1 Vinh university foreign languages department ===  === g r a d u a t i o n p a p e r The primary auxiliary verbs in English and the errors made by students Supervisor: Lª ®×nh th¶o(MA) Student: NguyÔn nam thóy Class: 41A 2 English Course: 2000 - 2004 Vinh - 2004 =  = contents Page part a: introduction 1 1. The reasons for choosing the subject .…………………………………… 5 2. The aims of the subject 5 3. The scope of the subject . 6 4. Method of the subject 6 5. Design of the subject 6 part b: contents chapter I: parts of sentence and general knowledge of auxiliary verbS 7 1.1. Parts of sentence 2 7 1.1.1 Definition of the sentence . 7 1.1.2. Parts of sentence . 7 1.2 The need for auxiliary verbs 8 1.3 Function of auxiliary in sentence 8 1.4. Types of verbs . 9 1.4.1. Lexical verbs 9 1.4.2.Semi-auxiliary . 10 1.4.3.Auxiliary verbs . 11 1.4.3.1.Primary auxiliary . 11 3 1.4.3.2.Modal auxiliary . 11 chapter II: The primary auxiliary verbs in english 13 2.1. Definition . 13 2.2. When do we use primary auxiliary verbs? 14 2.2.1. The primary auxiliaries in questions and short answers 14 2.2.2. The primary auxiliaries in agreement and disagreement to ideas . 15 2.2.3.The primary auxiliary verbs in tag questions . 15 2.2.4. The primary auxiliary verbs in comment tags . 16 2.2.5 Theprimaryauxiliary in the addition to ideas . 16 2.2.6. The primary auxiliary in emphatic sentence . 17 4 2.2.7. The primary auxiliary in invesion . 17 2.2.8. The primary auxiliary in comparative sentence 17 2.3 .Pronounciation of the primary auxiliary . 17 2.4. The primary auxiliartesa as pro-forms 18 2.5. Positions of the primary auxiliary in complex verb phrase . 18 2.6. The primary auxiliary verbs: "be, have, do" 19 2.6.1. The auxiliary verb "be" . 19 2.6.1.1.The forms of "be" . 20 2.6.1.2. The usage of auxiliary "be" . 20 2.6.2. The auxiliary verb "have" 22 2.6.2.1. The forms of "have" 5 22 2.6.2.2. The usage in tenses 23 2 2.3.The usage in structures 23 2.6.3. The auxiliary "do" . 26 2.6.3.1 .The forms . 26 2.6.3.2.The usage of auxiliary "do" . .26 chapter III: some errors made by students with primary auxiliary verbs and the comparison of those with vietnamese 31 3.1. Practical application 31 3.1.1. Some errors that pupils often meet. 31 3.1.1.1. Missing some auxiliaries contracted after pronouns when listening 31 6 3.1.1.2. Errors in questions 32 3.1.1.3. Pupils can’t distinguish the primary auxiliary verbs and ordinary verbs 32 3.1.1.4. Using the primary auxiliary verbs that aren’t appropriate to the subject 33 3.1.1.5. Errors with inversion of auxiliary verbs in the embeded questions: 33 3.1.2. Some exercises for practising primary auxiliary verbs in English: . 35 3.2. The differences and similarities of the primary auxiliary verbs in English and Vietnamese 40 3.2.1. The differences: 40 3.2.2. The similarities 43 part c :conclusion 45 7 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In order to finish this study, I have received useful advice, encourgement from my teachers, relatives, and friends. Firstly, I would like to express my deep gratitude to all our teachers in Foreign Language Department for providing me with a good chance to study, especially to my supervisor MA. Le Dinh Thao who helped me so much, gave me great support and useful advice to complete this study. I also would like to thank the teachers Cao Phuong and Do Thi Kim Lien who gave me useful advice for the parts of comparison. I am particularly grateful to my family, relatives who encouraged me and helped me so much through my study. And lastly, I really would like to give my thankful words to my close friends, classmates who gave me advice to complete this study. Vinh, April 2004 9 Part a: introduction 1. The reasons for choosing the subject When I was at the high school I met many words such as: do, have, be . They are used differently depending on person and tenses, I got trouble with them which I knew in the later time, they are auxiliary verbs.This itself has created by curiousity and enthusiasm and from that I have tried to read the materials and gradually, I realize the differences between ordinary and auxiliary verbs . Morever, I used to be a pupil so I understand that errors are not avoidable when using auxiliary so I want to find errors made by pupils at the high school Furthermore, vocabulary in general and auxiliary in particular are not theoritically valuable but also useful for both teaching and learning English. And it will help us much if we understand more about auxiliary. Finally, with this study, I have a good chance to find out some relationships between two languages so that I can see the beauty of two languages. These are the reasons why I choose this subject for my graduation paper. 2. The aims of the study: This study aim is to give a chance to study and improve our knowledge about auxiliary. This study investigates primary auxiliary in English and find out the so- called phenomenon in Vietnamese in order to build a profound understanding of how to use primary auxiliary and their importance in sentences. Morever, the study helps readers avoid mistakes when using primary auxiliary. And finally, I want to provide the readers with some kinds of exercises and through them I hope that teachers can draw experiences in their teaching English. 3. The scope of the study : 10 . Auxiliary verbs in general, and the primary auxiliary verbs as well as the contrastive analysis of primary auxiliary in English and the equivalents in Vietnamese. They combine with the present participles or the past participles or infinitive to form ordinary verbs, they are not added to the meaning of the main verbs.