Lesson 6 adjectives

adjectives

B O R

I

N

H Y

F R I E N

D

L Y

Q U I E T

3 2

1

Someone who has good manners?

2

Someone who los es

temper quickly?

Someone who is

nice to others ?

4

Someone who is

feeling angry or unhappy

because somebody you like or

love is showing interest in

somebody else

6

Someone who doesn’t

Someone who talks

a lot?

School of Social Sciences and Humanities

NOUNS

Classification

What is the category of Adj in each group?

1 French, English, Vietnamese

2 Big, small, round, square, old, young

3 One, two, three, First, second, third,

4 Whose hat is this?

Which/ What color do you like best?

5. Where is your hat?

6 This pen is expensive

7 There’s some ice in the fridge.

Numeral Adj Proper Adj Possessive Adj

Indefinite Adj Demonstrative Adj

Descriptive Adj Interrogative Adj

1. He is a student (clever)

2. The baby looks (healthy)

3. He is a writer (both witty and wise)

4. I want to employ a secretary (capable of translating scientific papers)

5. The mountain is over 5,000 feet (high)

6. They set the prisoner (free)

7. The police wanted to arrest the thief (alive)

Are the children still? (awake)

8. By all means (possible) (= mọi cách có thể)

All the people (present) (tất cả mọi người hiện diện)

9. I’ll tell you something (important)

1. He is a clever student

2. The baby looks healthy

3. He is a writer both witty and wise

4. I want to employ a secretary capable of translating scientific papers

5. The mountain is over 5,000 feet high

6. They set the prisoner free

7. The police wanted to arrest the thief alive

Are the children still awake?

8. By all means possible (= mọi cách có thể)

All the people present (tất cả mọi người hiện diện)

9. I’ll tell you something important

1 Generally Before Noun

2 After Be/ Linking Verb

3 After Noun: a series linked by Conjunctions

8. In a few expressions, Proper Noun + THE + Adj

9. After an Indefinite Pronoun

7. After Noun/ Linking V: Adjectives begun with ‘a’

4 After Noun: in a Phrase

5. After Noun: Denoting measurement and time

6. After Noun: As an objective complement

1. first/ students/ three/ the/.

 The first three students.

Noun

Cardinal Ordinal

Article

Noun

Numeral Determiner

Demonstrative

Possessive

Indefinite

DOC

1. square/ small/ tables/ nice/ two/ new/ his/.

1. square / brown/ small / dinning/ tables / nice /

wooden two / new / his / Vietnamese

 His two nice small

1 a lovely old glass vase

2 an attractive wall mirror

3 a modern office desk

4 a red metal kitchen chair

5 a splendid old model boat

6 valuable Australian postage

stamps

7 a small wooden coffee table

8 a beautiful square wooden

table

9 an unusual gold ring

10 a nice new woolen kitted

pullover

11 an interesting old American movie

12 big black

13 a lovely sunny day

14 beautiful long black hair

15 strange old French paintings

16 an adorable little black kitten

17 an enormous red and yellow

umbrella

18 a picturesque old house

19 A shining new Italian sports car

20 nice new house

21 a dirty old black cat

22 Two large red cartons

Exercise 4: Put the following words into the correct orders to

make complete phrases

Adjective Equivalents Examples

Noun 1. river fish, sea winds

Possessive Noun 2. man’s life, sun’s ray, John’s book

Noun as Apposition 3 money, a golden key; John, my friend

Participles 4 I hear the singing bird in the tree

He found a broken watch yesterday

Infinitive 5 water to drink, friend to entertain

Adv (with some

participle understood)

6 the then (reigning) king, the down

(going) lift

Phrase 7 a man of high position; a mountain

covered with snow

Clause 8 People who eat too much may fall sick

Heaven is the place where no hate (thù hận) and no lust (dục vọng) exist

Adjectives formed from Nouns

Adjectives formed from Adjectives

Adj + -AL periodical, historical

Adj + -LY sickly, poorly, deadly

Adj + -ISH whitish (hơi trắng), reddish (hơi đỏ)

Prefix + ADJ Meaning Example

A- /DIS-/IL-/

IM-IN-/ IR-/

+ Adj

not apathetic, disagreeable, illegal,

impossible, inconvenient, irregular, uneasy, nonexistent

PRO- +

Adj in favor of pro-American (thân Mỹ), pro-British

ANTI- +

Adj against anti-governmental, anti-royalist

UNDER- + Adj less than, underdeveloped, underpaid

SUB- +

Adj

under subhuman, substandard

SUPER- + Adj over superhuman, supernatural

EXTRA- + Adj beyond, outside extracurricular

INTRA- + Adj inside, within intracellular (nội bào)

INTER- + Adj among, between international

TRANS- + Adj across, through transcontinental

CO- +

Adj together coexistent

SEMI-/HEMI-+ Adj half semitropical, hemispherical

UNI- /MONO-+ Adj one unicellular (đơn bào), monolingual

BI- + Adj two bilingual, biannual (2 lần 1 năm)

Formation Example

N +

Adj snow-white

V ing heart-warming (chân tình, ấm lòng ), heart-breaking (làm đau lòng)

V ed/3 home-made (làm ở nhà), man-made

N -ed dog-eared (quăn bìa, cuốn góc), lion-hearted (dũng cảm)

Adj +

Adj dark blue, light green

V ing sweet-smelling (thơm), good-looking, long-standing (lâu đời)

V ed/3 ill-dressed, ill-favoured (vô duyên, có mặt hãm tài), long-lived

N -ed white-livered (nhát gan), four-legged

Adv

+ V ing hard-working, ever-blooming (ra hoa quanh năm)

V ed/3 well-done, heart-hearted (nhẫn tâm, long dạ sắt đá)

miscellaneous

(hỗn hợp) well-to-do (thịnh vượng, giàu có), up-to-date

long, tiring, pretty, políte, tall,

, small, clever, beautiful, quiet, gentle, narrow, big, common,

handsome, pleasant, selfish,

cold, rapid, wonderful sevére, bored, profoúnd

I.Identification of Short and Long Adjectives

1.Short Adjectives :

a Monosyllable adjectives long, tall, big, small, cold,

b Two-syllable adj ending in

-Y, -ER, -ET, -LE, -OW pretty, clever, quiet, gentle, narrow

c Two-syllable adj stressed on

the second syllable políte, sevére, profoúnd

d Some particular adjectives common, handsome, pleasant

1.Long Adjectives:

a Adjectives with two or

more syllables selfish, rapid, beautiful, wonderful

b Adjectives in participle

1 He is as strong as a bull

2 Tom ran as quickly as David

As + ADJ/ ADV + As

This room is not so/as large as that one

NOT + So/ As + ADJ/ ADV + As

As ……… As

1 Vietnam is (big)……… than Cambodia

2.The rabbit runs (fast)………… than the tortoise

short ADJ/ ADV

+ ADJ/ ADV

-The notebook is (thick)……… than the book.

- This car is (expensive)……… less expensive than that one

short ADJ/ ADV

+ long ADJ/ ADV

the big gest

He is (intelligent) ……… the most intelligent of the students.

- EST + in/ of…

1 He is (tall)……… man in the class.

2 The "Prince" runs (fast)……… of the five

The +

+ ADJ/ ADV

the least tall

the least convincingly

1 She is (tall)……… of the models.

2 He argues (convincingly)………

The least…

farther/ further the farthest/ furthest

former the foremost/ first

1a What could be more perfect ?

1b What could be perfect?

Write C (correct) or I (incorrect) before each sentence

I

C

2b My friend is superior to me?

2a My friend is more superior than me?

- I have bought two shirts

3b Which one is more beautiful?

3a Which one is the most beautiful?

I

C

I

C

Some Adj can’t be compared: square, right, perfect, supreme,

true, false, unique, free, complete, wooden, favorite

Some Adj have Latin comparison: Superior to, inferior to,

anterior to, prior to, posterior to, senior to, junior to, major to,

minor to

Superior degree is used between 2 items only

Rule Meaning Example

short Adj/ Adv- ER and short

Adj/Adv - ER Càng

ngày càng

- It is hott er and hott er in summer.

less and less + long Adj/Adv

- Our lessons become more and

more difficult.

- Doris is less and less attentive

in class.

The short Adj/Adv-ER + S + V,

The more + long Adj + S + V,

- The more + S + V,

- The less + S + V,

the short Adj-ER + S + V./

the more long Adj + S + V./

the more + S + V./

the less + S + V /

Càng …, càng

…

-The high er the sun is, the short er

the shadow is.

- The more carefully he drives, the

saf er people feel.

- The more he works , the more he

will be paid.