Subordinate clause 1: who was an experienced mountaineerAdjectival clause qualifying the noun George in main clause 1 Subordinate clause 2: he set out towards the summit Adverbial clause
Trang 1Subordinate clause 1: who was an experienced mountaineer
Adjectival clause qualifying the noun George in main clause 1
Subordinate clause 2: he set out towards the summit
Adverbial clause modifying the verbs ‘checked’ in main clause 1 and ‘counted’ in main clause 2
Compound–complex sentence
Format 2 – clause analysis table
With this kind of analysis, the number of columns may be varied according to the degree of difficulty being practised.
Beginner 1
Sentence: The zoo was closed because a large lion had escaped.
Finite verbs Main clause Link Subordinate clause
was closed The zoo was
closed
because a large lion had escaped
Adverbial clause of reason modifying the verb ‘was closed’
in the main clause
Complex sentence
Beginner 2
Sentence: The zoo was closed for three days, because a large lion, which had been flown from Africa, had escaped.
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Finite verbs Main clause Link Subordinate clause Phrase
was closed
had
escaped
A The zoo was closed
because 1 a large lion had
escaped Adverbial clause of reason modifying the verb ‘was closed’ in the main clause
For three days Adverbial phrase
of time
had been
flown
which 2 had been flown
from Africa Adjectival clause qualifying the noun ‘lion’ in subordinate clause 1
from Africa Adverbial phrase
of place
Complex sentence
Advanced 1
Sentence: George, who was an experienced climber, checked his protective clothing and counted his supplies before he set out on his challenging climb towards the summit.
Finite verb Main clause Link Subordinate clause Phrase
was
checked
counted
set out
A George checked his protective clothing
B counted his supplies
who
and
1 who was an experienced climber Adjectival clause 1 qualifying the noun
‘George’ in main clause A
before 2 he set out on his
challenging climb Adverbial clause of time
Modifying the verbs
‘checked’
in main clause A and
‘counted’
in main clause B
towards the summit Adverbial phrase of place
Compound–complex sentence
Trang 3previous climber had planted beside a large boulder and he knew, without a doubt, that he was on the right track.
paused
noticed
was
had
planted
knew
was
A George
noticed a
marker
B he knew
When (conjunction)
where (conjunction)
which
and that
1 he paused Adverbial clause of time modifying the verb
‘noticed’ in main clause A
2 the ground was less steep Adverbial clause of place modifying the verb
‘paused’ in Subordinate clause 1
3 which the previous climber had planted
Adjectival clause qualifying the noun ‘marker’
in main clause A
4 he was on the right track noun clause object of the verb ‘knew’ in main clause B
I for a brief rest Adverbial phrase of reason modifying the verb ‘paused’ in Sub clause 1
II beside a large boulder Adverbial phrase of place modifying the verb
‘planted’ in Sub clause 3
III without a doubt Adverbial phrase of manner modifying the verb ‘knew’ in main clause B
Compound–complex sentence
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Format 3 – clause analysis tree
Beginner
Sentence: The zoo was closed for three days, because a large lion from Africa had escaped.
Complex sentence
The zoo was closed Main clause
for three days
Adverbial
phrase of time
modifying the
verb ‘closed’ in
main clause
because a large lion had escaped
from Africa
Adjectival phrase qualifying the noun ‘lion’
Adverbial clause of reason modifying the verb ‘was closed’ in main clause
Trang 5Sentence: When he paused for a brief rest, where the ground was less steep, George noticed a marker which the previous climber had planted beside a large boulder and he knew, without a doubt, that he was on the right track.
Compound–complex sentence
Main clause A
Main clause B
George noticed
a marker
he knew and
without doubt
when he paused
that
he was
on the right track
which the
previous
climber had
planted
for a brief rest
where the ground was less steep
Adverbial clause of place modifying the verb ‘paused’ in sub
clause 1
Noun clause Object of verb
‘knew’ in main clause B
Adjectival clause
qualifying the
noun ‘marker’ in
main clause A
Adverbial clause of time modifying the verb ‘noticed’ in main clause A
Adverbial phrase of manner modifying the verb ‘knew’ in main clause B
Adverbial phrase of reason modifying the verb ‘paused’ in sub clause 1
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A 27.1 Activities: clause analysis1 Students write sentences containing the following:
a one main clause only
b one main clause and two subordinate clauses
c two main clauses and two subordinate clauses
d one main clause, one adverbial clause and one adverbial phrase
e one main clause, one subordinate clause, one adjectival phrase and one adverbial phrase
2 Students are given a main clause surrounded by possible additions They fill in the dotted lines below each, naming its function, such as adjectival phrase, noun clause etc
Sentences for analysis – beginner
a The crocodile lunged, as the tourist bent down to take a photograph
b We tied balloons that the girls had blown up to the gate post
c Dad was furious when we lost his spanner and he threatened to punish us
d I hope you will give us a hand to cook lamingtons for the party
e Although the star of the show fell sick, her understudy played the part really well
(Adverbial clause of compassion) like a deer
Colin ran Main clause
after the thief
As fast as he could
who had stolen his
through the mall
although he had a bad knee
to get his wallet back
Trang 7f The show was as good as it was last year so we plan to go again next
year
g If you tell a lie you can be sure that the truth will find you out
h The food that we had accidentally left in the fridge was so smelly
that even the dog would not eat it
i Tie the ends as I showed you and then it will not come undone
Sentences for analysis – advanced
a I don’t know why you feel so guilty about a crime you did not
commit
b Ride as well as you can, because if you win I shall pay for you to have
lessons
c All through the night the drums sounded, warning the nearby tribes
that they were preparing for battle
d Although it was dark, we struggled on until we found the spot where
Taffy had spent that night, which had turned out to be his last
e Davy knew that the old man would bring the map showing the
site where the whisky barrels had been rolled up the beach by the
smugglers, whom he was now hoping to catch
f We ducked behind the building as we saw the horse, which had
been startled by the explosion, gallop up the street towards us
g The boss was so angry because he told me to pull the lever and
I pulled the wrong one, so all the machinery, which had been
switched on only ten minutes earlier, came to a grinding halt
h Tell me how we can persuade the mayor to change the by-laws that
have prevented us from parking near the town hall, even if we are
delivering goods
i The elephant lurched into the circus ring which was surrounded
by spectators and, while we watched in disbelief, he picked up the
clown and tossed him high into the air, whence he landed on a
strategically placed trampoline
j Although demand had increased, the service reduced its overtime
hours, because it felt that the efficient practices now in place were
benefiting the community which had previously been complaining
about the harm to family life