Other techniques used by home teams to cheat include increasing the heat in the visitor’s locker room to make the athletes sluggish.. And some schools even use psychological tricks such [r]
Trang 1LESSON 9 – March 09, 2016 WRITING 1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first, using the word given.
1 Somebody stole the jewels from the museum STOLEN
.from the museum
2 It is possible that Mr Brown dropped this book MIGHT
Mr Brown the book
3 I’m sure there’s a clue here somewhere MUST
There here somewhere
4 Don’t go to see that film – it’s not very good WORTH
It’s not to see that film
5 I went to work at the newspaper because I wanted to see how they cover a story
ORDER
I went to work at the newspaper how they cover a story
I the tickets
7 ‘Do you realise where you are?’ he asked IF
He asked
8 I would really love to be in the Caribbean right now ONLY
.in the Caribbean right now
9 I really want my boyfriend to stop wearing his old jeans WISH
I wearing his old jeans
10 ‘What are you doing here?’ he asked ME
He asked doing there
WORD FORMS Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in
bold.
1 The asked a lot of questions DETECT
2 I don’t know for sure, but I have my about him SUSPECT
3 I want to be a when I grow up RESEARCH
4 There have been a lot of in this area lately BURGLE
5 There were over 500 for the job APPLY
6 The really annoyed me during the football match COMMENT
7 He’s a He leaves the house at 5a.m and doesn’t come back until after 8p.m
WORK
8 My brother was for a while after he left his old job EMPLOY
9 My dad works in the industry ADVERT
10 The was sent to prison for five years THEFT
READING 1 Choose the word or form (A, B, C or D) that best completes the text.
Are you (1) music? One of the most common crimes among the young is illegal
(2) of music Lots of people are doing it, even though we know that really we are
(3) the law, but as long as nobody is ever punished, there’s little incentive to stop
doing it But the people in the music business are starting to fight back because it is the
biggest threat to their industry
Fifteen-year-old Melissa Clarke was one of the first to be taken to court for
intellectual (4) She had transferred over twenty hours of music to her computer and
had been adding to her collection for over four years when her luck finally (5) Her
computer was taken away as (6) when the police came to arrest her.
The fifteen-year-old was found (7) and given a fine of £4,500 Her father will be
paying the fine as he is legally responsible for his daughter He was unusually calm about the situation While he agreed with the judge’s decision, he didn’t blame her ‘All
of her friends (8) the Internet these days and download music without paying
It’s the first time she has ever (9) a crime and we’re sure she’s learnt her lesson.’
A spokesperson from the industry was happy with the court decision ‘We are all
(10) the changes that we are seeing in the media business, but we have to make sure
that artists receive fair payment The only way we can guarantee the quality of music
in the future is to make sure that people who want to listen to the music pay a fair price.’ It’s a message Melissa has learnt very well
2 A downloading B clicking C surfing D uploading
3 A failing B breaking C cutting D keeping
5 A ran up against B ran out C ran through D ran into
6 A force B suspicions C arrest D evidence
7 A guilty B innocent C suspect D witness
WRITING 2 Rewrite each sentence, using a participle clause.
1 Norman collected the parcel, but then he realised it was the wrong one
After
2 Sue left the house but first she checked that she had her keys
Before
3 Mark was parking his car when he noticed the wing-mirror was broken
While
4 Julia cleaned the house, but then she fell asleep on the sofa
After
5 Brian bought a new television, but first he checked all the prices
Before
6 Alan was skiing in Switzerland and met his old friend, Ken
While
7 Kate took two aspirins, and then she felt a lot better
After
8 Sheila went out for the evening, but first she washed her hair
Before
9 Dad went out again as soon as he came home
Right after
10 Mum telephoned home only when she arrived at the airport
Not until
Trang 2READING 2 CHEATING IN SPORTS
Sports are about competition The goal of every athlete, or every team, is to win
Unfortunately, two factors have been pushing American sports in an unhealthy
direction One of these factors is the obsession with winning, no matter what the cost.
The other factor is money These two factors put extreme pressure on both players and
coaches to focus single-mindedly on winning This has resulted in a problem that is
spreading and becoming more serious That problem is cheating
Of course, there are rules in all sports to penalize cheating So coaches and players
have had to come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules.
Getting a competitive edge, even unfairly, is seen as a “strategy” rather than cheating
Illegal acts are now even being accepted as part of the game Coaches encourage
players to cheat, or coaches simply look the other way when they know players commit
illegal acts during games And referees rarely do anything to discourage cheating, or
they impose minimal penalties.
A professor of sports and recreation, Dr James Frey, introduced the term, “normative
cheating” to refer to the methods of cheating commonly used in sports today This
refers to strategies used to create conditions of some advantage over an opponent
These strategies do not actually break the rules Instead, coaches and players have
learned how to use loopholes in the rules to gain a competitive advantage.
There are many forms of normative cheating In basketball, for example, it is common
for a player to pretend to be fouled in order to receive an undeserved foulshot In
football, players are typically coached to use illegal techniques to hold or trip
opponents without referees noticing
And in baseball, home teams often “doctor” their fields to suit their strengths and
minimize the strengths of their opponents For example, if a home team knows they will
face a fast team, they will spread water or sand between bases to slow down the runners
of the other team Other techniques used by home teams to cheat include increasing the
heat in the visitor’s locker room to make the athletes sluggish And some schools even
use psychological tricks such as painting the visitor’s locker room pink, a colour said to
reduce strength and make people less aggressive
Normative cheating extends to off-the-field areas of sports as well Colleges compete
to recruit the best high school players in the country Although there are rules about
when and how often colleges can contact recruits, coaches are adept at bending these
rules For instance, it is against the rules to send newspaper clippings about a university
sports team to players being recruited However, if a newspaper clipping is attached to
the back of a letter, it is technically OK, even if the letter has only one sentence
Normative cheating has even crept into American high school sports If a good athlete
wants to play for a school far away from where he lives, he may move to the home of a
relative or friend that does live near that school That way, he technically lives within
the school district of his new school He has obeyed the letter of the law, but not the
spirit
I Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading.
1 Both coaches and athletes are to blame for widespread cheating in sports
2 Pink is a good color for a locker room
3 Not all forms of cheating break the rules of sports
4 There are rules against cheating in sports
II Choose the best answer.
1 What is the definition of “normative cheating”?
A Cheating by changing the rules
B Cheating normally used to break rules
C Cheating that gives an edge within the rules
D Cheating that is easily noticed
2 Which is NOT an example of normative cheating?
A Acting as if you have been hit by another player
B Creating a bad atmosphere in another team’s area
C Hitting another player on purpose to hurt the player
D Hold or trip opponents without referees noticing
3 Which statement would the writer probably agree with?
A Athletes who cheat should be banned from participating in sports
B Everybody cheats, and there is nothing we can do to stop it
C If cheating is not controlled, sports will suffer more and more
D Just because an action is technically not cheating doesn’t mean that it is OK to do
III For the next two questions, look for the answers in the passage and write them on the lines provided.
1 What is primarily responsible for the increase in cheating in sports?
2 How has normative cheating made its way into high school sports?
IV Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the list Use each phrase only once.
normative cheating cheating is illegal loopholes in rules
a team might undeserved foul shot athletes and coaches
Because some (1) are single-minded and focused on winning no matter what the cost, cheating has become more common in sports Of course, (2) , so players and coaches have come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules They have found (3) that allow them to cheat to get an advantage over opponents This kind of cheating is called (4) One example of this kind of cheating is when a player pretends to be fouled in order to get a(n) (5) Or (6) set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to make players on that team sluggish during the game
V Fill in each blank with the best word from the list Use each word only once.
spectators umpires tactics leagues injured season
1 Baseball has , not referees
2 The baseball starts in early spring
3 There were over 10,000 at the stadium for the final game of the World Series
4 Many sports have amateur and professional that athletes play in
5 The hockey player his leg in the game
6 Some teams use unfair to try to win For example, they try to hurt the other players so they can’t play as well
Trang 3KEY TO LESSON 9 WRITING 1.
1.The jewels were stolen 2 might have dropped
5 in order to see 6 remember getting
7 if I/we realised where I was/we were 8 If only I were
9 wish my boyfriend would stop 10 me what I was
WORD FORMS.
1 detective 2 suspicions 3 researcher 4 burglaries 5 applicants
6 commentator 7 workaholic 8 unemployed 9 advertising 10 thief
READING 1.
1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 C
WRITING 2.
1 After collecting the parcel, Norman realised it was the wrong one
2 Before leaving the house, Sue checked that she had her keys
3 While parking his car Mark noticed the wing-mirror was broken
4 After cleaning the house, Julia fell asleep on the sofa
5 Before buying a new television, Brian checked all the prices
6 While skiing in Switzerland Alan met his old friend, Ken
7 After taking two aspirins, Kate felt a lot better
8 Before going out for the evening, but first Sheila washed her hair
9 Right after coming home Dad went out again
10 Not until arriving at the airport did Mum telephone home
READING 2.
I True or False. 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T
II Multiple Choice 1 C 2 C 3 D
III Short Answers
1 Pressure because of funding and an unhealthy need to win
2 Good athletes who move away from their home to the home of a relative or friend to play for a far-off school
IV 1 athletes and coaches 2 cheating is illegal 3 loopholes in rules
4 normative cheating 5 undeserved foul shot 6 a team might
V 1 umpires 2 season 3 spectators 4 leagues
5 injured 6 tactics