Tài liệu IElts foundation course part 6 pdf

ñm Read the text produc điện coffee growers i Col 2 Do the statements agree Write: with the information in the reading nu i is true according to the passage cae fee false according

—— Gilobalization - -

Question 6 Which of these is NOT mentioned as important to the development of

globalization?

A the telephone C the postal service

đò;› |3 Ì:2T!9rgoE át questions 7~9 and listen to the second Section

Questions 7-9 Complete the following notes using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

Anti-globalization groups — eg Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth These

ALON ores ccs fe errs ge organizations They feel globalization causes global

warming, and depletion of oi], gas, 8 and sea life

Many businesses in developed nations are against globalization because of Competition from 9 csssssssesesssseeeeeeee :

St |22 Look at questions 10-12 and listen to the final section

Questions 10-12 Complete this table using ONE OR TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER

member states

favouring home industries

financial help Promotes shared values

DD ecraiesacs 44 5

6 Throughout the lecture, the lecturer uses certain words and phrases to signal, or signpost, key stages in the lecture Recognizing these can help you

to understand and follow her argument Look at these ‘signposts’ and divide

them into these categories

Introduction Sequencing Changing Concluding/Summarizing

topic

1 Turning now to 7 will start by considering

2 Now let us look alittle at 8 So, we’ve seen that

4 Inthe first part of today’s lecture 10 Secondly, I will explain

5 Iwould like to 11 So, let’s begin with

6 Having looked at let’s now 12 Finally, lintend to

consider

7 (2) 20-22 Listen to the lecture again and number the signposts in the order in which you hear them.

Reading 2

Strategy

Read the questions or

T/F/NG statements

through first, and

guess the meaning of

any words you do not

understand

SENTENCE You +h

Skimming en the BOX MS kiy skimming the text “ity

Write the number ions DY ae

Then check your PSS g,000 million § 25 millig, al

‘Ge a

The value of le who earn their living th

Fray

hee nage farmer and arriving in the StPermayy, 3

iven

Tru

ed by the Fairtrade Foundation about on ñm

Read the text produc điện

coffee growers i Col

2 Do the statements agree Write:

with the information in the reading nu

i is true according to the passage

cae fee false according to the Passage

NOTGIVEN the information is not given in the passage

i owin leaf instead of coffee The Menzas have tried gr ig coca :

In trade, only oil is more important than coffee Sy

The Menzas receive 50% of the supermarket price for their caf The production of cocoa is less exploitative than coffee

In 1989 both world and supermarket prices dropped

rative is always an effective solution for ie

Setting up a co-operatt

The farmers have less and less money to spend on their familia

1G) GIR

A Vitelio Menza has been dependent on coffee im Colombia all his life Now at 43 he is stilly

to finish building his house due to lack of funds and is struggling to keep his family togeth

The fortunes of Viteli , his wife Maria Enith and their four children have fluctuated

dramatically along with the price of coffee

B Over the years the family has suffered illness brought om by malnutrition Im other partsa same area, some families have turned to growing drugs in order to survive; higher pricesa

Paid for coca leaf (the raw material for cocaine) The Menzas have stayed loyal to the cafi crop but not without great Personal sacrifices

D Coffee is the second most valuable co) eileen By năng ie ea

mmodity after oil Not surprisingly, it is the most val

ee a trade Its total value — $3,000 lien per year — is twicett

ta

MRR ON ara natty

kăng their cut along the way an and tortuous one with a succession of people

te nu

vn ng ác HT Go aries,

z

xgy

From tree to supermarket shelf it has been estimated the Menzas’ coffee beans can change

hands as many as 150 times, whilst the Menzas, like millions of other coffee ro % oe , wi X

a tiny share of the price consumers pay for the crop growers, retain only

Between 1989 and 1993 there was a 50% reduction in the world market pri

I

€t price of coffee

'§ examination of the price paid to a farmer like Menza and the cost to a shopper in thee me Hà

~) supermarket reveals that both have lost out while many of the Players in between have still

Ñ managed to make gains

) When the world price fell by 50% during 1989, farmers suffered an immediate fall in their

, incomes yet there was no noticeable reduction in the supermarket price of coffee Retail Prices

25

* remained stable for four more years before there was a fall of 20% in 1993 Yet when the

| market picked up in 1994 and the market price of coffee rose by 50%, the retail Price rose

immediately and sustained its price even when the market fell again the following year

’ For the farmers, this meant that the price of coffee had dropped below the cost of Producing it

for several years in a row This had a devastating impact on their already precarious existence 30

the price

But for small farmers the world Price is only one of the factors undermining their ability to 35

make a decent living Indeed, if they were able to get a reasonable share of this price, they

would be pleased Without the means to Process or transport their crop to market, limited

knowledge of the frequently changing world Price and a debt-driven necessity to sell their

coffee the moment it is ripe (when Prices are lowest), small independent farmers find

themselves in a weak negotiating position They are prey to local dealers who buy the coffee 40

and sell it on to international markets With only one major harvest a year, farmers are

desperate for cash by the time their crop is ripe and are keen to sell at whatever price they can

get Not surprisingly, local dealers are quick to exploit this

The farmers’ need for a quick sale is a symptom of their inability to get loans at a fair rate from banks, pushing them into the arms of loan sharks to pay for fertilizers, harvest labour and basic 45

living costs prior to harvest Many farmers have got together to set up co-operative marketing

ventures which enable them to by-pass the middlemen All too often, however, even the co-op cannot get finance to buy the crop, and members still sell to local traders for cash, rather than

wait for a better price Evidence of low and declining living standards is clear The Fairtrade

*oundation’s research shows reduced spending on housing, children’s education, health and 50 ood

OORT BLEEDS EET

Sentence completion : : i 3 Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each

to continue growing coffee

IR TWO words L2 1 The Menzas have made

#Ƒ 2 Coffeeisworth as much as tea and cocoa

=“= nỠn 3 Coffee farmers only keepa of the fnal retail value

4 Any fallin the world price of coffee in 1989 was not in the

5 As there is only one coffee crop each year, farmers have very little _ by the time it is ready to harvest

6 Itis impossible for farmers to borrow money ata :

- Globalization——

Strategy

Think about the target

audience Students?

Members of the

public? Is the style

formal or informal?

POET Elst

iter's PUTPVT~ : Identifying the writ vat geon Fairtrade?

4 Whatis the pup? s buying non Faittaers —

To advise coffee far o protest about the current

To encourage readers

m context

Read the textagain and

changed frequently (para 3

selling to the public HE

aaa fi key to succeed

(para J)

wei =

5

getting worse (para])

1 There are many words in the text connected with money ang}

selling Match the words and definitions

i

When you have finished, check your answers ina dictionary

: how much something costs to buy ina shop

1 funds

i yailable money :

4 marketprice money thatsomeone gets from working

5 income something that can be bought and sold

6 middleman someone who lends money to people ata ven

interest :

7 loanshark a person or company that buys from produce

to customers at a profit

8 itrader/dealer someone who buys something or uses service

9 consumer a person or organization that influences a situ

especially in business or politics

10 player someone who buys and sells things

2 Divide these phrases from the text into three categories: expn which describe prices going up/going down/staying the same world price fell by 50%

reduction in the supermarket price of coffee prices remained stable

a fall of 20%

the market picked up market price of coffee rose by 50%

sustained its price

ae va Globalizati¢

Dey ef) focus 2

Did you know .?

The passive

1 Read these facts about coffee and underline the

The word coffee is derived from the Arabic word ogahwao, w' excitement Coffee was known in Europe as ‘Arabian wine’,

At one time coffee was used as a medicine The coffee berries i eR câu were fe j

Coffee is grown between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

hich means wine or

~~ One quarter to one third of the world’s coffee is produced by Brazil,

``ˆ Decaffeination is the natural or chemical process by which caffeine is Temoved from the green (unroasted) coffee beans 97% of the caffeine is removed in the

"process

2 Complete the table with the correct Passive form for each tense

Present Simple 1S grown

Past Simple

| Past Continuous

|Present Perfect Simple

Bt

3 Read the text again

1 Which sentence includes an ‘agent’?

2 answers on page 152 List three reasons why ana gent is not always needed Check your

4 Look at these two sentences and answer the questions Both are grammatically correct

a One quarter to one third of the world’s coffee is produced by Brazil

Brazil produces one quarter to one third of the world’s coffee

b

1 Which sentence focuses more attention on the agent? :

2 Which sentence focuses more attention on the person or thing affected by

the action?

- Globalization—— — _

In IELTS Writing Task 1 you may be asked to describe a process Usit information taken from pictures or a diagram

The diagram below shows the process of milk production

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information sh below

Time: 20 minutes

Write at least 1

milk pasteurized

ie BP We Bir

refrigeration

strorage

I To write a good answer to this type of question i , : you need to joi

Oin th

of the process together using sequencers Find 51X Sequencers a this Cte from an information leaflet

usually largely fed on grass First, the cows are Milk is produced on farms from cows that are pasteurized in order to kill any bacteria This is done by heating it to 72 degrees fora very short |

milked This usually happens twice a day, using a time, usually about 16 seconds After this, the

| milking machine Then, the milk is cooled and milk is again cooled and then homogenized,

: stored in large, refrigerated containers

15 which results in a product that does not separate | Refrigerated tankers collect the milk on a daily into milk and cream Following this, the milk is basis from many small farms and deliver it to the packaged in plastic Containers, which could be of ƒ

dairy Next, at the dairy, milk is made into various various sizes from 0.5 litres to 2 litres Finally, products including cheese, cream, butter and these are delivered to supermarkets and shops S10 liquid milk for drinking Liquid milk is usually

> Ercufszerrmgrrorereromorserrnoeomiourroroo-llprorrsvlgpxz20-VHErersSetrriEitT24fr0erermsrerereeereoear so ———- eae |

2 There are also two connectors which give the Purpose for doing

something

in order to kill any bacteria which results in a product that does not Separate into milk and cream

1 Which of these linkers is followed by a verb phrase?

2 Which of these linkers is followed by anoun phrase?

3 Underline the connectors in these sentences Then add them to the text above in the appropriate places to give extra information

1 as this produces more milk overall than once a day

2 because it stays fresher longer at around 4 degrees C

3 and therefore ensure that it is safe for consumption ,

4 so that they can be sold

Writing: further practice spin cut up 4 Workin pairs The diagram below shows how sugar is produced from

inload shake

sugar beets Use the verbs in the box to describe the process verbally to your

to make

beet washer

juice |—— sugar 34} times to | centrifuge to

aiid Ni, x pure clean JUICE evaporate J) crystallize

of lime 7 sugar juice beg water

5 Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the

diagram about sugar

-— Globalization _ ;

Talk about

Speaking skills

TIP

Do not give short

answers in Part3 Give

4 considered opinion

and at least two

reasons to supportit

oe

} Speaking modu}

`

Part 2 answer ©

1 = |23 Listen 23 to this eX@ p! estion and the key Pointe, ete Tapio gu ' "

etai | i tifyin,

details by identifying the tor

to include

Part 2

2 : Practise talkin

points on this card: at

partner for q_5_ “to,

“ Ming, Part3

3 In Part 3 Of the 1

C the

e relatedl to the topic tt

’

Parts serene een

some examples i | examiner May then a

world is điên described as a “global village

How Ow can developed countries help less-developed Countrieg

fl Do you prefer to buy well-known

international Products 0, in

2

ed goods? b ian:

3 What: = a main roles of international organizations Such agy

:

4 How has global communication changed in the last 50 Years)

5 thing? Are cheap holidays and increased global tourism Necessarily a,

Balancing the argument

1 L']23*fÊiEfi tu s possible answer to one of the Part 3 question and decide which question is being answered

2 Listen again and answer these questions

1 What two reasons in favour of this point does the student give?

2 What two reasons against this point does the Student give?

|

2)

3 Lookat the tapescript on Page 172 and answer these questions,

,

1 What phrase does the speaker use to indicate that there are arpur

4 Part 3 can be quite

đo ng ng because you Useful language ˆ ©notha opportunity to PPortunity to Prepare you're not sure If you think you understand the questiot

your answers first Here are some phrases that may help you, I’m not ©xactly sure what you mean, buts

That's a rather difficult question, but pet

'f you need a second to think about it

That's an interesting question

| Let me see

Globalization"

>` TT Revising and recycling vocabulary

These are cards with the word on one side and a

9

ral

translation, drawing or

Uy

Ề

explanation on the

1 Workin pairs

5

Discuss these questions

How could you use

ì

them?

When could you

u

look at them? »

e

tụ

Grouping and

categorizing words

0 fluctuate negotiate

2 Grouping vocabulary will help you to remember individual words For

stable commodity

example, if you had these words you could put them into categories as

sustain viciouscircle follows:

describing trends related to business

collocations I like and

Want to use

fluctuate, stable, sustain negotiate, commodity

vicious circle

victim clear goals Look at these words from the previous unit Put them into your own

Truancy constructive Categories

detention review Other ways of remembering vocabulary

3 Here are some other ideas for learning vocabulary Which of them have

you tried?

| Itekopnagn — Tameriaaesoon a TÚ as possible after | new words every week next 9 letckupalecot | sachnevnr en Batre ie ith

teeth!

TT Find these words in the unit Then check their meaning in your dictionary

ictionary focus and record them

symptom p.83 decline p.83 maintain p.84 impact p.83 suffer p.83 support p.88

Globalization

-Ea What’s the alternative?

Strategy

There may be many

examples of each

category or none

Look for words and

phrases in the text

which are not exactly

the same as the

descriptions but have

a similar meaning

edicine /o:l/ts:notrv medisin/ noun [unco sing methods that are different from alternative m

usual Western scient

1 i i be tw een conventio: V tional and 8 lternati 7 ative What is the difference

1

Put (C) next to those which you think are conventional medicine and (A) next to those which you

think are alternative therapies

Then compare your answers with

your partner

1 having an injection

2 having a head massage

3 having an operation ina hospital

for a headache

5 smelling oils

6 taking a herbal drink

3 Ifyou have an illness, which of

the following people would you

consult? Why? /Why not?

1 a family member

2 adoctor

3 achemist

4 anexperton alternative therapies

Classification

4 Youare going to read a text about four different types of alterni medicine Quickly read the text and classify the descriptions accon

which of the following they refer to Note that you may use the lett

than once

Acupuncture (A)

Reflexology (R)

Iridology (1)

invented 200 years ago

invented more than 2,000 years ago has been successfully used as a painkiller

ee oe pressure to neck, elbows, knees and so on

© ‘he practitioner every illness the pati thas had

focuses on the hands and pa) Five

eae

DOP Why

What's the alternat!