Tài liệu Chapter 10 - Planning and Cabling Networks CCNA Exploration 4.0 ppt

mm 011 1Ẳ 11111110 BACHKHOA NETWORKING AKADEMY LANs — Making the Physical Connections Hoc vién mang Bach khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com... Basic Network Media Required to Make a LAN C

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Chapter 10 - Planning and Cabling Networks

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- Identify the different cabling types, standards and ports used

for WAN connections

- Define the role of device management connections;when

using Cisco equipment

e Design an addressing scheme for an inter-network and assign

ranges for hosts, network devices and thesrouter-interface

° Compare and contrast the importance, ef network designs

Hoc vién mang Bach khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

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LANs — Making the Physical

Connections

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Basic Network Media Required to Make a LAN Connection

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° Select the appropriate hardware, including the cabling,

to install several computers together in a LAN

Planning & Cabling a Network

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Hubs: for small LAN

Switches: for LAN

Học viện mạng Bach khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

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° Number of factors that need to be considered

Factors to Consider in Choosing a Device

SPEED

EXPANDABLE/ MODULAR MANAGEABLE

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A failure of any of these switches only affects the directly connected PCs

The failure of either of these

central switches does not

stop network operation

Two central switches with redundancy

C O st Multiple switches, connected

with a central switch

e The cost of a switch is determined by: capacity (portavailable and

switching speed), features, network management capabilities, security technologies, and optional advanced switching technologies

° "cost per port" calculation, cable length

e The invest in redundancy The effect if there are problems with a single central switch

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Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces

e The speed : 10/100/1000 Mbps Can increased speeds without»replacing

the devices

e The number and type of ports:

— Just enough ports for today's needs?

— A mixture of UTP speeds?

— Both UTP and fiber ports?

e The number of UTP ports and fiber ports will be needed The number of

1 Gbps ports and 10/100 Mbps ports

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Factors to Consider in Choosing a Router

° Similar to the switch, cost and interface tyoes and speeds must be

considered as well Additional factors:

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Operating System Features

e features and services such as:

— Security

— Quality of Service (QoS)

— Voice over IP (VoIP)

— Routing multiple Layer 3

— Special services such as NAT

Each series of Cisco router provides expandability, The budget is an important

SEPRDEE TOL OIE eee news aH VETO consideration he media used to

system features and services

connect totthe router should be supported without needing to purchase additional modules

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Types of Connections ina LAN

LAN Cabling Areas

Four physical areas to

ea Backbone Cabling ° Telecommunications

room, also known as the

distribution facility

e Backbone cabling, also known as vertical cabling

° Distributiomcabling, also Knownas horizontal

Work Area cabling

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TVpes of Connections in a LAN

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° Total Cable Length

— Attenuation phenomenon

— For UTP: spans four areas, maximum distance is 100 meters per channel Up to 5 meters of patch cable for interconnecting patch panels as well as cable from the cable termination point on the wall to the telephone or

computer

° Work Areas

— EIA/TIA standard: From end devices to the,wall:jacks

have a maximum length of 10 meters

— Straight-through cable and crossover cable is typically used

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Telecommunications Room

Is where connections to intermediary devices take place Contains the

intermediary devices - hubs, switches, routers, and data service units (DSUs) - that tie the network together These devices provide the

transitions between the backbone cabling and the horizontal cabling Patch cords connects between the patch panels and the intermediary devices Patch cables also interconnect these intermediary devices

Also contains the servers used by the network

Horizontal Cabling

To connect the telecommunication rooms with the work areas, 90

meters max

Backbone Cabling, or vertical cabling

To connect the telecommunication rooms to the equipment rooms,

where the servers are often located Also interconnects»multiple

telecommunications rooms Sometimes routed outside the `building to the WAN connection or ISP

Are used for aggregated traffic Backbones«typically require high

bandwidth media such as fiber-optic cabling

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Types of Media: factors to consider

Susceptible to EMI/RFI Wireless

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1000Base-T 1Gbps CatSe UTP 100m

1000Base-TX 1Gbps Cat6 UTP 100m

1000Base-SX 1Gbps Multi-Mode Fiber 550m

1000Base-LX 1Gbps Single Mode

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Example: User location

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Cable Length

The total length: from the end devices to the intermediary device

(includes from devices to wall plug, from wall plug to cross-connecting point, or patch panel, and from patch panel to the switch)

The longer the media, the more attenuation will affect the signal

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Ease of Installation

Varies according to cable types and building architecture

UTP cable: lightweight, flexible, small diameter, which allows it to fit

into small spaces The connectors, RJ-45 plugs: easy to install

Fiber-optic cables: contain a thin glass fiber Crimps or sharp bends

can break the fiber Connectors (ST, SC, MT-Ru): difficult to install and require special equipment

Wireless networks: easier to install than UTP or fiber cable Be effected

by radio frequency devices and building construction

Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency Interference

Must be considered when choosing a media type

Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lighting,cand

other communications devices, including computers‘and radio

equipment

Wireless is the medium most susceptible tovRFI Before using wireless technology, potential sources of interference must be identified and, if possible, minimized

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RJ45 T568A & T568B Termination

Pair 3 Zz Pair 4 Pair 2 ^ Pair 4

T568B (Top View)

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Straight-through UTP Cables

Pair 3 sân Pair 4 Pair 3 vai Pair 4 ° A straight-through cable has

AVIVAY "71/17 terminated the same In

1234561 ‘ Ag! 4 a) accordance with either the

T568A ` 47 mon ° UJse stralght-through cables for

Pair 3 Pair 3 the following connections:

Pair2 Pair Pair 4 Pair2 Pair’ Pair 4

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Pair3 Pair Pair 4

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Crossover UTP Cables

One end is T568A pinout, and the other end is 1568B pinout

Uses crossover cables for:

Switch to switch Switch to hub

Hub to hub

Router to router Ethernet,port connection

Computer to computer Computer to: router Ethernet port

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Making LAN Connections

Identify the correct UTP cable type and likely category to connect different

intermediate and end devices in a LAN

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MDI/MDIX Selection

Many devices allow the UTP Ethernet port to be set to MDI or

MDIX This can be done in one of three ways, depending on the features of the device:

On some devices, ports may have a mechanism that electrically swaps the transmit and receive pairs The port can be changed

from MDI to MDIX by engaging the mechanism

Some devices allow for selecting whether a port functions asMDI

or as MDIX

Many newer devices have an automatic crossover feature:;On

some devices, this auto-detection is performed by-default Other devices require an interface configuration command for enabling MIDX auto-detection

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e There are some connectors associate with V35 serial cable

Router: Male Smart Serial Network: Male Winchester Block Type

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Types of Connections in a LAN

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Types of WAN Connections - Serial

Provider EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 V.35 X.21

Network Connections at the CSU/DSU

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Data Terminal Equipment: Data Communications Equipment:

- End of the user's device on the WAN Link * End of the WAN provider's side of the

communication facility + Responsible for providing clocking signal

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The Device Management Connection

Device with Console

RJ-45-to-RJ-45

— 5 Rollover Cable mii ty

RJ-45-to-DB-9 Adapter labeled TERMINAL

PCs require an RJ-45 to DB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter

COM port settings are 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control

This provides out-of-band console access

AUX switch port may be used for a modem-connected console

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Developing an Addressing Scheme

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Design an Addressing Scheme for an Inter-network

° Determine the total number of hosts Consider every device that will

require an IP address, now and in the future

e The end devices requiring an IP address include:

— User computers

— Administrator computers

— Servers

— Other end devices such as printers, IP phones, and IP cameras

e Network devices requiring an IP address include:

— Router LAN interfaces

— Router WAN (serial) interfaces

e Network devices requiring an IP address for managementinclude:

— Switches

— Wireless Access Points

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Count the number of Count other specialty IP

interfaces, and not the devices as well

° Number of subnets <= 2" - 2 with nis numberof bits

that are borrowed(Subnet zero nowibé supported)

¢ Number of hosts <= 2" - 2 with his.ntimber of bits that

are remained

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e There are many reasons to divide a network into subnets: 2

— Manage Broadcast Traffic

— Different Network Requirements

— Security

° Counting the Subnets

— Each subnet, as a physical network segment, requires a router

interface as the gateway for that subnet

— In addition, each connection between routers is a separate subnet

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° To assist troubleshooting and expedite adding new hosts

to the network, use addresses that fit a common pattern

across all subnets Each of these different device types

should be allocated to a logical block of addresses within the address range of the network Some of the different

categories for hosts are:

— General users

— Special users

— Network resources

— Router LAN interfaces

— Router WAN links

— Management access

° In addition, remember to documenf-your!P addressing

scheme on paper This will be an important aid in

troubleshooting and evolving the network

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Calculation the Subnets

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Calculating Address: Case 1

Instructor Computers Student Computers

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Calculating Addresses without VLSM Address Ranges for Subnets

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Device interfaces

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Console Interface Serial Interfaces

| Router back

FastEthernet Interfaces Auxiliary Interface panel

e LAN Interfaces — Ethernet, FastEthernet

° WAN Interfaces — Serial

° Management Interfaces:

- Console Interface

- Auxiliary (AUX) Interface

Tiêu đề	Planning and Cabling Networks CCNA Exploration 4.0
Trường học	Học viện mạng Bách khoa
Thể loại	Tài liệu

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