Tài liệu Chapter 6 - Addressing the Network – IPv4 pdf

IP Addressing Structure ” i} e Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal ° Refer to 6.1 Ou Binary To Decimal Conversion A 1in this position A 1in this position 11110101 in Binary =

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Overview

to convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers

used in the network

within networks by administrators

the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks

the appropriate addressing components

connectivity and operational status of the tP protocol stack on a

host

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IP Addressing Structure

IENEEETTITITITITTTT11111111111111111111111177 SACRO NETWORKING RADERY

° Describe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP

address and label its parts

Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

General | You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability, Otherwise, you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings

( Obtain an IP address automatically

(@ Use the following IP address:

IP address: #182168 1.5 §

Subnet mask: | ‘ : Default gateway: | : 5 :

Preferred DNS server: | , Alternate DNS server: | ,

IP version 4 (IP v4) is the current form of addressing used on the Internet

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4 011 ïïẲ 11111111) BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY

° Describe the general role of 8-bit binary in network

addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal

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e Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal

° Refer to 6.1 Ou Binary To Decimal Conversion

A 1in this position A 1in this position

11110101 in Binary = Decimal Number 245

| BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY

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° Convert decimal to 8-bit binary

Decimal to Binary Conversion Steps

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BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY

put 1 in position 8

put 1 in position 4

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° Practice converting decimal to 8-bit binary

° Refer to 6.1.5.1

Decimal to Binary Conversion Activity

Given a decimal value, enter the correct

binary values for each positon

Enter numbers for these 8 positions

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Convert IP address

EMMWEEETTIIITTTDNTTTT:

Converting an IPv4 from Binary to Dotted Decimal Notation

Binary IPv4 address 10101100000100000000010000010100

10101100000100000000010000010100

Divide the 32 bits

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Network portion and the role of the subnet mask

° Describe how the subnet mask is used to create and

specify the network and host portions of an IP address

Network and Host Portions of an IP Address

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e Use the subnet mask and ANDing process to extract

the network address from the IP address

Applying the Subnet Mask

A device with address 192.0.0.1 belongs to network 192.0.0.0

High order bits Prefix /16 Low order bits

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° Use ANDing logic to determine an outcome

Applying the Subnet Mask

A device with address 192.0.0.1 belongs to network 192.0.0.0

High order bits

Prefix /16 Low order bits

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° Observe the steps in the ANDing of an IPv4 host

address and subnet mask

Use the subnet mask to determine the network address for the host 173.16.132.70/20

Convert binary network address to decimal

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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses

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° Name the three types of addresses in the network and

describe the purpose of each type

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Roll over to learn more

10.0.0.0 is used to refer to the network as a whole All devices in this network have the same network address bits

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00001210 00000000 00008000

00001010

The Broadcast Address is used to

send packets to every host in the

network that shares the same

network portion of the address

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Each host in this network has a unique address

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Step 3

First host address

172 16.7210 1 10101100.00010000.00010100.00000001

| - Network - |- host -|

0+0+0+0+0+0+0+1=1 Lowest host address = 1/2.16.20.1

— Network - |- host -|

0+64+32+16+8+4+2+0=126 Highest host address = 172.16.20.126

Step 4

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e IP addressing practice: Refer to 6.2.2.2

Given address/prefix of 172.16.4.32/28

—— For each row, enter the values

Type of Address Enter LAST octet in Enter LAST octet in Enter full address in

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e Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast communication

Limited Broadcast Source: 172.16.4.1 Destination: 255.255.255.255

Multicast Transmission Source: 172.16.4.1 Destination: 224.10.10.5 Unicast Transmission

Source: 172.16.4.1 Destination: 172.16.4.253

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° Identify the address ranges reserved for these special

purposes in the IPv4 protocol

Reserved IPv4 Address Ranges

Type of Address Usage Reserved IPv4 Address Range RFC

Host Address used for IPv4 hosts 0.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 790

Multicast used for multicast groups 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 1700

Addresses on a local network

Experimental ¢ used for research or 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254 1700

Addresses experimentation 3330

¢ cannot currently be used for hosts in IPv4 networks

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° Define public address and private address

Private Addresses used in Networks without NAT

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— and Define IPv4 Addresses

Special IPv4 Addresses

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Link-Local Network 169.254.0.0 /16 can only communicate within the , local LAN

Network using TEST-NET addresses 192.0.2.0 /24

an only communicate within the local LAN

Link-Local Addresses

— |IPv4 addresses in the address block 169.254.0.0 to

169.254.255.255 (169.254.0.0 /16) are designated as link-local

addresses These addresses can be auiomatically.assigned to the local host by the operating system in environments where no IP

configuration is available

TEST-NET Addresses

— The address block 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 (192.0.2.0 /24) is set

aside for teaching and learning purposes These addresses can be used in documentation and network examples

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° Identify the historic method for assigning addresses

and the issues associated with the method

IP Address Classes

Address | 1st octet 1st octet bits Network( ) and Default subnet | Number of possible

Class range Í Host(-)) parts of | mask (decimal |networks and hosts

(decimal) | address and binary) per network

** All zeros (0) and all ones (1) are invalid hosts addresses

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Assigning Addresses

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e The allocation of these addresses inside the networks

should be planned and documented for the purposes:

— Preventing duplication of addresses

— Providing and controlling access

— Monitoring security and performance

IPv4 Address Planning and Assignment Public and Private Addresses

—¬

Public Web Servers

Internal Local Network

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Network Address Translation(NAT)

| | BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY

IPv4 Address Planning and Assignment Public and Private Addresses Network Address

Public Web Servers

Internal Local Network

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Network Address Translation(NAT)

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IPv4 Address Planning and Assignment Public and Private Addresses

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Assigning Addresses - DHCP

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° Explain how end user devices can obtain addresses

either statically through an administrator or

These addresses are ps ay th nhưng hinh /: x7 + tư

assigned dynamically: tee PE

IP Address < ‘ 5Ã ) "cố ố 0 wees | teat Decenber 28, 2006 10:5074)

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Assigning Addressess — Manually configure

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Local Ares Connection Properties

General | Correct using

| IrteERt] PRO/100 VE Network Connection

Components checked are ured by the: connection:

YB Clent tor Microsoft Networks

# BBB File and Punter Shuaiing for Miciosott Networks

Thx <-—-—-

-Ý€ Une the following DNS server addresses:

Prefered DNS server: [172 16 3 150 Alternate ONS server [172 16 5S 290

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Assigning Addresses

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° Explain which types of addresses should be assigned

to devices other than end user devices

Devices IP Address Ranges

First Address Last Address Summary Address Network Address 172.16.x.0 oon

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Assigning Addresses

° Describe the process for requesting IPv4 public

addresses, the role ISPs play in the process, and the

role of the regional agencies that manage IP address

Region And Region

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IPv6 Overview

° 128-bit hierarchical addressing - to expand addressing

capabilities

° Header format simplification - to improve packet handling

° Improved support for extensions and options - for

increased scalability/longevity and improved packet

handling

° Flow labeling capability - as QoS mechanisms

° Authentication and privacy capabilities - to integrate

security

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Assigning Addresses

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° Identify several changes made to the IP protocol in

IPv6 and describe the motivation for migrating from

IPv4 to IPv6

IPv6 Header

Version 6 Traffic Class 8 bits Flow Label 20 bits

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Calculating Addresses

Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller

networks and describe the implications of dividing

networks for network planners

Borrowing Bits for Subnets

Only one network address is available

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Unused address in this example

A 1 in these positions in the mask means that these values are part of the network address

More subnets are available, but fewer addresses are available per subnet

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10101000 00010100 00000 BER 00000

10101000 00010100 00000 11111111.11111111 00000

Three bits are borrowed to provide eight subnets

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| | | BACHKHOA NETWORKING ACADEMY

e Extract network addresses from host addresses using

the subnet mask Total host 800 -> choose block

a

Legal Office = 20 172.16.3.64 /27

Corporate HQ = 500 172.16.0.0 /23

HR Office Sales Office

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192.168.20.128/2Í 192.168.20.128 /27

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° Calculate the number of hosts in a network range

given an address and subnet mask

Subnetting a Subnetwork Block

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¢ Given a subnet address and subnet mask, calculate

the network address, host addresses and broadcast

address

e Refer to 6.5.4.1 Activity

Given the host IP address and the subnet mask, enter the network

address in binary and decimal

Host Address 10 148 100 54 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 240

Host Address in binary | 00001010 10010100 01100100 00110110 Subnet Mask in binary | 11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000

Network Address in binary

Network Address in decimal

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° Given a pool of addresses and masks, assign a host

parameter with address, mask and gateway

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MMMM TINT TTT TTT TTT

° Given a diagram of a multi-layered network, address

range, number of hosts in each network and the

ranges for each network, create a network scheme

that assigns addressing ranges to each network

e Refer to 6.5.6.1

Given the network address and the subnet mask, define the range of hosts, the broadcast

address, and the next network address

Network Address in decimal Subnet Mask in decimal Network address in binary Subnet Mask in binary First Usable Host IP Address in decimal Last Usable Host IP Address in decimal

Broadcast Address in decimal

Next Network Address in decimal

4th octet

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Testing the Network Layer

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° Describe the general purpose of the PING command,

trace the steps of its operation in a network, and use

the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is

operational on a local host

Testing Local TCP/IP Stack

4 Local Area Connection Properties

Pinging the local host confirms that cnnec t Lsing:

TCP/IP is installed and working on HB Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx GicabitC

the local host

Traasmission Control P-otozolAnternet Protocol The default

wids arsa network protocad that pravices commuricaton cross diverse inte cornected networks

Pinging 127.0.0.1 causes a device to

ping itself [Vv Shaw icon in notification erea when connected

[¥ Netify me whe ths connecticn has limited or no connectivity,

Tiêu đề	Addressing the network – IPv4
Trường học	Học viện mạng Bách khoa
Thể loại	Tài liệu

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