Tài liệu IElts foundation course part 5 doc

j T Underline the main aim of this eharity 2 Underline the speeific type of help they offer ee Victim Support is the national charity for people affected by crime, Every year they offer

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1 Read these definitions of six crimes and match them with the criny

the box

shoplifting mugging terrorism robbery vandalism

burglary kidnapping fraud

1 to illegally take someone away and make them a prisoner, especia order to make their family or the government give you some mon

2 tosteal things froma shop

3 to attack someone ina public place and steal their money or posse

4 to deliberately damage or destroy things, especially public proper

5 to take money or property from someone illegally

6 to enter a building illegally in order to steal things

2 Whatare the definitions of the two extra crimes above?

3 Using monolingual dictionaries, look up these punishments and! them from the least severe (1) to the most severe (5)

A fine

A caution Capital punishment

A suspended sentence Imprisonment

4 Workin pairs Compare your rankings and discuss which punish

you think would be most suitable for each of the crimes in 1

._ pf)

Crime and punishmé

j T Underline the main aim of this eharity

2 Underline the speeific type of help they offer

(ee Victim Support is the national charity for people affected by crime, Every year they offer help to

ictim around 1.75 million people through a network of local member charities across England, Wales and

u port Northern Ireland, At the time of the Home Offic @ survey in 1998, the organisation had more than 650

p employees and over 10,000 trained volunteer visitors working with its branches in the community

They now have over 1,500 staff and around 12,000 volunteers, ime luding 6,000 community-based volunteers Trained volunteers offer a free and confidential service, whether or not a crime has been

reported and regardless of when it happened, They provide emotional support, information and practical help to people who have suffered a range of crimes Most referrals to Victim Support are made by the police and several major offence categories are automatically referred to Victim Support The traditional initial contact is made by Victim Support to the victim, Victim Support is

committed to the principle of providing services to all victims of crime and, with this in mind, also encourages self-referral with the victim making the initial contact,

creer,

Yes, No, Not Given

3 Read this text on burglary Do the statements below reflect the claims of

the writer in the passage below?

Write:

YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1 There are more cases of burglary dealt with by Victim Support than any other charity

2 itis common for victims to want to discuss the effects of a crime

3 Specially trained volunteers from this charity sometimes visit the victims’ houses

4 People must inform the police about a crime before contacting Victim

Support

People who have been burgled will never feel safe and relaxed in their

homes again

Burglary is a serious but very common crime In 2001, around one in every six crimes recorded in the

UK was burglary Victirn Support is a charity that offers support and gets in touch with over a million people affected by crime each year

|

|

Most victims of crime want to talk to someone about what has happened and how they are feeling i

Talking to friends and family can be helpful, but Victim Support provides a service which involves

talking to a specially trained volunteer This charity can help, regardless of whether or not you have |

People who are victims of burglary can be affected in a wide range of different ways even if

none of their property has been stolen Those whose houses have been

burgled may be upset just at the thought that someone has been in

their home against their wishes, and this can often make them

feel insecure

As well as offering support, Victim Support can also help

victims deal with people who usually need to be contacted after

a burglary such as landlords, the police or insurance companies

Crime and punishment

| mm mrHmmmmmmm—ns

ections and

Matching §

4 Now rea sections (A-D) 2

Strategy

Try looking at the first line of each section

This is often the topic

d the article 0"

`

summarieS

t Match the

tions so you will] nụ t

t there are mor Vào affected victims

sentence Then look for imi Ne of crimes which iven to victims

similar or related words

Dee kinds of help Balt the Victim Support service Was,

to those in the summaries

BUT remember that a hope re S =

most likely to be contacted by Victim Sup,

Port %

summary will cover all Wasa tims were L lẽ cHÝe

or most of the main 5 mat Nr Support gotin touch

°

ideas in the section or Paragraph, not just one

Victim Support: Findings from

A Among those victims contacted, the initial

contact made by Victim Support was by letter (and/or

leaflet) in most cases (69%) Only 13% of all initial

contacts were ‘unannounced’ visits ie a volunteer

calling at the home, but follow-up visits after letters 5

and telephone calls doubled the numbers of victims visited Among all victims contacted by whatever means, the proportion eventually visited (26%) was

similar to earlier findings: 1994 (25%) and 1996

10

(27%)

Types of contact varied considerably between victims

of different offence types Victims of burglary and assault were more likely than victims of other offences

to be visited by Victim Support volunteers Over 30%

of contacted victims in these categories eventually 15 received a visit, compared with only 6% of contacted victims of theft

B Victim Support appears to be successful in matching Support to the types of case in which needs are likely

to be greatest Victims who Said that they had wanted 29 help — especially those who Said they had wanted

‘someone to talk to’ — and those who described

themselves as “very much affected’, were considerably more likely to have been contacted (and to have been

visited) by Victim Support than those who did not 25 xpress any needs or were less affected

For example, 23% of those who said they wanted

‘someone to talk to’ were contacted by Victim Support

in comparison with 5% of those who did not express

such a need Victim Support visits were 15 times more

likely to those who said they had been ‘very much’ -

affected This may be partly due to the kinds of Offenc which receive highest Priority — burglary and Violen :

~— and partly the result of CO-ordinators Making

_ 'educated guesses’ from crime Teports to identify victims most likely to need help

TERR acre

=

the 1998 British Crime Survey

C Ahigh proportion of people Victim Support cop

were helped with at least one problem: TƯ

volunteer and victim met face-to-face 749, a victims felt they had been given ‘mora| Suppore 25% of those receiving a letter from Victim Sy, said they had been given moral support The proportions who said they were helped with sex

advice were 27% for face-to-face contact angy letters

Numbers were too small to undertake a System,

correlation between the kinds of help given ang

needs expressed However, 50% of those nam;

‘moral support’ as a need said that they had res this kind of help In contrast, the need for ‘infon from the police’ was rarely met by Victim SUp

However, itis probably more appropriate for the

to provide this information direct to the victim

D Among respondents who recalled some contact Victim Support, 58% rated the service as ‘very

‘fairly helpful’ The Proportion was considerably among those who had had visits (80%) or con

telephone (69%) Even letters/leaflets alone we found helpful by nearly half (46%) Although 3 Slight drop on previous years (see Figure 1) fro

in 1996 and 60% in 1994, the 80% rating of fat face contact as ‘Very’ or ‘fairly helpful’ had incre

On previous years (76%, 1996 BCS; 70%, 19%

The quality of Victim Support service appeared!

the strongest effect on ‘very’ or ‘fairly helptul @

Particularly for the more personal kinds of conta

(face-to-face and telephone); the speed with

Victim Support made contact appeared to be ES

Significant

Crime and punish

Sentence completion

5 Complete each of these statements with words taken from the reading passage on page 68 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each

answer

1 Victims were usually first contacted by :

Which two responses given were most likely to generate contact from Victim Support?

4 The most effective types of contacts were L

Identifying text type

6

This text is taken from

a guide for new workers within Victim Support

an official government report

a textbook for students studying sociology

a newspaper article about a new Victim Support scheme

1 Look at these sentences from the second text on page 67 Find and underline the defining relative clauses and circle the relative pronoun

0

i

2

Victim Support is a charity ha) offers support and advice

but Victim Support provides a service which involves talking to a specially trained volunteer

People who are victims of burglary can be affected in a wide range of different ways

Those whose houses have been burgled may be upset just at the thought

Victim Support can also help victims deal with people who usually need

to be contacted after a burglary

Answer these questions

What two relative pronouns can be used for things? People?

What is the difference between who and whose?

Are commas needed in defining relative clauses?

o aan ae Victim support contacted

0 Vil

A high proportion of people wh

i i zect of the sem

Victim Support is the subjec

pest

A high proportion of people is the

a

t 1V moun refer What does the relati

e pro

=

pronoun is not necessar

y if it refers to the object

of th sent

below with an appropriate relative Pron

ded Some will have more ths

o— the subject or the object?

Note that a relative

aces

4 Complete each of the re p1”

Choose from that/which/w

ossibility

P hich/noné needed victims receive from the ni

0_ The treatment <: -“ ““

i m area to area

ae

1 Some people . -" ode Poco arin

an irritating inconvenience-

: Se aaa likely to be burgled again

3 Face to face contact was the “eV (Gl tee ea

am

people found helpful

4 Burglars usually sell the thing8 ‹‹‹‹ -‹‹ 2 +2222°222222922

2T tnnnnrnn they stole

quickly

5 Ifyou make an insurance claim, you will need the crime reference

number . -=:-°* the police give you

6_ Allvolunteers -°-**~********"***”” work with victims haveb, specially selected and trained

7 Convicted burglars are sometimes asked to apologize personally t

possessions they stole

P€OpIe€ -2-++rt+tztrerrrtrrr

work free of charg

8 Volunteers are people

because they think the work is important

5 Rewrite this passage adding the relative clauses to make it clearer

first one has been done for you

who has already been convicted ofburglary | which are repork

whocommitburglary +whichpeeplecemmit whoare burg)

Burglary is one of the most common crimes which people commit 5 figures show that up to one in six crimes is a burglary Therefore,!

poe will be burgled at some point in their life Some of those W!

¬ ete even if none of their possessions are actually taken

eee ee ize the effect they may have on someone else’s life Int pinion, if someone offends again, they should receive a stiffer s¢

~~ Crime and punishm

argument

Task 2: Evaluating and challenging ideas, evidence or an

T Complete this sentence in your own words

The main aim of sending a person to prison is to

2 In Task 2 of the IELTS Writing module you have to ‘evaluate and

challenge ideas, evidence or an argument’ Read the IELTS Writing Task

below and answer the questions

Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic

Future plans to design prisons for learning and working, with bigger celis ining computers that will enable study and communication, have been

co er trying to turn prisons into ‘holiday camps’ and for ‘wasting

taxpayers’ money’

To what extent do you agree or disagree with these views?

1 According to the statement, what will prisons be like in the future?

2 According to the statement, what might be wrong with these prisons?

3 Would you say that these new prisons are a good or bad idea? Why?

3 Quickly read this samp’

new style prisons

When discussing the prison system in this country

it is important to point out that people have

strong views both for and against any changes to

the existing system In this country there has

been a lot of negative criticism of new proposals in

recent weeks, as many people feel they are a waste

of money However, there is no doubt in my mind

that the prison network needs to be reviewed

UTGEHEDE VHCPETOLE, 4 coccsecesconsteressenesstsen with

reasons given to support any changes

First of all, prisoners studying and working,

| ,

that this will not only give prisoners motivation

and interest, but also help them live a relatively

normal life ln a similar way, | tend to think that

improved facilities and living conditions will have a

more beneficial effect on the prisoner than the

Opposite FOr these re450W5, £ so

changes need to be made

Some people argue that these new style prisons

will Curt into Holiday camp#” 4 -

Crime and punishment _

le answer and decide if the writer is for or against

For example, prisoners would be getting both i physical and mental exercise in this scheme and would not be able to laze around and do nothing

Of course there would be some opportunities for

leisure time but again this is better thar depriving

inmates of all enjoyment whatsoever:

Cees eee these new developments will make going to prison seem like a holiday Since this new system would give clear goals for

prisoners, | am certain it-is a more constructive approach

A further criticism of this new system is that it is

a waste of public money Although such changes

will undoubtedly be expensive, | still feel that it

would be a good idea to spend money on developing

these prisons If the scheme was successful, it

would turn prisoners irtto better citizens less likely

to commit crimes in the future F the level of crime might be reduced and we would

be able to live int a safer world

oe

TIP

Produce a clear essay

by structuring each

paragraph Use

appropriate language

to give opinions

and back up each

ved from the essay Put thern in , peen remo d then place them in the essay,

4 These phrases have box an appropriate category 1m this 4 itis clear that this issue ry

1 butlam unconvinced that this be considered carefully

would be the case 5 {fully agree that

6 Icannot accept that

2 inmy view,

ato ovaluate

[Introducing the ma nero ie alate is important to consider

‘In order to discuss/ex

| Some people say/argue that

TOPO B US ON 7010 rr án 06060962 7.,, ,

| Challenging ideas —

| disagree with the view ‹‹:

| do not believe that

| Agreeing with ideas (to be backed u '| strongly agree with this view

| Giving opinions

| feel/believe that

In my opinion

| There is no doubt in my mind (which also expresses certainty)

| tend to think (more tentative)

Therefore,

Consequently,

| If X happens/happened, Y will/might/would result

(See Unit 8 for more information on conditional sentences)

5 Inorder to see how the writer has structured this essay, identify

idea and supporting information fro

Paragraph 1

Main idea:

Feople for and against changing prison system but definitely needs Supporting information:

Lot of negative criticism Topic will be discussed in eosay

ime and punish™ oO |

Prediction Work in pairs Discuss these questions

What are acceptable reasons for missing school?

What might children do instead of going to school?

Did anyone in your school play truant?

your country?

rmation

s type of

tion, you have a

ber of answers to

h together It is

arto

ification, but you

›nly use each

ve once There will

lly be more

ves than you

Crime and punishment _

Note completion

2 <=/18 Listen to the interview on truancy and

complete the notes Write NO MORE THAN THREE

WORDS for each answer

According to David Renshaw, continued absence from school could be harmful to a chil

and also lead to a 1

The government is trying to stop truancy using:

prison sen

Lorna says reasons for truancy include:

@ unhappiness at home

government and :

'cSSSSccccccccscssqœ-

Do you know what the consequences or punishments are for truancy in

3 For questions 6-8,

if Lorna Coates (the charity representative) states this write L

if David Renshaw (the government official) states this, write D

if Jennifer Simpson (the mother) states this, write J

if the presenter states this, write P

7 Prison sentences won't help children who are unhappy at sc

8 Counselling works welÌ

hool .

Language focus 2

therefore

consequently

as because so

since asaresult

74

s

Reason/result clause

odule (and mo

TS Writing MOP seas toget

In ine a to be able to Jink ideas tO8 ee

1 Look at these Se on the ideas

:

ie

‘xe?

linking words me oi heen a lot of negative criticism of new proposals PP

ee as oe people feel they a7 GDS: of

Be , : mind that the prison network nee a e reviewes

there is Leda nụ Waa? that this issue needs to be considered car, cfully

bà với: given to support any chang!

aaa Since this new system would give clear goals for prisoners,

ain iticg ince this n

constructive approach

it woul

If the scheme was successful, t

Tư crimes in the future Asa ae would be able to live in a safer wor'd

2 Which of the linking words above are used to give a reason? Whig

st academic writing tasks) it jg

her well so that your argument

ey

d turn prisoners into better citizens los, |

ult, the level of crime might be reduced g

used to express a result?

3 Putso or because in the gaps below

1 This new system would give clear goals ÍOT pTISOT€TS, certainly a more constructive approach

2 Itis certainly a more constructive CD TƠ C1” 222/2:2225

would give clear goals for prisoners

4 After which of the linking words or phrases in this section should

a comma?

5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate linker showing reaso result More than one choice may be possible in each case

1 Allowing prisoners to study is a good idea they may ; better jobs when they are freed

2 These days prisoners feel that prisons are more comfortable than! Outside, ANG secs: they are happy to commit more crime tc there

3 Providing more opportunities for prisoners to improve their lives mean fewer criminals returned to PHI THỦ, 2 22.2222 5 ⁄2, society wou benefit in the long term

Writing: further practice

© Look at this sample IELTS Writing Task 2 question

Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no spt

knowledge of the following topic

if recent years, many countries have become extremely concerned a

ae ee In crimes committed by young people Tough measures‘ Punishments are necessary to stop youths from re-offending

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Time: 40 minutes

Write at least 25

Crime and punishme!

IP

en you learn a new

rd, make sure you

2 where the

!SS is otherwise

may be

understood ¿Z

7 Here is part of a student’s answer Rewrite and j

The number of crimes committed by young people keeps growing each year The government is not doing enough to cut crime Every year they promise an improvement It never happens They don’t take tough enough measures,

| would agree that young criminals are not frightened of the consequences of

their actions They do not seem to mind the punishments they receive These punishments are too light They commit more crimes

Light punishments such as community service do not work, Young people should

be punished more severely This will make them think more carefully about what

they do

can

t=enfPinreu 27365

8 Compare your version with the rewritten version on page 162 Then write your own answer to the question

Word stress

In some languages, all words are stressed in the same place English has

many rules about word stress and they can be confusing However, some of

the common ones are useful to learn

1 How many syllables do these words have?

Punishment suspension absentee prisoner

detention expulsion

2 Puteach word in 1 under its stress pattern

3 Whatdo you notice about the words that have the pattern oOo?

4 (ook at these words that all end in the sound /ƒan/ and mark the stress

politician situation station examination

5 A good dictionary will tell you where the stress is on a word Look at this

examination /1g!zzem1'neifan/ noun a |

ae a ace tee nf