure is pivoted

A PivotTable report has

many formatting options

You will learn about some of

the most useful ones

In the lab that follows,

students will create

PivotTable reports on their

own

Using PivotCharts

In Excel versions before Excel 2000, it was possible to create charts based on the data in a PivotTable However, such charts were not entirely integrated with PivotTables—for example, the chart would not update properly to synchronize with changes in the PivotTable layout

Excel 2000 creates Microsoft PivotChart® reports that are fully interactive and integrated with PivotTable reports A PivotChart is always linked to a

PivotTable For example:

! Changing a PivotTable report automatically updates a PivotChart

! Manipulating buttons on a PivotChart changes the layout of the PivotTable report

Because of this linkage, there is no way, for example, to create a chart that shows dates as the X-axis labels if that chart is based on a PivotTable that shows dates as column headings Moving the dates to the X-axis of the chart will move dates to the row axis of the PivotTable report

If you want the layout of a PivotTable report to be independent of a PivotChart report, you must copy the PivotTable report before creating the PivotChart

PivotChart reports that are

fully interactive and

integrated with PivotTable

In the lab that follows,

students will create

PivotCharts on their own