Figure Drawing - Beer and Deer

Five digits per limb with long, curved, nonretractile claws.. Large head, small eyes.. I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit!. V; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; B

156 BEAR * ANATOMY

BROWN BEAR

Ursus arctos

Bear characteristics: Large, powerful body; powerful limbs appear

relatively short Rear feet wide Walks on sole and heel of rear foot and

usually on digits of front foot Five digits per limb with long, curved,

nonretractile claws Front claws longer than rear claws Large head,

small eyes Small, round, erect, furry ears Large canines; flat, grinding

molars Short tail Arched back, high shoulder Grizzly has most

promi-nent shoulder hump and dished, slightly concave face (in profile)

Can have very thick layer of fur Grizzly and brown bear belong to the

same species, but differ in geographical range and size The giant

panda is now considered to be a member of the bear family, not the

raccoon family

AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Bicep Biceps brachii;

BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Brrad

Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Corac Coracobrachialis; DelAc

Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECRB

Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor

carpi ulnaris; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I & II; ED1L Extensor digit! I longus; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDBr Flexor digitorum

brevis; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis;

Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head;

GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus;

Plant Plantaris; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; Sart Sartorius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Sol Soleus; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Supra Supraspinatus; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Trachea; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head;

VasLa l/osfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

(from specimen photo; from specimen;afterblainvillele

BEAR > ANATOMY 157

GRIZZLY BEAR

(after curverd)

158 BEAR > PROPORTION

BROWN/GRIZZLY BEAR

BEAR » PROPORTION 159

POLAR BEAR

160 DEER > ANATOMY

Deer (cervid) characteristics: Male has branching, bony antlers, which

are shed and regrown every year; maximum size is reached before

mat-ing begins Antlers shed after matmat-ing season Both male and female

cari-bou and reindeer have antlers No upper teeth in front Generally

grace-ful, delicate, and light; elk and moose are heavier species in deer family.

Straight, horizontal back line usually in the lighter species Neck of

female thinner and more delicate than male Thin limbs Four digits per

limb, only middle two are functional; outer and inner digits very reduced.

Hoofs on toes Walks on toes Short tail.

AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc

Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; DelAc

Deltoid, acromiat portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii

mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis;

EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO

External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris;

FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; RecAb Rectus abdominis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVT Serratus ven-tralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Stemothyrohyoid; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa l/fosfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

(after ellenberger;skullfrom specimen)

DEER > ANATOMY l6l

WHITE-TAILED DEER (MALE) (afterellenberger,antless added)

162 CERVID (DEER FAMILY) > PROPORTION

WHITE-TAILED DEER

CERVID (DEER FAMILY) » PROPORTION 163

MOOSE

164 GIRAFFE » ANATOMY

Giraffe characteristics: Very tall with long neck (elongated neck

vertebrae) and long limbs Bony prominences of neck vertebrae

can be seen on the surface; brachiocephalicus and

omotransver-sarius muscles, which usually cover the neck, begin low on the

side of the neck, rather than up at the skull and first neck

vertebra Back line slopes downward toward rear Usually three,

permanent, bony "horns" in both male and female, covered with

skin and fur Two located on either side of rear of skull (may be

topped with hairy tufts); third horn (sometimes only a knob)

wider, stubbier, and of variable size, located on midline in front

of the other horns, is more developed in the male Long, mobile,

prehensile lips; long tongue Nostrils closable Large eyes with

long lashes No front teeth in upper jaw Two digits with hoofs

per limb Walks on toes Long tail with long hair from tip Upright

mane on midline of neck.

AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph

Brachiocephalicus Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; DelAc Deltoid,

acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; ECR Extensor carpi

radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum

lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal

oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor

digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superflcialis; Front Frontatis;

GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head;

Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra

Infraspinatus; Inttr Intertransversarii; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas

Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LngCa Longus

capi-tis; LngCo Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlancapi-tis; LonCa Longissimus

capitis; LonCe Longissimus cervicis; Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris;

Mass Masseter; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Omohy Omohyoid;

Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris;

PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr

Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius;

Pop Popliteus; RecFe Rectus femoris; ScalV Scalenus ventralis; SemCa

Semispinalis capitis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; Smemb

Semimembranosus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy

Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; SusLi Suspensory ligament;

Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis;

Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo

Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vastus lateralis;