Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.. • Distinguish between the physical and logical views of data • Describe how data is organized: characters, fields, records, tables, and
Trang 1Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
reserved
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 12: Databases
Trang 2• Distinguish between the physical and
logical views of data
• Describe how data is organized:
characters, fields, records, tables, and
databases
• Define key fields and compare batch
versus
real-time processing
• Describe databases, including the need
for databases, and database
management systems (DBMS)
Trang 3Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
• Distinguish among individual,
company, distributed, and
Trang 4• Like a library, secondary
storage
is designed to store
information
• End users need to understand
– How such stored information is
organized using data field, records, files and databases
– The different types of databases
and structures
• Competent end users need to
be able to find information
that is stored in databases
Trang 5Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Data
• Examples of data include
places, things, and events
video
• Two ways to view data
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Key Field
primary field
Trang 8and the processing happens later all at one time
Trang 9Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Real-Time Processing
it happens immediately during the transaction
Trang 10• Collection of integrated data
• Databases address data
redundancy
and data integrity
• Need for databases
• Database management
Trang 11Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Need for Databases
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DBMS Structure
• DBMS programs are designed to work
with data that is logically structured or arranged
• Data models define rules and
standards for data in a database
• Five common data models are
– Hierarchical database – Network database
– Relational database – Multidimensional database – Object-oriented database
Trang 15Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Network Database
one parent node (many-to-many
relationship)
multiple paths
Return
Trang 16item
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Multidimensional Database
relational model to include additional
Trang 18data and instructions
classes, entities,
attributes, and methods
Trang 19Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Trang 20• Integrated file collection for one
person usually under the
person’s direct control
• Generally stored on the user’s
hard-disk drive or on a LAN file
server
Trang 21Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Company or Shared Databases
company can access
the database through
the company’s
networks
Return
Trang 22• Database is located in a place or
places other than where users
are located
• Typically, database servers on a
client/server network provide the link between users and the
distant data
Trang 23Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
or selected outside individuals
for a fee
designed for organizational and
individual use
utilities or data banks
Return
Trang 24called data warehouse
search databases for information and patterns
• Security
– Protection necessary electronic Security:
fingerprint
Trang 25Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Careers In IT
ways to organize and access
a company’s data
and backing up the system
$48,500 to $85,000 annually
Trang 26u A Look to the Future
• Every Book Ever Written … at
Your Fingertips
are now available and affordable
millions of book
Trang 27Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights
Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2)
groups or categories.
batch processing and real-time
processing?
of DBMS programs.
Trang 28• Describe each of the five
common database models.
• What are some of the benefits
and limitations of databases?
Why is security a concern?