Tài liệu Cracking the Toefl IBT 2009 edition part 49 pdf

[Here, on this practice test, circle your answer below} A Square 1 B Square 2 C Square 3 D Square 4 498 | Cracking the TOEFLIBT Hormones inthe Body Unt the begining othe twent

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38 Look at the four squares [| that

indicate where the following

sentence could be added to the

passage

The body is a complex machine,

however, and recent studies have

called into question the wisdom of

essentially trying to fool its systems

into believing they aren't aging

Where would the sentence best fit

Click on a square [@] to add the

sentence to the passage

[Here, on this practice test, circle

your answer below}

(A) Square 1

(B) Square 2

(C) Square 3

(D) Square 4

498 | Cracking the TOEFLIBT

Hormones inthe Body Unt the begining othe twentieth century, the nervous sytem was thought to.conta al communication within the body andthe resulting negation of behaviot Scents tad determined that eres ran, essentially, on electrical impulses These impulses were thought lo be the engine fr thought, enatio,

‘movement, and nema processes such 2s digestion However, experiments by Willan Bays and Ernest Staring on the chemical secretin, which is produced inthe small itestne when fod eters he stomach, eventually challenged that

‘ew Fom the sll intestine, secretin raves through he bloodstream tothe pancreas Tete, stimulates the release of digestive chemicals Inti tation,

‘he intestinal els that produce seein tially equate production of ferent chemicals ina tern organ, the pancreas

‘cha coortnaion of processes had been hough fo equi contr by the

‘nervous system; Bayliss and Staring showed that i could occu through chemicals alone This discover spumed Staring fo coin the team hormone tocelerto secretin taking it tom the Greek word homon, meaning “to exci”

0 "tose in mation.” Ahormone is chemical produced by one issue fo make things happen elsewhere

‘As mare oxmanes were iscovered, hey were calegorized, primal according tothe proces by which they operated onthe body Some giands (wich make pte endocrine system) secrete hormones diet into the bloodstream Such

‘lands inclu the hyoid andthe pituitary The exoctine system consists

‘of organs and glands that produce substances ha ae used outside the

‘oodsteam, primarily for igeston The pancreas i oe such organ, although

it secretes some chemicals ino the blood and huss als parol the endocrine system,

‘Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery Some play such ane etme

amounts ofthe nght chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and Spoateeaars eae,

development of the body regulating growth and form: others may even define

caries cac

tn ac, some hormone therapies are already very common mA combination

of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades:

to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in

‘body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age m Known as

‘hormone replacement therapy (HRT) the treatment was also beleed to prevent veakening othe bones m Atleast one study has linked HAT wit a beghtened

‘isk of heart esease ad certain types of cancer HAT may also increase the liketinood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel {through the bloogstream and block major blood vessels—will form

‘Some proponents ot HAT have empeed their ethusiasm inthe foe o this new idence, recommencing it onl to patents whose symptoms inrlre wth thi: abies to five noxmal ves wb

Human growth hormone may also be given o patients who are secreting bnoimally low amounts on thei own Because ofthe complicated effects,

‘growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally

‘estrcted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it Growth hxmane atl no just physical size bt also he

‘igeston ol fod and he aging process Reseaichers an amily physicians tend to are thats foolhardy to dispense itn cassin which the risks rent Cet outweighed bythe benefits,

TOEFL Reading

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39 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage

is provided below Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer

choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some

sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that

are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage This

question is worth 2 points

The class of chemicals called hormones was

discovered by two researchers studying a

‘substance produced in the small intestine

Answer Choices

The term hormone is based on a

Greek word that means “to excite” or

set in motion."

Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it

Hormones can be given artificially,

but such treaiments have risks and

must be used carefully

Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion

Scientists have discovered that not

only the nervous system but also

certain chemicals can affect bodily

processes far from their points of

may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age

‘The Princeton Review TOEFL i8T Practice Test

THE LISTENING SECTION

This section measures your ability to understand lectures and conversations in English You will hear each selection only once Each lecture or conversation will be followed by a series of questions, typically about the main idea and supporting details Answer the questions in the order they appeat You may not skip a question and return to it You may take notes while you listen and use your notes to help you answer the questions

On the actual test, you will have 20 minutes to answer the questions ‘The time will not run down while you are listening

to the test material You will see screens similar to the ones shown in the next pages to introduce questions or provide instructions, such as “listen again to.”

To most closely simulate the actual test conditions, listen to the CD and then set a timer or ask a friend to time you for

20 minutes You will need to pause the CD after each question, but remember, give yourself only 20 minutes to finish the

entire section Begin now

Listening 1

Please play Track 11 of the accompanying CD,

500 | Cracking the TOEFLIBT

KT Ì

eS ae |

Now get ready to answer

the questions

You may use your notes

to help you answer

a

1 What does the man plan to write his paper

on?

(A) The preservation of old books

(B) The local coal industry

(C)_ A famous politician

The Princeton Review TOEFL iBT Practice Test | 501

Ste

2 What security procedures does the librarian tell the man he must follow?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Click on 2 answers

Show her his note cards before leaving

Allow his ID card to be copied

Submit a deposit of five dollars Sign in and out of the archives room

cee

3 Why does the woman say the archives need

to be kept secure?

(A)

(B) (C) (D)

Students from other universities frequently use the collection

Some items are worth a lot of money

Many items cannot be replaced

502 | Cracking the TOEFL BT

4 Why did the librarian mention the age of the

books?

(A) They need to be handled with gloves

(B) The man can only look at photographs of them

(C) They were added to the collection recently

(D) They have increased in value

Listen again to part

of the lecture

Then answer the question

The Princeton Review TOEFL iBT Practice Test | 503

5 What

(A) (B) (C) (D)

did the man mean by this? @

He is familiar with the way the prints are made

He understands why the prints are expensive

He may need a lot of prints

He isn’t sure he has enough money

504 | Cracking the TEFL iBT

Listening 2

Please play Track 12 on the accompanying CD

Pause the CD after each question

“TOEFL Listenlng

aig)

Psychology

The Princeton Review TOEFL iBT Practice Test | S05

Now get ready to answer

the questions

You may use your notes

to help you answer

506 | Cracking the TOEFLIBT

NI

6 What is the lecture mainly about?

(A) Why some events are more memorable than others (B) The process by which memories form in the brain (C) Research on animals that may help explain human memory

(D) Ways students can strengthen their abilities to remember things

Coco

ECE 00:01:40

7 Why does the professor say Walter Freeman

mentioned two types of crowds?

(A) People can be taught to recall information that has fallen into disuse

{B) Scientists are studying why some people have a better sense of direction than others

{C)_ Impulses in the brain may follow a pattern researchers don't yet understand

{D) Each individual person has a unique way of

The Princeton Review TOEFL iBT Practice Test 507