• “Be able to” mang nghĩa có khả năng làm việc gì đó trong 1 ngữ cảnh cụ thể.. • can’t have P II: chắc hẳn đã không làm gì trong quá khứ Lưu ý: không dùng mustn’t have PII Ex: She can’t
Trang 1LÝ THUYẾT VỀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU
Mang nghĩa là “có thể”, diễn tả một khả năng
Diễn tả lời đề nghị, gợi ý hay lời yêu cầu
❖ Phân biệt “ can/could & be able to”: - I can draw well.
- Could you open the door,
Can/could • “can” thể hiện khả năng, bản năng please?
Ex: I can’t swim.
• “Be able to” mang nghĩa có khả năng làm việc gì đó trong 1 ngữ cảnh cụ thể
Ex: I finished my work early, so I was
able to go out with her.
- Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra (mang - It might be true
May/might tính chất tình huống) - May/Might I put the TV on?
- Diễn đạt sự xin phép - Yes, you may
- Diễn tả một sự mong muốn, một lời hứa - All right! I will pay you at the
- Lời yêu cầu, đề nghị lịch sự - Would you please show me
the way to Ha Dong Market?
- Diễn tả sự cưỡng bách, bắt buộc
❖ Phân biệt “ Must & Have to”: I’m putting on weight I must
➢“Must” mang ý nghĩa sự bắt buộc đến go on a diet
từ người nói còn “have to” mang ý nghĩa If you want to get on the plane,
sự bắt buộc đến từ hoàn cảnh bên ngoài you have to have a valid
Trong câu phủ định, sự khác biệt khá rõ You don’t have to wear ràng:
uniforms on Tuesdays
• Don’t have to (=don’t need to): không You mustn’t smoke here phải
• Mustn’t : không được phép
Should/Ought to Nghĩa là “nên” dùng để diễn đạt lời khuyên It’s cold today You had better
/Had better hay sự mong đợi wear a coat when you go out
S + would rather + (not) V-inf (+than)… I would rather stay at home
Would rather S + would rather (that) + mệnh đề quá khứ (than go to the movie)
smoke here
- I needn’t/don’t need to do
Dare – Need Vừa có thể dùng như một động từ khuyết my homework.
thiếu, vừa có thể dùng như động từ thường - Dare he/ Dose he dare to
– Used to
speak to her?
Trang 2- I didn’t use to go this way
Ngoài ra, các động từ khuyết thiếu còn được sử dụng nhằm mục đích dự đoán ở quá khứ:
• must have P II: chắc hẳn đã làm gì trong quá khứ
Ex: He got really high scores He must have worked hard.
• can’t have P II: chắc hẳn đã không làm gì trong quá khứ (Lưu ý: không dùng mustn’t have PII)
Ex: She can’t have been at the party yesterday She was teaching then.
• may/might have P II: dự đoán có khả năng trong quá khứ, có thể xảy ra hoặc có thể không
Ex: He lost his key He might have come into the house through the window.
• could have PII: có thể đã làm gì trong quá khứ, nhưng không xảy ra
Ex: He could have lost his ticket.
• should have P II : đã nên làm gì trong quá khứ, nhưng thực tế thì không làm
Ex: You should have informed me of your arrival.
• shouldn’t have PII: đã không nên làm gì trong quá khứ nhưng đã làm
Ex: You shouldn’t have told him the truth.
• needn’t have P II: không cần làm gì trong quá khứ, nhưng thực tế thì đã làm
Ex: You needn’t have arrived so early.
LUYỆN TẬP
Question 1.We are now wet You _the raincoats with you
A should bring B should have brought
Question 2.The yard is wet It last night
C must have rained D had to rain
Question 3.I’d rather in the field than home
A to work/to stay B work/stay
C working/staying D worked/stayed
Question 4.He spent all that money last week He _so much
A didn’t need spend B shouldn’t spend
C needn’t have spent D mustn’t have spent
Question 5.You’re having a sore throat You’d better to the doctor
Trang 3C go D going
Question 6.I would rather poor but happy than become rich without happiness
Question 7.She , but luckily, a lifeguard spotted her and rescued her
C could have drowned D might down
Question 8.In 1990, the world had no deaths from rabies Scientists wonderful vaccine
A has discovered B discovered
C must have discovered D should have discovered
Question 9.The computer does not work It _during transportation
C must have been damaged D can be damaging
Question 10. You the air pressure in your tires if you do not want to get a flat tire on your trip
Question 11. She a lot after her husband’s accident That way why her eyes were so red and swollen
Question 12. Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes
A must have B. must have had C could have had D. should have
had
Question 14.Are you joking? David _ a new car last week I am sure that he did not have money
Question 15.Andy’s magic performance was amazing You a little bit longer to watch it
Question 16.- The instructions were in French, and I translated them into English for him
– You that He knows French
A needn’t have done B. oughtn’t to have done
C shouldn’t have done D. can’t have done
Question 17. I think the principal of this school give students more freedom in choosing the courses they want to study
Question 18. It’s getting cold I turn on the heater for you?
Question 19. It’s really a good movie You _ and see it this evening
A should have gone B should go C don’t need to go D must have gone
Question 20. Look at all the tools on the floor He somewhere around here
Trang 4Question 21. I would like you the plants for me while I’m away.
Question 22. Minh passed the exam with flying colours He very hard to get such a good result
A could be studying B. may be studying C must have studied D. should
have studied
Question 23. My motorbike broke down in the middle of nowhere, but luckily I it on my own
Question 24. My purse at the station while I was waiting for the train
B should have been stolen D should be stolen
Question 25. Mom and Dad an argument They’re not talking to each other
A must have had B must have C might have had D might have
Question 4. The students asked if I was going to give them the tests
A the next day B
next day
C day next D the day
next
A should teach B
teach
uestion 6. He asked me with whom I French
Question 7. John asked me fond of any kind of sports
Question 8. “How are you?” he asked
A He asked me how are you B He asked me how I am
C He asked me how was I D He asked me how I was.
A Joe asked Adele where was she going B Joe asked Adele where she was going.
C Joe asked Adele where is she going D Joe asked Adele where she is going.
Question 10. “Go home,” said the teacher to the kids
A The teacher told the kids to go home.
B The teacher said the kids to go home.
C The teacher told the kids go home.
D The teacher told to the kids to go home.
Question 11. “I didn’t meet Susan last week”, he said
A He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.
B He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
C He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.
LUYỆN TẬP Ngữ pháp câu gián tiếp
Question 1. John asked the teacher in Spanish
A what does this word mean B what that word means
C what did this word mean D what that word meant
Question 2.He said he at the Daewoo Hotel
A is staying B has stayed C was staying D will stay
Question 3.She asked me I liked country music
Trang 5D He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
Question 12. “We are ready to start a new project”, they said to us
A They told us they are ready to start a new project.
B They told us they will ready to start a new project.
C They told us we were ready to start a new project.
D They told us they were ready to start a new project.
Question 13. “I have finished the test”, Orla said to me
A She told me she has finished the test.
B She told me she finished the test.
C She told me she had finished the test.
D She told me she has been finished the test.
Question 14. “Please bring me some chicken soup,” he said to the waitress
A He asked the waitress bring him some chicken soup.
B He asked the waitress to bring her some chicken soup.
C He asked the waitress to bring him some chicken soup.
D He asked the waitress bring her some chicken soup.
Question 15. “Don’t shout”, she said to me
A She told me don’t shout B She told to me not to shout.
C She told me not to shout D She said to me don’t shout.
Question 16. “I wrote to a friend yesterday”, she said
A She told me she had written to her friend the day before.
B She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before.
C She told me she had written to a friend yesterday.
D She told me she wrote to a friend yesterday.
Question 17. “Can you lend me some money?”, he asked me
A He asked me can you lend him some money.
B He asked me could you lend him some money.
C He asked me if I can lend him some money.
D He asked me if I could lend him some money.
Question 18. Charlie said, “I’ll see you tomorrow”
A Charlie said he’ll see me tomorrow.
B Charlie said he would see me tomorrow.
C Charlie said he would see me the next day.
D Charlie said he’ll see me the next day.
Question 19. They said, “Your father is in the office”
A They said that my father is in the office.
B They said that his father was in the office.
C They said that his father is in the office.
D They said that my father was in the office.
Question 20. “Can you open the door for me, Patrick?” Donna asked
A Donna asked to open the door for her, Patrick.
B Donna asked Patrick to open the door for her.
C Donna asked Patrick open the door for her.
D Donna asked Patrick to open the door for me.