just as … : ngay khi 27 đảo ngữ : khi từ mang nghĩa phủ định đứng đầu câu Gồm các từ như: Seldom, never, neithercũng không, nor cũng không, not, never before, on no account không vì bất [r]
Trang 1CẤU TRÚC ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC 1) Always/ constantly (lien tục) / continually (lien tục) / forever (mãi) : dung thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi muốn than
phiền
Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking.
2) be : dung thì hiện tại tiếp diễn khi nói về sự tạm thời/nhất thời, không phải bản chất.
Ex: He is being naughty now (cậu ấy đang nghịch ngợm ) He is usually obedient (cậu âý thường ngoan).
3) bị động: “be/get V3/ed”
4) bị động truyền khiến (nhờ người khác làm gì) : have / get sth done ( Vd: I had my car washed yesterday – tôi
đem xe đi rửa (tiệm rửa) Tuy nhiên, thường dùng “get” nếu có “must” (Ex: I must get my car serviced), nếu có sự
nỗ lực (Ex: I eventually -cuối cùng got the car fixed) , và “trong câu mệnh lệnh” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi cắt tóc
đi)
(ai bị lấy cắp/… cái gì ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterday- tôi bị mất xe)
- chủ động truyền khiến: have sb do sth , get/ask sb to do sth : nhờ ai làm gì
5) should + V1 : khi đi sau các động từ như: “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc dục) / demand (đòi hỏi) /
prefer / insist / request …” hoặc sau cấu trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary that / It’s good that …”
Ex: He advised that you should go home It’s important that we should be modest (phải có that mới dùng should,
nếu không có that thì dùng to-V)
-ta có thể bỏ should trong cấu trúc này
Ex: He advised that you go home It’s important that we be modest
6) need V-ing : cần được = need to be V3/ed
7) is/are to + V1 = have to (tương lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students are to assemble in the hall at 9:00) 8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + V-ing : sắp
9) wouldn’t V1: không chịu = refused to V1 (quá khứ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say)
Won’t V1: sẽ không chịu (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù bạn nói gì, cô ấy sẽ
không chịu nói sự thật đâu)
10) would V1: thường làm gì trong quá khứ (chỉ đi với động từ hành động) (Ex: Every week he’d buy his mother a
bunch of flowers)
11) used to V1: đã từng, đã thường (+ động từ hành động/trạng thái) (Ex: I used to like (trạng thái) ice-cream; I used to go (hành động) swimming a lot)
12) was going to V1: đã dự định (nhưng không làm)
13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi tự hỏi là bạn có muốn… (dùng quá khứ nhưng nói hiện tại : lịch sự) 14) have/has been V-ing: thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đến giống thì hiện tại hoàn thành,
cách dung 2: hành động đã chấm dứt nhưng để lại kết quả ở hiện tại
Ex: I’ve been running That’s why I’m hot
15) Don’t touch the switch (công tắc) Bị động: The switch isn’t to be touched (Công tắc không được chạm) 16) happen to V1 : tình cờ
17) should trong mệnh đề If : khả năng khó thể xảy ra (người nói không nghĩ sẽ xảy ra)
Trang 2Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (Nếu bạn có gặp Ann, hãy nói cô ấy gọi tôi nhé?)
If your goods should have mistake, please let us know (Nếu hàng của bạn bị lỗi, hãy báo chúng tôi biết) 18) will/would trong mệnh đề If : lịch sự và nhấn mạnh.
Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free (Nếu bạn chờ ở đây, tôi sẽ đi xem Bà Green có rảnh
không)
19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (nếu không có bạn giúp)
20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within Nếu thích, hãy nộp đơn vào trong)
Ex: If necessary, take a taxi
21) Đảo ngữ mệnh đề If : bỏ If và đảo “Had / Were / Should” ra trước S.
Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me?
22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (hoặc were V-ing) : đã đến lúc
It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + for O + to V1
23) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : muốn ai làm gì
Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): muốn làm gì (hơn là…) = would sooner … than …
24) prefer to-V1 / V-ing : thích hơn
Prefer V-ing to V-ing : thích … hơn …
Would prefer: thích hơn (Ex: I’d prefer it if you didn’t go Điều kiện 2)
Would prefer + O + to-V1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go)
25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : hiếm khi (nghĩa phủ định)
26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : ngay khi … thì…
just as … : ngay khi
27) đảo ngữ : khi từ mang nghĩa phủ định đứng đầu câu
Gồm các từ như: Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on no account (không vì bất cứ lý do nào), under/in no circumstances (dù trong hoàn cảnh nào), at no time = never, by no means (không hề, không bao giờ), not only, barely (chỉ, vừa mới), only (only then, only once (chỉ một khi), only later, only by…) , hardly, no sooner…
Ex: Only then did she realize the truth Hardly had they finished work when the light went out.
-Not until, only when, only if : đứng đầu câu đảo ngữ mệnh đề 2.
Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner.
Đảo ngữ với so / such:
-So + adj + was + S that …: quá đến nỗi (Ex: So hot was the day that he took off his shirt)
-Such + was + S that … : quá … đến nỗi (Ex: Such was his hunger (cơn đói) that he couldn’t go on learning) -Đảo trạng ngữ nơi chốn/phương hướng chuyển động ra đầu câu đảo luôn động từ ra trước chủ từ ( với
điều kiện S là cụm danh từ)
Ex: Her father stood in the doorway In the doorway stood her father.
A portrait of the King was above the fireplace Above the fireplace was a portrait of the King.
Here is/comes Sandra’s car (nhưng “Here she is” không đảo động từ vì S là đại từ “she”)
The rocket (tên lửa) went up Up went the rocket.
-Đảo ngữ trong câu so sánh bằng và hơn với “as / than”:
Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was The cake was excellent, as was the coffee.
Children watch more television than adults do Children watch more television than do adults.
Trang 328) Although / when / if / since (từ khi) + V3,ed / V-ing / Adj : là dạng rút gọn mệnh đề (khi S của 2 mệnh đề
giống nhau)
Ex: Although sick, he tried to come
29) whether … or … : dù … hay …
Whether … (or not) : dù/liệu ….hay không
30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không
Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid (= whether or not he speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …)
31) Much as … = although : mặc dù
Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home.
32) Adj + though / as … : mặc dù
Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly (ngủ ngon)
33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although
34) mục đích của hành động: for + N = to-V1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a new car)
Mục đích sử dụng của 1 đồ vật/thiết bị : for + V-ing (An umbrella is used for protecting us from the sun or
rain)
35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : miễn là = if
Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : giả sử = if
Given that = Assuming that : cứ cho là = if
In case + S V: lỡ mà
But for + cụm danh từ : nếu không vì
Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would do if we won the competition.)
Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián điệp)! (What would you say?)
36) As if …= as though… : như thể
Ex: He acts as if he were in charge (sự thật: he isn’t in charge) (không thật ở hiện tại)
He acts as if he is in charge (sự thật: he is in charge) (thật ở hiện tại)
You look as if you had just seen a ghost (trông bạn như thể vừa gặp ma) (không thật ở quá khứ)
37) as + mệnh đề / N : như, như là
like + mệnh đề / N : như, giống như
38) It was ….that….: chính là ….mà… (trước “that” là danh từ/ trạng từ / đại từ gì cũng được)
It was ….who / whom / which … : chính là … mà…(theo quy tắc của mệnh đề quan hệ)
Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present ( = Mary gave you the present)
39) Mệnh đề danh từ làm S động từ chia số ít
Ex: What surprised me was his calmness (= His calmness surprised me)
That he didn’t come was surprising ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come)
40) Câu hỏi đuôi:
-I am …., aren’t I?
-V1 …., will you? (câu mệnh lệnh)
-Don’t …., will you? (mệnh lệnh phủ định)
- Let’s…, shall we?
Trang 4-This / that is …., isn’t it?
- There is …., isn’t there?
- có từ mang nghĩa phủ định như “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , khẳng định?
41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : mệnh đề quan hệ
Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired
= The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired
42) must + V1 : chắc là phủ định: can’t V1 : không thể nào (suy đoán hiện tại)
must have V3/ed : chắc là đã phủ định : can’t have V3/ed : không thể nào đã (suy đoán quá khứ)
- tương tự suy đoán ít chắc chắn hơn với: “may / might / could” : có thể
mustn’t V1: không được phép
should V1 : nên (khuyên ở hiện tại)
should have V3/ed : lẽ ra đã nên (tiếc nuối chuyện quá khứ)
43) If I were you, … : là lời khuyên
44) almost = nearly : hầu như, gần như (thường đi với “all, every”)
Ex : Almost everyone likes this food
Most people : hầu hết mọi người (nói chung)
Most of the people : hầu hết mọi người (nói riêng về 1 bộ phận người đan nói)
45) Nguyên tắc 1 : hai câu không nối nhau bằng dấu phẩy, mà phải có liên từ (so, and, but, although…)
Nguyên tắc 2: cụm Ving/ p.p luôn có chủ từ giống mệnh đề sau
Nguyên tắc 3: không có chủ từ, không chia thì
46) tính từ / danh từ / V3/ed / V-ing / to-V1 : có thể đứng sau và bổ nghĩa cho N
Ex: Make the world happy; consider him good
Make the world a better place; consider him the leader
The house destroyed in the fire has been rebuilt (destroyed : bị phá huỷ bị động)
The house standing near the pine garden is mine (standing : đứng chủ động)
Who was the last person to leave the room?
47/ Tính từ/ V-ing / V3,ed / to-V : ĐỨNG ĐẦU CÂU HOẶC CUỐI CÂU LÀM TRẠNG NGỮ, NGĂN với mệnh đề chính BẰNG DẤU PHẨY (thực chất đây là dạng rút gọn mệnh đề)
- V-ing , S + V : nghĩa chủ động ( Finishing homework, she went to bed)
Having V3/ed , S + V : đã (Having finished homework, she went to bed)
- V3/ed , S + V : nghĩa bị động (bị, được) (Cooked well, the food was more delicious)
- To-V , S + V : Để … (To save money, I have to skip breakfast)
- Tính từ, S+ V (Tired, she went to bed early)
48) Bare infinitive: nguyên mẫu không to
God save the Queen!
Long live the King! = May the King live long! Chúc Hoàng thượng vạn tuế
Be that as it may, … : Tuy vậy = Nevertheless
Come what may, … : Dù chuyện gì xảy ra = Whatever may come / happen
49) No matter what = whatever + (N) + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter what …
No matter how = however + adj/adv + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter how …
Tương tự với who/whoever, where/wherever, when/ whenever…
50) likely (adj) : có thể
It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight: rất có thể là cô ấy sẽ gọi điện cho tôi tối nay
Trang 5He is likely to come now : anh ấy có thể đến bây giờ
51) Given + cụm danh từ, … căn cứ vào
Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner =Ở tuổi anh ta, anh ta thật là một người chạy rất nhanh
41) regardless of …: bất chấp
allergic to … (adj) : dị ứng với, ghét, có ác cảm với
However, … : tuy nhiên (có thể đứng cuối / giữa câu)
Nevertheless, … : tuy vậy (trang trọng hơn However)
While = Whereas …: trong khi (nối 2 ý tương phản)
NGOẠI LỆ ĐỌC /id/ khi thêm –ed:
* aged : có tuổi là, lớn tuổi (adj)
* blessed : thần thánh, thiêng liêng, hạnh phúc, may mắn (adj)
* crooked : cong, oằn, còng (adj)
* dogged : ngoan cường, bền bỉ (adj)
* learned : học rộng, uyên bác (adj)
* naked : trần (adj)
* ragged : xơ xác, tả tơi, bù xù (adj)
* wicked : xấu xa, độc ác, nguy hiểm (adj)
* wretched : khốn khổ, cùng khổ, bất hạnh (adj)
PHRASAL VERBS:
Cut down on = reduce the amount of : cắt giảm
Catch up with = reach the same place as : bắt kịp
Come up against = meet , encounter (gặp phải)
Come up with = think of : nghĩ ra
Drop in on = visit : ghé thăm
Face up to V-ing = accept , deal with : chấp nhận, giải
quyết
Feel up to = feel fit to do : cảm thấy khoẻ
Get away with = avoid discovery : trốn đi với
Get on with = continue with : tiếp tục với
Get round to V-ing = find time to do : có thời gian
Get up to = do, often something wrong : làm chuyện
gì sai
Go in for = have as a hobby : thích
Grow out of = become too old for : quá già để
Keep up with = stay in the same place as : bắt kịp,
theo kịp
Look down on = disrespect : coi thường
Look up to = respect : coi trọng
Look forward to : mong
Make up for = compensate for : bồi thường cho, đền
cho
Put up with = bear : chịu đựng
Run out of = have no more of : hết, cạn
Stand up for = defend : ủng hộ
Ask after = ask for news of : hỏi thăm
Call for = come and collect : đến rước
Call on = visit : ghé thăm Come across = find by chance : tình cờ gặp / thấy Come into = inherit : thừa kế
Count on = depend on : phụ thuộc vào Deal with = take action about : giải quyết
Do without = manage without : tự xoay sở mà không có
Get at = suggest : đề nghị Get over = recover from : bình phục
Go over = discuss the details : thào luận chi tiết Join in = contribute to : tham gia, đóng góp vào Live on = have as income : sống dựa vào Look into = investigate : điều tra
Look round = look at everything : nhìn quanh Make for = go in the direction of : đi về hướng Pick on = choose a person to punish : chọn ai để phạt Run into = meet by chance : tình cờ gặp
See about = arrange : sắp xếp See to = take care of, attend to : quan tâm, chú ý Stand for = tolerate : chịu đựng
= đại diện cho, viết tắt của Take after = have the same characteristic as : giống Call off = cancel : huỷ bỏ
Leave out : chừa lại, bỏ qua Make up = invent : bịa Put aside = save : để dành Put off = postpone : hoãn
Trang 6Put sb up = provide accommodation : cho ở nhờ
Show sb around = give a guided tour : đưa đi tham
quan (nơi nào)
Take over = buy a company, take sb’s place : tiếp
quản, đảm trách
Take up = start a hobby : bắt đầu chơi…
Tear up = tear into pieces : xé vụn
Think over = consider : suy nghĩ kỹ
Try out = use for the first time : thử dung
Turn down = refuse an offer : từ chối
Wear out = make tired : làm mệt lã
Work out = find a solution : giải quyết
Break down = stop working : hư hỏng
Break out = begin suddenly : nổ ra (chiến tranh) Come out = be published : ra mắt, được xuất bản Get away = escape : trốn thoát
Give in = yield : nhượng bộ, nhường Plead with : nài nỉ
Go off = explode, ring : nổ, reo Look out = watch out : cẩn thận, coi chừng Show off = behave to attract attention : khoe khoang Take off = leave the ground : cất cánh
= cởi ra Turn up = arrive : đến, xuất hiện Wear off = fade away : mờ dần, yếu dần, phai dần
COMMUNICATION:
1/ - Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening? – That would be great
2/ - I’m awfully sorry about your carpet You must let me pay to have it cleaned – Don’t worry It’s all right 3/ - More coffee anybody? – I’d love some
4/ - Excuse me, but is it far from here to Anglesham? – Just keep going along this road
5/ - I wish you wouldn’t smoke in here! – Sorry, shall I open the window?
6/ - Could you tell me whether this train stops at Hatfield? – I believe it does
7/ - Shall I collect the tickets for you? – That would be a real help
8/ -What would you do in my situation? – I think you should ask for a loan (khoản vay) from the bank
9/ - How do you do I’m Bill Thompson - How do you do (xin chào)
10/ - What do you think of my new car? – It’s all right, I suppose
11/ - Do you promise to pay me back at the end of the month? – I promise
12/ - Can I use your phone? – Of course / you can’t / you mustn’t
13/ -Where do you suggest I stay? – I recommend the Hilton
13/ - I can’t stop worrying about my exam tomorrow – I’m sure you’ll do well
14/ -Would you mind move your bag from the seat? – Oh, sorry
15/ - How kind, you really shouldn’t have bothered – It was nothing, really
( Bạn thật tốt bụng, bạn thật sự lẽ ra không nên phiền làm gì.)
16/ -Is it all right if I use your bike? – Sure, go ahead
Chúc mừng:
1 —Well done and congratulations to you —Thanks very much
2 —I hope you’ll succeed in everything —So do I
3 —I wish you success —Thank you
4 —We send you our best wishes —Thank you very much
5 —Happy new year ! —Happy new year!（The same to you.）
6 —A merry Christmas to you —Thank you
7 —I hope you’ll have a good time —Thank you
8 —Happy Birthday! —Thank you
Mời:
1 —Would you like to come to the party? —Oh yes, thank you
2 —I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday —I’m sorry, but I can’t
3 —Will you go dancing with us? —Of course I'll be glad to
4 —Will you come to our English Evening? —Yes, thank you
5 —Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? —OK When?
Trang 76 —You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes.
—OK Thank you very much
Biểu lộ đồng ý và không đồng ý:
1 —I think the shop is closed at this time of day
—No, I think it’s open
2 —I think foreign languages are more interesting than science
—I really can’t agree with you I prefer science
3 —I think I shall read a book instead
—Good idea That’s much better than watching a bad TV Programme
4 —I don’t think that it's true He’s always telling strange stories
—I know But this time I can’t decide if he is right or not
5 —I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject —Maybe But I prefer art
6 —Don’t think in Chinese when you’re speaking English —You are quite right
Xin lỗi:
1 —Sorry to trouble you —That’s all right
2 —Oh, I am so sorry —That’s quite all right
3 —I’m sorry to give you so much trouble —No trouble at all
4 —I’m sorry I lost the key to your bike —It doesn’t matter
5 —Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time —It doesn’t matter
6 —You haven’t paid for it yet —Oh, I’m really very sorry
Khuyên bảo,đề nghị
1 —The park isn’t far from here Shall we walk there? —OK
2 —You’d better close the windows It’s cold in the room —All right
3 —If you are not better by then, I’ll take you to see the doctor
—OK Thank you very much
4 —You must look after yourself and keep healthy —Yes, I will Thanks
5 —The museum is very far from here Let’s catch a bus, shall we?
—OK Let's catch a bus
6 —You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, do it well
—Thank you for your advice
Gọi điện:
1 —Hello! —Hello, Bill? —No, this is Sam —Hi, Sam This is Mike How are you?
2 —Hello —Hello May I speak to Mr Green?
3 —No 5 Middle School —Mr Green, please —I’m sorry Mr Green is not in —When will he be back? —About six this afternoon —All right I'll ring again then —Very well
4 —Hello! —Hello, Han Mei Could I borrow your Chinese-English Dictionary please? —Sorry! It’s not a very good line Could you speak more loudly?
—Could I borrow your Chinese-English dictionary?
—Sure I’ll bring it to you tomorrow
—Thank you Goodbye
Xin phép:
1 —Please let me help you —No, thanks I can carry it
2 —Can I see your licence, please? —OK
3 —May I call you James? —Of course, if you wish
4 —Could I borrow a pen, please? —Of course With pleasure
5 —Excuse me May I use your dictionary? —Yes, here you are
6 —May I ask you several questions? —Yes, of course
Trang 8Giup người khác:
1 —May I help you? —Oh yes, thank you
2 —Let me help you with the bags —Well, I can manage all right Thanks just the same
3 —Can we help you? —I want to go to hospital But I can’t My leg hurts
4 —Must I clean the classroom now? —Oh, you needn’t
5 —Would you like a cup of tea? —Yes, please
6 —What can I do for you? —I’d like to have an English-English dictionary
Hỏi đường:
1 —Excuse me Where is the washroom, please? —Oh, it’s over there
2 —Excuse me Can you tell me where the bookshop is?
—Look! It’s on the other side of the road
3 —How far is the post office, please? —Only a few kilometers
4 —Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?
—Go down this street At the end of the road you’ll see it
5 —Excuse me Could you tell me how I can get to the supermarket?
—Go straight along this road Then go over the bridge and turn right at the bookshop You’ll find it
Mua sắm:
1 —What can I do for you? —I’d like some apples
2 —Where can I buy some stationery?
—Let’s look at the shopping guide Oh, it’s on the ground Floor
3 —Could I buy half a kilo oranges? —Certainly Here you are
4 —Will you please show me that radio? —Certainly
5 —How much is the radio? —Ninety yuan
6 —Good morning, sir May I help you? —Yes, I’d like to buy a sweater
Nói chuyện thời tiết:
1 —It’s a fine day for a walk —Yes, the air is nice and clean
2 —Oh dear! It’s very cold today —Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes
3 —What’s the weather like today? —It’s fine
4 —What’s the weather like in your country now? —It’s very hot
5 —Lovely weather, isn’t it? —Yes, isn’t it?
6 —I missed the weather report this morning Did you hear it?
—Yes It said it would be partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest
Hỏi ngày,giờ:
1 —Hi, Mary What time is it now? —It’s about three
2 —What day is it today? —It’s Wednesday
3 —Excuse me Could you tell me what time the plane leaves?
—Certainly It leaves at ten in the evening
4 —What’s the time? My watch has stopped —Let me see It's five to ten
5 —Excuse me Have you got the time? —Yes, it’s six twenty
6 —Excuse me Could you tell me the time? —Oh sorry, I don’t have my watch with me
Cuộc hẹn:
1 —Are you free next Wednesday evening? I want to go to the cinema with you?
—Yes, I’d like to
2 —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?
—I don’t mind Either time is OK
3 —Are you free later today? —Sorry, I'm free every day except today
4 —Are you able to come tomorrow morning? —I think so
Trang 95 —Are you free this afternoon? —Oh no Will this evening be all right?
6 —I’m busy today What about tomorrow afternoon?
—That would be fine Shall we make it nine o'clock?
Cấm đoán,cảnh báo:
1 —Don’t climb that ladder! It’s broken —OK Thank you
2 —Look out! There’s a car coming —Oh, thank you
3 —You mustn’t play on the street It’s dangerous —No, we won’t
4 —Don’t touch the machine when it is working —No, I won’t Thank you
5 —You are not allowed to smoke here —Oh, I’m sorry
6 —You can’t walk your dog in the park —Oh, I’m sorry I’ll never do it again
Đi bác sĩ:
1 —I’m feeling tired, doctor —Have a good rest and then you’ll feel better
2 —How are you feeling today? —I’m feeling even worse
3 —Doctor, she is not feeling well —Nothing serious, I hope
4 —Doctor, do I have to take the medicine before or after meals?
—Three times a day after meals
5 —What’s the matter? —I’ve got a headache
6 —What’s your trouble?
—I’ve had a pain in my stomach since morning
Showing interest
1 Uh-huh!
3 Right!
3 Really?
4 That's interesting!
5 And?
6 What then?
7 Oh?
8 What happened next?
Showing that you're listening
1 Now, you mentioned
2 So, that's how ?
3 Yes, I was going to ask you about that
4 Could you give me / us an example of ?
5 Could you explain in more detail ?
Thanking and responding
1 Many thanks
2 Thanks a lot
3 Cheers!
4 That's very kind of you
5 Thank you very much
6 Not at all
7 It's a pleasure / My pleasure
8 You're welcome
9 Don't mention it
10 Any time
11 That's OK / all right
12 I'm glad to have been of some help
Apologizing
1 Sorry
Trang 102 I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry.
3 Excuse me
4 Sorry, (it was) my fault
5 I do apologize
6 Please accept my apologies
Accepting an apology
1 That's all right/OK
2 Not to worry
3 That's quite/perfectly all right
4 No reason/need to apologize
5 Don't worry about it
Talking About Actions
Giving instructions
1 Make sure
2 Remember (to do)
3 Be careful (not to do)
4 Don't forget (to do)
5 Giving directions
6 Go straight on
7 Take the first/second on the left / right
8 Turn left / right
9 Go along as far as
10 Take the number 7 bus / tram
12 Get off (the bus / tram) at (place)
13 Carry on until you see
14 Look out for
Checking someone has understood
1 Are you with me?
2 Did you follow that?
3 Have you got that?
4 Is everything clear so far?
5 Does that seem to make sense?
Sequencing actions
1 First of all,
2 Next,
3 Then,
4 After that,
5 Finally,
Making suggestions
1 Shall I / we (do)?
2 Let's (do)
3 Why don't I / we (do)?
4 How about (doing)?
5 What about (doing)?
6 I think we should (do)
7 I suggest that we (do)
8 It might be a good idea if we / you (do)
9 I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to (do)
10 If you ask me, I think we / you should (do)
12 We could
Agreeing to a suggestion
1 Yes, I think that's a good idea
2 That's probably the best option