Tài liệu Master toefl vocabulary part 16 pptx

chapter 7143 OVERVIEW • Suffixes • Strategies for learning suffixes • How suffixes work • Suffixes that describe state of being • Suffixes that indicate occupations • Suffixes that show

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Putting It Together

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SUMMING IT UP

chapter 7

143

OVERVIEW

• Suffixes

• Strategies for learning suffixes

• How suffixes work

• Suffixes that describe state of being

• Suffixes that indicate occupations

• Suffixes that show resemblance

• Suffixes that show amount

• Twelve useful suffixes

• Summing it up

SUFFIXES

Suffixes are used either to form new words or show the function of a word For

example, the suffix -ist or -ian added to a noun describes people, forming words

like “motorist” and “musician.”

In this chapter, you will learn some common suffixes that identify nouns, verbs,

adjectives, and adverbs to help you recognize errors in word forms You can also

improve your vocabulary as you learn how these common suffixes change words

from one part of speech to another

STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING SUFFIXES

Remember that suffixes or word forms are the most common type of error tested

on the TOEFL

fields and the people who work in the field (botany, botanical, a botanist)

development)

believe)

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HOW SUFFIXES WORK

Suffixes Are Added to the End of Roots to Create Many Words

In the same way that prefixes are placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning,

suffixes are placed at the end to change a word’s meaning Here are some examples:

Suffixes Are Always Attached to Words Without a Break

Even though you may have seen the suffix written with a hyphen (as in -eous, -ion, -ment), the suffix is attached without a hyphen The following chart shows some examples:

Suffixes Are Different Lengths

As with prefixes, suffixes can be as short as one letter or far longer The following chart shows some examples:

disseminate widely

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TIP

Whenever you come upon an unfamiliar word, first check to see if it has a recog-nizable root.

Suffixes Can Affect How a Word Functions in a Sentence

Unlike prefixes, suffixes can create a part of speech For example, adding a suffix can

change a word from a verb to an adjective, as in risk to risky.

Adjective

The following suffixes show that a word is an adjective (word that describes):

Noun

The following suffixes show that a word is a noun (person, place, or thing):

Verb

The following suffixes show that a word is a verb (action or state of being):

If you know a word’s part of speech, you can figure out how it is being used—even if you

don’t know its meaning Study the following examples:

office or right

state or nation to another

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Suffixes Can Change a Word’s Tense (or Time)

For instance, adding -d or -ed makes a present-tense verb into a past-tense verb, as the

following chart shows:

to another

Adding a Suffix to the End of a Word Changes the Word’s Meaning

For example: kitchen becomes kitchenette, the diminutive

Just as knowing a small number of prefixes and roots can help you figure out many unfamiliar words, so knowing a few everyday suffixes can help you decode many testworthy words

Vocabulary Builder 1

Directions: There are fifteen words hidden in this word-find puzzle Some

of the words have already been covered in this chapter, but others are new

To complete the puzzle, locate and circle all the words The words may be written forward, backward, or upside down

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Vocabulary Builder 1 Answers

phrase used to show contempt

10 expunged: to rub out; obliterate

11 extradited: to give up a criminal from one state or nation to another

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12 vacillation: indecision

13 promulgated: publish or disseminate widely

14 abstemious: moderate, sober

15 allegation: assertion, claim

SUFFIXES THAT DESCRIBE STATE OF BEING

Below are twelve suffixes that describe a state of being How many more words can you think of that end with these suffixes that describe a state of being?

Vocabulary Builder 2

Directions: For each word, first write the suffix and its meaning Then, use

what you’ve learned about suffixes to define each word Don’t hesitate to look back at what you just learned or to use a dictionary if you would like to

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Vocabulary Builder 2 Answers

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SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE OCCUPATIONS

A lawyer is someone who deals with the law; a buyer is someone who buys items Below

are ten suffixes that indicate a person who is something, does something, or deals with something

The Suffix -ist

Many useful words have been formed with the suffix “ist.” Often, these words describe

hobbies or careers The following chart shows the most testworthy of these words: