Khi trong câu tiéng anh ở phần vị ngữ(predicate) có cụm hay nhóm động từ có quan hệ phụ thuộc(dependecy), trong đa số các trường hợp, động từ thứ hai trong vị ngữ có dạng to-infinitive [r]
Trang 1Grammar Infinitive with “to” and infinitive without “to”
Khi trong câu tiéng anh ở phần vị ngữ(predicate) có cụm hay nhóm động từ có quan hệ phụ thuộc(dependecy), trong đa số các trường hợp, động từ thứ hai trong vị ngữ có dạng to-infinitive hoặc bare infinitive.
I hope to see you again next year.
I want you to attend the coming seminar on ELT.
The plot of the film made her cry
Sau đây là các cách dùng động từ nguyên thể thông dụng
I Usage
A to – infinitive
Một số động từ nhất định đi kèm một số động từ ở dạng nguyên thể như: agree, aim, attempt, decide, hope, hate, offer, wait, deserve, promise, plan, manage, refuse, afford,
learn,forget, threaten, arrange
Cấu trúc:
Verb + to-infinitive ( V+ to do sth)
They decided to spend their holidays on HonTre island.
She claimed to know the best actress of the year.
I hate to receive unwanted guests.
Đứng ngay sau tân ngữ ( object) của động từ như tell, invite, remind, encourage, force, enable,teach, order, warn, invite, pesuade, get( persuade, arrange for)
Verb + object + to-infinitive ( V + Sb+ to do sth)
They advised me to wait until tomorrow.
The teacher tells her students to hand in their home exercise tomorrow.
Đứng sau tính từ(adjective)
We are happy to be home at last.
The student are certain to pass the exams.
Chú ý : khi chuyển sang dạng phủ định (negative) em phải lưu ý: not + to-infinive
They decided not to spend their holiday in Thinh Long beach.
They advised me not to go out late at night.
B Bare infinitive
Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.
Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.
Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help.
My brother let me use computer.
The parents helped their children set up the tent.
Khi chuyển sang câu bị động em phải thêm to vào giữa 2 động từ:
The Brown made their children clean their room.
-> The children were made to clean their room by the Brown.
II Exercise.
Exercise 1 Complete the sentences, using the appropriate forms of the verb in the box.
Find know use take pass look
touch finish keep write complete
For example: My friends advised me to find a new apartment.
1 Mr Trung didn’t have any money,so he decided a job.
2 The teacher reminded the students their assignments in time.
3 My group leader expects me this paper as soon as possible.
Trang 24 Our teacher encourges us a dictionary whenever we are unsure of the meaning of a word.
5 Before I went away to college, my mother remind me her a letter once a week.
6 Mrs Long has warned her young children not the hot stove.
7 The student on the corner pretended the answers to the teacher’s questions.
8 Residents are not allowed pets in that apartment building.
9 All applicants are required the entrance examination.
10 Ann advised her sisters the plane instead of driving to San Francisco.
Exercise 2 Infinitives after Adjectives.
Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of the verbs in the box.
Example: I’m eager to go on vacation soon.
1 I was glad a present from my old closest friend.
2 I was relieved that I had passed the exam.
3 The jet pilot was very lucky alive after the plane crash.
4 The children were anxious to the circus.
5 Dung didn’t feel like going anywhere He was comtent at home and a book.
6 The teacher is always willing the students.
7 The students are motivated English.
8 Thanh ws hesitant home alone on the dark street.
9 I was suprised Mr Suzucho at the meeting.
10 We were very sorry the bad news about the collapse of the brigde.
Exercise 3.Complete the sentences in the following paraghraph with verb + infinitive Use two verbs in the parentheses in the correct order The first is done for you.
Do you ( take, know how) know how to take care of an accident victim? Suppose that a car hits a child and the child is lying in the street What do you do? Well, first of all, don’t (move, try) 1 the victim You (ought,stay) 2 with him or her while people calls for help.You
( check, need) 3 the child’ pulse first If there is no pulse, ( do, begin) 4 CPR
( Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) immediately) Sometimes there is a pulse, but the victim is not breathing In that case,you’ll ( have, perform) 5 mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ( articifial respiration)If the child is conscious, he or she may( start, get) 6 upset You’ll (calm, want) 7 him or her ( Promise, stay) .8 with th victim, ( continue, take) 9 care of the injured child until the ambulance arrives.
Exercise 4 Rewrite the sentences using It + be + adjective If possible, use of/ for + pronoun after the adjective.
Example: She was brave to spend the night in the old house alone.
-> It was brave of her to spend to the night in the old house.
1 Such a magnificent performance was wonderful to hear ->
2 You were maen to eat all the cake and not leave any for me ->
3 They were unresonable to complain about the exam results ->
4 The top of the jar was awkward to get off ->
5 The shelves were simple to put up ->
6 He was unprofessional to criticize the head teacher in fron of the staff ->
7 You were kind to give bithday presents to the children ->
8 Shy people have a hard time meeting others at social events.(difficult) ->
9 Students need to have strategies to remember new information.( necessary) ->
10 Scientists will never know the origin of every disease in the world.( impposible) ->
Exercise 5 Complete the sentences Use the correct form of the verbs in the brackets 1 The headmaster begins ( arrange) the matter at one 2 She loves( swim) in the early morning 3 They agreed ( be) present at the opening ceremony 4 I don’t want (force) you ( do) what I say 5 Most people prefer (drive) to ( ride)
6 They have stopped (do) bussiness because of bad situations 7 I must ask you (stop, talk)
8 Let me( help) you (get) it right.
9 We like (see) young students (work) hard for their future.
10 I understand you want (borrow) my last volume of Harry Porter.
11 Do you mind (process) these film again?
Trang 312 the manager let me ( watch) the actors and actresses (rehearse)
13 They denied( destroy) the flower beds in the schoolyard.
14 He spends ages ( play) games online.
15 They promised (help) me (prepare) for the party.
Exercise 6 Put the words in the correct order to have complete sentences Use the verbs in their appropriate infinitive or –ing forms.
Example: manager/see/ now/ want/ I / the -> I want to see the manager now.
1 Children/ buy/ often/ comics and sweet/ want/ their parents/ them.->
2 their patients/ high in fats/ eat/ Many doctors/ avoid/ advise/ food.
3 stay/ like/ home/don’t/ all / weekend/ I
4 exercise/ experts/remind/ once/ us/ day/ to Health/ regularly/ every
5 The/ parking attendant/ for free/ didn’t/ allow/ the/ park/ woman.
6 brothers/ together/ to live/ We/ lear/must/ as ( Martin Luther King).
7 children/ spend/ time/ I’d like / with/ the/ more/ honeless/ enjoy.
8 We/ get up/ for/ don’t/ than/ earlier/ usual/ work/ mind.
9 mountainous/ new/ I /areas/ decided/ branches/ in/open.
10 Why/ suggestions/ don’t /instead of / make/ some/ complain/ you?
11 It’s/ careful/ plans/ necessary/ make.
12 summer/ said/ i’d/ go/this/like.
13 my leg/ I /craw up/ can/ something/feel.
14 be/seem/good/He/ preferred/than/ good
15 English/ studies/ better/ have/a/ She/ job/chance/ of get/ good/ a.
Gerund
Hãy xem các ví dụ sau:
I enjoy dancing (not to dance)
Would you mind closing the window? (not close)
She suggested going to the cinema tonight.( not to go)
Sau các từ enjoy, mind, suggest chúng ta dùng V-ing ( not to_verb)
1. Các động từ sau cũng theo quy luật trên Verb + V_ing:
Deny
Admit
Suggest
Consider (cân nhắc)
Fancy ( mến thích)
Miss
Finish
Involve( liên quan)
Avoid
Risk( liều lĩnh)
Postpone
Practise
Imagine
Have you ever considered going to live in other coutry?
I don’t fancy going for a walk wit my friends tonight.
Ở dạng phủ định not + V-ing
When I’m on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.
2 V- ing còn được dùng sau giới từ: on/ at/ in / off
Paul don’t give up smoking.
We must something We don’t go on living like this.
3 Đối với một số động từ( keep, stop, imagine ) em dùng cấu trúc: Verb+ sb+ V-ing
I can’t imagine George riding this bicycle.
Exercise 1 Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.
Trang 4Exercise 2 Complete the sentences for each situation using V-ing
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Trang 5Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Trang 6Exercise 9
Exercise 10
Exercise 11
Exercise 12
Trang 7Exercise 13
Exercise 14 Put the verb into crrect form v-ing or To –V sometime either form possible.
Exercise 15.Complete these sentences with suitable verb –ing or to- inf
Trang 8Exercise 16.Put the verb into correct form –ing or to- verb.
Exercises for Gerund or Infinitive
Ex 1: Complete the following sentences using bare infinitive or to infinitive “ ” “ ”
1 He made me (do) it all over again
2 She can (sing) quite well
3 He will be able (swim) very soon
4 I used (live) in a caravan
5 You ought (go) today It may (rain) tomorrow
7 I want (see) the house where our president was born
8 He made her (repeat) the message
9 May I (use) your phone?
10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him
11 If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once
12 I couldn't (remember) his address
13 You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older
14 Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
15 They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined
16 I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day
17 Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
18 He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch
19 They refused (accept) the bribe
20 Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible
21 He made us (wait) for hours
22 Could you (tell) me the time, please?
23 We must (send) him a telegram
24 I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife
25 Where would you like (have) lunch?
Trang 926 You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you
27 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go)
28 We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum 29 You seem (know) this area very well ~Yes, I used (live) here 30 The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police 31 You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink)
32 I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month
33 It is easy (be) wise after the event
34 Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
35 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up 36 Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals 37 Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in Would you like (speak) to his secretary' 38 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him
39 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt
40 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,
41 Would you like (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks I'd rather (walk)
42 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) t under your bed in an old stocking 43 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe. 44 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? 45 It's better (be) sure than sorry 46 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes 47 That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ; let me (help) you 48 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames 49 There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out 50 He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village 51 You may as well (tell) us the truth It will (be) easy (check) your story 52 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go) He must (be) a very old man 53 Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are? 54 I have a lot of homework ( do) tonight, so I cannot go out with you 55 it is really interesting ( read) these books 56 He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) with 57 He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) a new house 58 His explanations were difficult ( understand)
59 I felt something (bite) my finger 60 I will let you ( borrow) my car as long as you promise ( be) careful 61 They decided ( not/ go) to the park as it was raining hard 62 The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) swimming 63 I was too tired ( do) any more work 64 As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) away from home 65 I want you ( tell) me the whole truth 66 We had nothing ( do) except looking at the cinema posters Ex 2: Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare Infinitive above) 1 The mechanic serviced my car last week I had the mechanic
2 I felt nervous when I traveled by air Travelling by air made
3 He could not afford to buy the car The car was too expensive
4 I advised you to put your money in the bank You had better
5 There is no need for you to talk so loudly You don’t have
6 “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom The teacher made Tom
7 The house shook violently and all of us felt that All of us felt the house
8 We can’t possibly work in this noise It’s impossible
9 Mr Puncher doesn’t allow his children to go out in the evening
Trang 10Mr Puncher doesn’t let
10 Contacting her at work in usually quite easy
It’s quite easy
11 “Mr John left the house very early this morning”, Tom said
Tom said that he saw
12 Jimmy got into his car and drove away I saw this
I saw Jimmy
13 Can you sign the papers please? They are ready
The papers are
14 Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink
Harry’s parents didn’t let
15 I think that you should make a decision soon
I want
16 They talked in the next room
I heard
17 The customs officer told him to open his briefcase
The custom officer made
18 The animal moved towards me, I felt it
I felt
19 You can use my car if you want to
I will let
20 My father said I could use his car
My father allowed
21 I was surprised that it rained
It didn’t expect
22 He looks older when he wears glasses
Wearing glasses made
23 My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police
My lawyer advised
24 If you have a car you are able to go places more easily
Having a car enables
25 Don’t let me forget to call my sister
Please remind
26 I think he should leave early
I want
27 He said he would pick me up
He promised
28 Peter: “ Shall we get married?” - Mary: “ Yes”
Peter and Mary decided
29 Tom : “ Please help me” - Susan: “ OK”
Susan agreed
30 “ I won’t tell anyone about it” , Sue said
Sue promised
31 “ I am not going to tell you my name.”, Sue said to the man
Sue refused
32 If I were you, I wouldn’t lend him any money
I advised
Ex 3: Choose the correct option
1 Peter said that he saw Mary that beautiful vase
a break b breaking c break d broke
2 The police them get out of the car
a caused b made c asked d ordered
3 I heard someone outside
a fell b fall c to fall d fell
4 He was made by the custom officer
a to open to suitcase b opening the suitcase
c open the suitcase d opened the suitcase
5 Bill’s wife doesn’t let him go to the party
a go b to go c to have gone d went
6 Larry finally to quit the job
a admitted b decided c must d thought
7 You will never know why Jane refused the job
a getting b get c to get d to be got
8 Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?
a permit b allow c let d advise
9 I am very pleased you again
a see b to see c to seeing d be seeing
10 There are two important things in your mind
a bearing b to bear c bear d born
11 I saw your son the road by himself