Write true and false sentences about yoursetf using these time expressions: so /ar; this week, during the last few daysl up until now, as soon a, in the past few months.wotk[r]
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Trang 61 Let's talk
1A Make a good impression
Preview 1 Past Simple and Present Perfect
on rhe whole, $'omen gossip more rhan nen.
In general nen butt in rnore than women $.hich
$,onen lind very annoying 11) ou overhear people haying a row in pultic, you should lnlervene.
Politicians generally witter on wirhout ever answering the in(erviewer's questions.
d Elderl,v people have reason 1() grumblc aboul lhe youth of roda).
h) Adulrs spend nore rime chardng on rhe phone i) Couples who conskntly bicker should split up.
t Wbnien cLal up men as olren as men chal up
b) Tick the sentences you agree with Then change the other sentences to make them true for you pehaps it s not essential to nake eye contact, but it nightseen rude ifyou don't.
c) work in pairs Compare ideas Do you agree?
a) Use these prompts to make questions with J,,ot Use
the Past Simple or Present Perfect
r / learn / English for a long Limel
Haveyau been leaning English fot a long tine?
2 How oicl / be / {hen / have / first English tessoD?
3 / see / any films in English recentlyl
a when / be / the last time / speak / Engljsh otttside class?
s / have to / wnte an]'thing in English l:st month?
6 / ever / read / a rovel that was written jn [nglish?
7 How long / come / this school?
( n a e v o r o e e n t " a - r g n c r s o d l o g i m " ' )
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b ) w o r k i n ta'r {lL and dnswcr r h c q L r c * l i o n r
Ask follow up questions Check in Language Summary I
,;;'iir;, p1ts.
VocabuLary communicating Grammar time expressions with Past Simpte
{ and Present Perfect
\- *
a) Tick the words/Dhrases in bold vou kno*.
check new wor<ls/phrases in {l1ii.*l prrz.
a) lt's essenlial to mak€ €ye contact when you re speakrng to someone
b) On average, I comc iDto contact with abour t'renty people a dat
! )
Trang 71 A
Listening and Grammar
a) Think of someone (not nr your class) wlm is popular $lite live
personal qualitjes that 'nake hilnlrcr popdar.
b) work in pairs Tell your partner about the peEon you chose.
Are any of the personal qualities the samel
c) /\gree on rhe rhree mosr important qualities l-ell the class.
ser Preview p6.
a) Look at drese sentences Are they talkilg aboul a definite time in the past or time up to and including no$l which v€rb form is usedl
1 I ve boughr quire a le$ seltlelp books oter the past 1e\! montlls.
2 l !e read abour t50 pagcs so tar.
3 During the lasl couplc of wceks I've actuall) been tq,ing oLrt somc o[ C.rrnegie's suggesLiorls.
4 Uf unril no$l, I'vc ncver really had an) contacL with the guy in the tickeL office
b) Underline the finlr c)eressior in each sentence in 5a).
c) Sometimes Fe caD usc the Present Perfect or the Pd-st Snnplc with th€ snme time expressi0n Compare these pairs ofsentences $'h)' did Speaker A usc the Past Snnple? Why did Spcaker B use the }\esent
1 a I told at leas( ien pcople.rboLrr il
at \i.ork ihis veek the 5peaker
ca nside rs th e wo rki ng week
B he told ar least len people aboul
ir at work ihis n'eek ilre 'pea*er
ca nsid ers th e wa rk i ng week
A I read ]t durjng rhe sunrmer
h o l i d a y s
s l'vc read a lot ofbooks durilg
A 5j!!!! ,\nn suggested rhis one,
I ve read a couple oI his other
B I ve read lors ofhis boolc sla!! l've becn une ploye.l
A As soon rs t linished reading Lt,
I gave ir Io my bro(her
B As soon as I'vc finishcd rcadLng
it, ]\n going lo gile lt 1o n\'
'Help with Grammar
@ - a ) r , ' o h a r r h e b o o k c o r L r r n d r r a d r h " ' r ' , u , r r { t \\ 4 r d r J i J r h ,
d u r h d r a r J h i s D u b l i l h c r ! r n i l i a l l \ r h i n L rl ' ( ' u l r l r r b ( ' , ' l ' l
b):.,:il! i,Listen to '\"", Sy, Dean and Amy at their book club
meeting which of Car'regieb suggestions do they ntntion?
c) Listen again Ansser these questions
r a) Why did ,\nn suggest thc book to Lhe group?
b) Why wasnl she very impressed with iL al liist?
2 a) Does Sy usuali,v read books Lik€ thisl
b) \4ricl of Carnegiels poiDts does h strongly agree wrlhl
3 a) Did Dean expect to erlov the booh?
b) \\'ly does he talk about his triend, John?
a a) \\'hich of Carnegiet suggestidls iid Am_v try out?
b) Ho$, did rhe nran in tlie ticket officc r.actl
d) work tu pairs which of Carnegie's suggestions do you think is
the most imponant and whyl
d) Check in t l l 8
Hotu to Win Ffien& an lInf enec
Peal2, ffrst publishcd in 1937, has
become an all-timc intemational
best-seller The frst print run was
limited to 5,000 copics, which w.ls an
indication ofhow small a rcadership
the author and the publishcrs were
erpectirg However, tiom thc very
beginning the book's runnway success
meant the publishers had difficulty
keeping up with dcmand
Trang 81 A
@ a) rr r'orrr tcrb r,',nrs po\tiblt'1 wh\ r/r h\ norr
r I 5pokel've spole, to him lhjs noming
2 I5al'veree, her during the last [e$'inonths
3 l ll caLi you as sooD as sh? arived/ s affived
a She amel s been here a lot last month
s During lasL night! pertonnance severalpeopLe
walke,l / h ave wa Lked a lL
e There hare lxen a loL ol changcs since I wofftedl've worled
7 Once I mel've mef her I reall] Likcd her
s I ve been skiing ts'ice since I Jal'ves€e, you last
b) Work in pails Compare answels
Reading
d t - a ) \ o r k i n p r r l r t , i \ c ( u m p l e t o l $ h a r t o u t o r r * i d , l
t o b c eood and bad.cNicc in \hop r(traurdnr\' c r (
b) Read dre article wlry do very fnendly, chany shop
assistants nnd waitresses annoy the sriter?
c) Read the anicle again Tick the true sentences Corect
1 The writer was in a hurfy $hen sli€ $enl inlo the shop /
2 She Nondered \aht the shop assjstant! behaviour hacl upset h€r
3 She cnjoyed lhe foocl she had at rhc rcstaurant
a She told the waitress whal she thoughL of lhe lood.
s No psvchological sludies have the same vie$'.s hers
6 She lvoul.lDl object to assislants nho serc nalurally
{riencll}.
a) Look at the lfods/phrases nr bold in ihe articie
what words are missing from each phrase?
b) w]1at trues of word can we miss out in inlornal
'Titten and spoken English?
' ' : : l : : : "
, : : : i : ' : i i ] :
@ $ o r k in goup ard di.(arr rhe\c quc*riun'
\{ould you have responded to the shop assistanl and the
xaitress nr the sane $.a,v as the \ariier of the a(iclel lf so
shy? Il nor, rfial would you have s.rid?
How \ould you describe thc sefvice in sliops and calas
in ).oLrr country? Has il cliaDged over the tearsl
TEN DAYS AGo, on the way to a meeting remembered that was running low on face crcam There was a chemist's acfoss the road so I ran in and grabbed ihe first cream saw
.Havinq a good day? asked lhe girlat the ilL, srni fg blissfuly.
" U m , y e s t h a n K , ' l r e p l e d 'Thal's great." She ran the scanner oler thejar ard made eye contact.
'Been shoppinq all morning?' Not having the lime lo take lrerthrough my dary,lsimply went "[4mm.
"Yeah? Lucky you "
She tod me the totaland said, So, got anything planfled for this afternoon?
'0h, yo! know' said, a$/are of tirne tick ng by.'Th s and that."
As I hunied on my way lfound myseli th nkrg about the g I and the amount of niceness lhad jusl experenced Why d d t make me feelso bad? Was it impolite not to chat back? 0rwas
th s son of pushy lrendlress in its way every bt as rude? lwas rem nded oflhs altef the meetng, when met a fewish friend for !nch I had the f shcakes Theywere perfectly dsglstng 'Everything allright with your meal?" asked the waitress, nterrrpt rg our conversation.
F i n e , l s a i d W h a t e s e c o u d l h a v e s a d e v e n f d w a n t e d t0? t m ght have made my new irend uncomfortab e 0n the way home that afternoon lihought about mannerc.
As a soc e! we do not lake manneE bywhLch Lmean now we
o " b / e t o w d o , , a ' 9 " , o / o to r ,1 l [ ] o J o o o i o ' 0 d
bank or shop the personlust ahead ol yo! js sure to etthe doors swing back in your face l\rlddle-aged nef dve ntodsabed spaces, teenagers slump ln the r seats on lhe bus pretendng not
to notce the pregnant woman stand ng in front of them And yet
it's obvlous on lhe H gh street that Fake N ce, as practsed by
my casher and the wa tress, is
on the increase too li has become a highly overused mafketng weapon afd yoL can t wander nto any shop witholt some perKy person rusn ng up and say ng, 'H Need any help?' YoL srnie back through grilied teeth, "Just lookiflg, thanks.'
Appareatly some psycho ogical studies have shown that f the assistaft ifeais you as a Jrend therc's a psycho og ca effect - lhe clstomerw| retum Orwi they? Other studies suggest that this sales technique is aturn off Pehaps the soluton s to appojnt people who are genu fe! intefested in peop e not those who are tnined 10 be
Adaoled from the ,rdeperdrrt
29tA4tAA
@ a) Write thre€ topics you woutd lil€ to talk about, e g
b) work in pait S*ap papers Choose one of your
panners topics and \wite six questions to ask himAer.
How many filns have you seen du ng the Last slx nonths?
f l t - \ \ o r l i n I,:'i' Tak( rur n\ ro a\r lnLr an\wcr !oul
t a f l n ( r ! q u e r i o r f t l l r h c c l a o n t t h i n g v o u \ c l , a r n r
about youf panner.
@
Trang 9Friends - the new family?
QUICK REVIEW
Write true and false sentences about yoursetf using these
time expressions: so /ar; this week, during the last few daysl
up until now, as soon a, in the past few months.wotk in
pairs.Take turns to tell each other your sentences.
cuess which of youa partner's sentences are true.
Listening and Grammar
@ r l r c t r h e m e a n i n g o l r h c p h r a e r r r h o l d l h e n $ u r L i n
p.r\ arra (Dscuss rncsc qucsnons
r As a rul€, do you rend Io unburden youis€lf to fri€Dds
o r t o r n e m b e r s o l lour laNilyl
2 ! \ - n J l " r r b r - - n c n o f n o r r - ! h o r d r e - r r u
unload fieir Norries on to orher peoflel
3 Broadl!,spsaLi4 do aduhs in )'our couniry lrottle rp
rhcir feeliDgs or let lhen oull
4 Do )'ou think in the main, rhat ieenagers would mther
con{id€ in thcir prrenrs or rheir friends?
; : Notice tlle underlined expressions which are uscd
ro nrake generalis.tions
a) $brk i]l pairs \\'}o would yor expect men women
a teenag€rs like the ones in the photos to confide in:
a) their friends? b) both lriends and lamily? c) somebody
b) Listen and check.
c) Listen again Tich the rrue sentences Correct the false
r Da\e and his liiends tend to talk aboul od) serious rssues
2 DNle thinlts nrcn Duke fricD.ls ruth people wlo enjo-r rhe
3 HcLen sees her lriends evcry dav
a Helen's {rjencls are ver-r patient $ath her.
s Andrca Lrlrsls her hlir.lrcsser to be discfeet.
6 Andrca enjoys lisrennrg to hcr haidrcsseri probtems.
7 Most ol Alci-s conversarions are about evcrycla)'events.
3 Alcx conlides in people of his oNn agc
d) work in pairs $trich things that th€ speakcrs talked
about do yrcu idcnti\ withl Do you think people conl'ide
in each other about different things at different agcs?
Help with Grammar
Clcft senteDces lividc a message irto tlvo parts using wlat or it clauses They caD locus atteniion or ne\ nore important or coDtradictory infonmtioD
(tcan get a bitnrcssed byv/ark.)what tdo if tget stressed is talk ta ny friends- (Dcw iDfomiatioD) (tget on well with my parents.)Hawever, it's my ftiendsthat ttalkta if thave a prcbLen
Vocabulary prepositions and phras€s Grammar cleft sentences: wrat and it clauses Review time expressions with Past Sirnple
'tb tocus on , $41ole serLence \re can use ilnd ldPfers
(t4en dan't unLoad on to other people.)
\\tcn we use 1']r.r, hl,, hos., hcn.1ihcl", etc instead ofwlmr, we usualh use an e\pressio| such as d p.,-sor1, lh€ rudsor etc., with or without the Aperson (who) Itend ta canfide in isnyhairdresseL
/I CLAUSES
b) Look ar these cleft sentences with tt Ansuer
a) tt'd probably be n) parenb who ltl talk to firsL b) lt wasD't until he brohe up wLth his grrllricnd that ny hairdresser starLed lo conlidc in r
r D u l r p l r n p i r " L , , l o r I I n th€ il clausc or in Lhe nho/lhdr clausel
2 \Vhar lerb tollows it?
@ mi,rr crausrs a) Look at this elample rnd answer the
(We'lLhave a d nk and talk aftetwards ) what we tatk abaut isn t deep and neaningfu!, though.
1 Underline the clause that giles nelv inlonnation
in tlie cleft sentence.
2 \\ihicli verb loins the tvo cLauses?
r J L , - - , " - - J n a L r J ! $ r n , : r J u t L
c) Check in t l l o
Trang 101 B
@ a ) t o m p l c r e c n r e n c e b , o i r h a \ r h c \ r ' n c
a) Lucy\ coming ro help me out.
b) Th€ reason Lu.y:s cemiDg i5 to help me 9at
al A[t€r leaving ny ]asljob, I began to sork
b ) lr
3 a) You should wrire a letter and reluse to par:
a aJ Jol rot the problem Ir's Tim.
b ) lt ! .
s a) I {anted to speak ro Ben.
b ) l h € p e r s o n .
5 a) This is what happened I forgot the nap.
b) ffiffi I-isten and check.
c) Listen again and practise.
The rebson Licy s ciningis b heh ne ht.
@ a) Conplete the following sentences about yourself.
1 what I find feally boring
2 1r: rhar reaily irrirares me
3 ] t w a s n t u n t i l
4 The year that
5 What anuses me
6 A place I really love
b) work in groups Say your sentences Ask lbllow
Reading and Vocabulary
@ - a ) $ o r l , i n p a i r M a k c a l i ' r o l - t h r d i l f c r e n r n l c r
o l t r i e n d s y o u could mect at drflcrtnL < t a g r r o f y , ' u r
life e.g school friends Wlll they always be
b) what do you think'fnendship overload' neans?
In what ways might it be a problem?
c) Read the article Does the writer agree with your
ideas in 6b)?
d) Read the article agatu Answer these questions.
1 Wht are families often Do longer xvailable to do
lhe things thet used to?
z I n $ h J r $ d ) - d n t , t ' l c l r ! ' i r g l u , r l l \ i r
lamilyl
r c , o r o i n S r o r h c \ 1 , { h r r * ' u a ' l J \ l u r i
lriends?
a why do people these days seem to have so many
more friends than before?
s \\&.al does rhe l\1iter say about some of the people
6 \\rhy does lhe writer suggest a real triend is oDe
you hardly ever see?
e) Work in pahs Which of the opinions in the
article do you agree or disagree with? Give reasons.
merning as senten(c a).
OId college friends, Internet chat room mates, work colleagues, neighbours we collect ftiends as if they're going out of fashion, says Mory KIIIen
| F p d o p 5 n : n w " r o l o L e " n m o r e o e L c r e
I p o b t d l u o d o b d o rp b r o r r , 1 e t b a
on a regulaT basis, such as confdant, babys tter and someone to watch the TV vr' th, have gone fof good llore often than not, we now ve too far away for this to be pfactical, whlch means that ouffrlends - the peoplewe actua lycome across most rcgulary
- have to he p !s olt Naiura y, they have to be on the same wavelength as well, but liv ng nearby, hav n€ kids at the sarne schoo and so on means that we tend to have a lot
in common Tl'rls ls why they often end up as substtule fam y, ejther by chance or on purposeL
Butwhat about the frends we arc not so close to? There was
a time when people tended to have a smal €roup of 'best' frends and tl'ren a second d vision ol toventy or more ffiends !4/e acquircd aong the way They couid be peope $/e were
on good terms w th at work, and since a B.itsh 25 year old has,
on average, experienced three dfferentjobs, that soon adds lpl
Or perhaps we made friends wth them at school or universiv and kepl in lolch Maybe they are nelghbours, peope we know through hobbies, nightc lbs or ho days, or even trends
of friends
At times lt feels as lf the nlmberc in the second d vision ale Setung olt of contro aswe tfave morc and rnove lobs oa houses ncrcaslng y frequenty - either by cho ce or out of necessity lt sounds lngrateflr, but many of us have colected too many friends and w th on y so many hours n the day it's rnpossib e to keep in contacr with al of them So, let's be honest here Perhaps one in five of our irendships s purey ema , or text based YoLr like each othel but realist ca ly the fr endsh]p is not going to ast in the long run Another fifth s the peope you only phone but barey ever meet Next arc the frends you do see sometrnes, just out of habit F naly, the ast t\ /o fifths are splt betu/een the peope you see a lot in phases and those you see regllarly wh ch nc ldesomeyoLrlike a lot essthan some olthe peop e you on y speak to on the phone, but who happen to ve vefy close Add to this lot your partner\ fflends, yolr !'/ofk colea8ues and lhe parents of yol.rf chlldrcns fr ends, and yolte soon feellng out of your depth t's a huge commitment, the knd that can keep yo! awake at nght.
The Amercans cal t 'obllgation ovedoadl lts the very 21'{ent!ry condtion of co ecting fiends as if our ife depended
on lt and lhen worrying how on earth to keep track of them all flaving so manyfrlends is makng us m serab e and funn ly enough it3 your rcal best friends that won't pLrt paessure on you to see them because they know that le s stessfu enough already!
ln fact, t could be argued that peahaps the defniton of a rcaly cose frend s one you hardly ever see!
Adipted from ihe E{p/e$ t7109/99