Only in this way, can you learn English well.( Chỉ bằng cách này) Note :“0nly”ở đầu câu ,nhưng nó bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thì không đảo.. Only the teachers are allowed to use t[r]
Trang 1ĐẢO NGỮ ( INVERSION ) ĐỊNH NGHĨA:
Trong một số trường hợp các phó t ừ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu
nh ằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó t ừ đứng đầu câu là tr ợ động từ r ồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động t ừ chính
Ví dụ: Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar
At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework
PHÂN LOẠI
- Đảo toàn bộ: đưa cả bộ phận vị ngữ lên trước chủ ngữ
Here comes the bus
- đảo bộ phận: Đưa trợ động từ hoặc động từ tình thái lên trước chủ ngữ
Has he gone to school?
- Note : Chủ ngữ là đại từ có trường hợp không đảo được
CÁCH DÙNG:
I ĐẢO TOÀN BỘ
1 Trong câu với “There be ”: “be” có lúc có thể đổi thành “ live , lie, stand” với ý chỉ trạng thái
There is a boat in the river
There stands a temple on the top of the hill
2 Dùng trong các câu mở đầu bằng “here, there, now, then, in, out, down up, back, over ,away, off”.
Now comes my turn
Here is a letter for you
Then followed three days of heavy rain
In came the teacher, and the lesson began
Off went the horses
Up went the arrow into the air First came the ambulance, then came the police
Note: Nhưng nếu một đại t ừ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động t ừ ph ải để sau chủ ngữ: , Away they went , Round and round it flew
3 Nhấn mạnh tính từ (bổ ngữ): đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) của “to be” ra trước để nhấn
mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” ra trước S(chủ ngữ)
The probem is difficult.=>Difficult is the problem
The story he told me was such => Such was the story he told me
The days when we had nothing are gone.=> Gone are the days when we had nothing
The flies are on the book.=> On the book are the flies
Note: Past participle đc xem là tính từ:
Found in San Francisco is Lombard Street, the so-called crookedest street in the world Lost among the old tables and chairs was the priceless Victorian desk Located between San Francisco and Marin County is the Golden Gate Bridge , Bigger than an apatosaur is the blue whale , More important than your personal statement is your GPA
4.Kết cấu giới từ chỉ nơi chốn đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh
In the doorway stood a man with a gun , On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot , Over the wall came a shower of stones
Trang 2Chú ý: Có thể diễn đạt bằng một V-ing mở đầu cho câu và động t ừ “to be” đảo lên trên chủ ngữ:
Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion
Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun
Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot
5.Dùng trong câu có dẫn lời nói trực tiếp
“ You have made great progress this term.” said our teacher
“Mr.Crossett,”said my father,”will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”
“Why didn’t you join us!” asked our monitor
II ĐẢO BỘ PHẬN
1.Trong câu có các mệnh đề “as, though, no matter how, however” Thường đưa adj/ verb/ adv lên
trước
Eg: a Although she is young, she knows a great deal
=> Young as/though she is, she knows a great deal
b Although he works hard, he makes little progress
=> Hard as he works, he makes little progress
=> However hard he works, he makes little progress
=> No matter how hard he works, he makes little progress
=> Much as he works hard, he makes little progress
c Although he drove carefully, he crashed into the tree
=> Drive carefully as he could/might/possible, he crashed into the tree
2 Trong câu điều kiện lược “if ” đưa “were, had, should” lên đầu câu
a If you were a fish, the cat would eat you
=> Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
b If your father had known this, he would have given you advice
=> Had your father known this, he would have given you advice
c If you should need my help, phone me at once
=> Should you need my help, phone me at once
3 Câu đảo ngữ có chứa từ phủ định và bán phủ định:
a Nhóm từ “rarely, seldom, never, hardly, scarcely”:
a I’ve never been more insulted => Never have I been more insulted
b He seldom sees anything stranger => Seldom does he see anything stranger
c She rarely saw him looking so miserable.=>Rarely did she see him looking so miserable
d The man can hardly walk without a stick => Hardly can the man walk without a stick
e She scarcely phones us after 9.00 p.m => Scarcely does she phone us after 9.00 p.m
b Cấu trúc câu “not only…but also….”
Eg: 1.He not noly studies well, but also he sings perfectly
=> Not only does he study well, but also he sings perfectly
2 She is not only rich, but she is also beautiful
=> Not only rich she is, but she is also beautiful
3 They bought not only the house but also the car
=> Not only did they buy the house but also the car
c Câu mở đầu bằng các từ ngữ sau : not, little, nowhere, by no means, at no time , In no way, hardly/ scarcely….when, no sooner…than, not until neither…nor,
- Not: He didn’t say a word => Not a word did he say.
Trang 3He didn’tot give me a penny => Not a penny did he give me.
- Little: They little realized that Ted was a secret agẹnt => Little did they realize that …
She didn't know what will happen to her next => Little did she know ……
- nowhere: I can’t find my passport anywhere = I can find my passport nowhere
=> Nowhere can I find my passport
- by no means: Hoàn toàn khụng
He by no means intends to criticize your idea = He doesn’t intend …by any means
=> By no means does he intend to criticize your idea
- at no time: = never = never at any time
I never suspect you => At no time do I suspect you
- In no way: Khụng sao cú thể
I could in no way agree with you => In no way could I agree with you
- hardly/ scarcely….when = no sooner…than
I stopped as soon as I saw her
= I hardly had seen her when I stopped => Hardly had I seen her when I stopped
= I no sooner had seen her than I stopped.=> No sooner had I seen her than I stopped
Note: Hardly, barely, scarely tương đương nhau
Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain
No sooner had he left home than it began to rain
- not until: mói cho tới = Only when : chỉ khi
1 I didn’t wake up untill 8 am today
=> It was not until 8 am today that I woke up
=> Not untill 8 am today did I wake up
2 I didn’t know him until I started to study English
=> It was not until I started to study English that I knew him
Not untill I started to study English did I know him
=> It was only when I started to study English that I knew him
Only when I started to study English did I know him
- neither…nor:
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so
No one has volunteered for the job, nor do we expect anyone to volunteer in the future , Hok-ming cannot speak Portuguese, nor can Josộ speak Cantonese
- under no circumstances: trong truờng hợp nào cũng khụng, không đời nào , không bao giờ
You shouldn’t go out late under any circumstances
=> Under no circumstances should you go out late
- On no account /on no condition: Không vì lý do gì, bất luận thế nào
On no accout must this switch be touched
On no condition are they open to fire without a warning
4 Nhúm cõu mở đầu bằng cỏc từ và cụm từ sau “often, always, once, many a time ,now and then, every other day
Often do I tell her about my life here.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiment
5 Cõu mở đầu bằng “0nly” và bộ phận trạng ngữ mà nú kết hợp: only after, only then, only when…
Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động t ừ + S + V…: chỉ sau khi… Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động t ừ/ động t ừ khuyết th iế u + S + V….: chỉ bằng cỏch làm gỡ
1 Only then/once/later did I understand the problem
(Chỉ sau lỳc đú tụi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề)
2 We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work
, => Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task
Trang 43 You can pass the exam once you study harder
=> Only by studying harder can you pass this exam
4 I didn’t post it until later => Only later did I post it
5 He came home only at midnight => Only at midnight did he come home
Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai m ệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở m ệnh đề th ứ hai
Only when you grow up, can you understand it
Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you
Only a f ter the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before
Only in this way, can you learn English well.( Chỉ bằng cách này)
Note :“0nly”ở đầu câu ,nhưng nó bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thì không đảo
Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.
Only him we could find in the room just now
6 Trong câu hỏi
What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?
What do you think the two cheats pretended to be doing?(chú ý)
What makes you so angry? (chú ý)
7.Cách nói lặp lại ý ,dùng “so, nor, neither”
He has finished his work, so have I
You can’t do it, nor can I
Note : - Nếu chủ ngữ là giống nhau , phía sau diễn tả ý “đúng là như vậy” thì không đảo
It is fine today, so it is
- Phía trước phức tạp : Các chủ ngữ khác nhau - Có hai câu trở lên - vừa có khẳng định vừa có phủ
định thì dùng cách nói sau :
So it is/was with sb
It is /was the same with sb
The same goes for sb
Eg: Her mother is a doctor and works in the People’s Hospital So it is with mine
8 .Câu chúc mở đầu bằng “may”
May you have a good journey!
May you succeed!
9 Nhóm từ “so, such”
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau: So + adj/adv + Aux Verb + S + V + that…
Eg: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare
So carelessly did he drive that he had two accdents last month
So loudly did he speak that all of us could hear him clearly
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau: Such + to be + Danh từ + that …
Eg: Such is the moment that all greats traverse (Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao)
Such is the stuff of dreams (Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa
Such a noise was there that I couldn’t work
Such a big house does she have that…