Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide P1

PB Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide® Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide Michael New New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon

PB Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide

®

Oracle Enterprise

Manager 10g

Grid Control Implementation Guide

Michael New

New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

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I dedicate this book to my daughter, Leah, and to my late brother, Robbie

About the Author

Michael New is a senior information systems architect with 17 years of experience

in the software industry After receiving his B.S from M.I.T in Aeronautics and

Astronautics, he worked for six years as a software engineer, principally on the

GPS satellite program at Rockwell For the past 11 years, Michael has worked as

an Oracle core and Oracle Applications DBA He began as a full-time DBA,

moved into consulting with an Oracle partner, then served as a Technical

Manager for Oracle Consulting before launching his own firm, New DB Solutions

Michael has implemented the full array of Oracle products for clients in many

industries, including the Oracle E-Business Suite, RAC, Data Guard, RMAN,

Application Server, and Grid Control (in which he is a recognized authority)

Michael has authored several white papers on database administration, has

been a presenter at Oracle OpenWorld, and has been a technical editor for a

McGraw-Hill Professional book on Oracle 10g Michael lives in New York City

with his five-year-old daughter, Leah You can reach him at Michael@

NewDBsolutions.com or through his web site, www.newdbsolutions.com

About the Technical Editors

Phil Choi worked at Oracle for several years documenting the Enterprise Manager

suite of products Before Oracle, he worked in a variety of industries, including

consulting, software, and e-commerce Phil has yet to put his Mechanical

Engineering degree to good use, but the degree in Creative Writing has come in

handy during his attempts to write short stories and essays for publication Phil

(and his dog Ajax) lives and works in San Francisco

Edward Whalen is the founder and Chief Technology Officer of Performance

Tuning Corporation During his career, he completed many complex consulting

projects and continues to write books and technical papers on various Oracle and

Microsoft technologies Ed has published more than eight books on SQL Server

and Oracle, most recently Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Administrator’s Companion

and Oracle Database 10g Linux Administration Ed is recognized as a leader in

database design and performance optimization and provides critical services to

companies worldwide

v

Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction xv

PArT I Install Grid Control 1 Overview of the Grid Control Architecture 3

What Is Grid Computing? 4

What Is Grid Control? 7

Grid Control Components 10

Grid Control Console 13

Oracle Management Agent 14

Oracle Management Service 15

Oracle Management Repository 17

Data Flow Between Grid Control Components 19

Grid Control, Database Control, and AS Control 22

Grid Control vs Database Control 23

Grid Control vs AS Control 24

Agents for Grid Control, Database Control, and AS Control 26

Grid Control, Database Control, and AS Control: All Together Now 26

2 Grid Control Preinstallation 29

Key Architectural Design Decisions 33

Decide How Many Grid Control Environments to Build 35

How Many Regional Sites Are Required? 36

Make Required Installation Choices 41

Network Configuration Steps 47

Set Up Host Name Resolution 49

Fully Qualify Host Name References 49

Host Name Constraints 52

Use Static IP Addresses 53

Connectivity Checks 53

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vi Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide

Hardware Requirements 55

Hardware Installation Requirements 56

Hardware Operating Requirements 57

Software Requirements 60

Verify Certification Information 60

Create Required OS Groups and Users 61

Create Required Directories 65

Stop Database Listeners Using Port 1521 70

Synchronize OS Timestamps/Time Zones 70

Confirm Platform-Specific Software Requirements 72

3 Grid Control Installation 75

Gather Needed Installation Information 77

Address Installation Bugs 77

Initialize the Oracle User Environment 83

Set Up X Server (UNIX Only) 83

Set/Unset OS Environment Variables 85

Running the Installer with Desired Options 87

Silent Installation Method 87

Static Ports Feature 88

Starting and Monitoring the Installation 89

Install Grid Control Using a New Database 91

Specify Installation Type 91

Specify Installation Location 91

Language Selection 93

Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials 93

Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks 94

Specify Configuration 95

Specify Optional Configuration 95

Specify Security Options 97

Oracle Configuration Manager Registration 99

Summary 100

Install 101

Configuration Assistants 101

End of Installation 103

Install Grid Control Using an Existing Database 103

Steps to Install the OMR Database 105

Run the Installer—GC Existing Database Option 111

Install Standalone Agents on Dedicated OMR Nodes 114

Log in to the Web Console 114

Install the Grid Control Security Certificate in Your Browser 115

Install an Additional OMS 116

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4 Grid Control Post Installation 119

Patch Grid Control 120

Apply the Latest Grid Control Patch Set 121

Apply Latest Database Patch Set Certified for OMR 123

Apply the Latest EM Critical Patch Update 124

Apply Required Grid Control One-off Patches 125

Oracle Management Service Configuration 129

Reduce Grid Control Logging 130

Set Up Oracle User Environment on OMS Hosts 135

Modify the Default Console Timeout 138

Configure OMS for Failover and Load Balancing 138

Tune OMS Thread Pool Size 139

Add OMR Alias to OMS tnsnames.ora 140

Back Up Critical OMS Files 140

Oracle Management Repository Configuration 141

Set Up Oracle User Environment on OMR Nodes 141

Confirm That Listeners Load-Balance Across RAC Nodes 141

Configure i SQL*Plus Access in Grid Control 142

Modify the Data Retention Policy 148

Modify Job Purge Policy 150

Secure the emkey 150

Set Up Grid Control Auditing 151

Configure and Tune the OMR Database 152

Install Oracle Configuration Manager 152

5 Preinstall Standalone Management Agents 155

An Overview of Common Agent Preinstallation Steps 157

Agent Key Installation Decisions 158

Select Agent Installation Methods 158

Use an Existing User or Create a Separate Agent User 162

Install a Local or Cluster Agent 163

Configure a Server Load Balancer First 165

Use an LDAP or Local Agent User 165

Choose to Secure or Not Secure the Agent 166

Agent Hardware Requirements 166

Agent Disk Space Requirements 166

Agent CPU Requirements 167

Agent RAM Requirements 168

Summary of Agent Hardware Requirements 168

Agent Software Requirements 168

Initialize the oracle User Environment 168

Confirm No Existing Agent Is Installed 169

Change Response File if Using an SLB 170

Prepare for Cross-Platform Agent Installation 171

Prepare Targets for Discovery 173

Gather Needed Agent Installation Information 173

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6 Install Management Agents via Agent Deploy 175

Agent Deploy Installation Overview 176

Install Required Packages 178

Configure SSH User Equivalence 178

Set Up SSH Server (SSHD) on Windows 179

Back Up Current SSH Configuration 179

Set ORACLE HOME on OMS Host 179

Run sshConnectivity.sh Script 180

Verify SSH User Equivalence Is Configured 184

Set Up Time Zone for SSH Server 184

Validate All Command Locations 185

Modify Agent Deploy Properties File for SLB 187

Choose Inventory Location 187

Verify Agent User Permissions 188

Prepare for Cross-Platform Agent Push 189

Include Additional Files (Optional) 189

Run Agent Deploy Application 190

Fresh Install 192

NFS Agent 195

Upgrade Agent 196

Agent Deploy Post-Installation 197

Non-NFS Agents 198

NFS Agents 198

Troubleshoot Agent Deploy 198

7 Install Management Agents Locally 201

nfsagentinstall Installation 202

Configure Shared Storage 205

Install Master Agent on Shared Storage 209

Install NFS Agents 211

agentDownload Installation 213

Prepare for agentDownload Installation 214

Copy agentDownload Script from OMS to Target Host 217

Execute agentDownload on Target Host 219

Agent Cloning Installation 223

Silent Agent Installation 225

Interactive Agent Installation 228

Install Required Packages 228

Run the Interactive Installer 229

Agent Post-Installation Steps 236

Set Up Agent User Environment 237

Confirm Agent Is Working 238

Refresh Host Configuration (If Needed) 240

Run agentca for Cluster Agent (Windows Only) 240

Confirm Agent Restart on Reboot Is Configured 240

Back Up the Agent 241

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8 Install Grid Control Clients 243

Install and Configure the EM Java Console 244

Determine Whether You Need the EM Java Console 245

Installation Steps for the EM Java Console 246

Start the EM Java Console 249

Configure Change Manager 250

Install Adobe SVG Viewer 262

Install EM Command Line Interface 263

Install Oracle Configuration Manager Client 264

9 EM Login and Component Control 267

Log in to EM 269

Web Console Login to Grid Control 269

EM Java Console Login 272

AS Console Login 273

iSQL*Plus Login 274

Metrics Browser Login 276

Control EM Components 278

Control iSQL*Plus Server 278

Control the Management Repository 279

Control the AS Console 279

Control the Management Service 280

Control the Management Agent 286

Windows EM Services 290

EM Startup/Shutdown Order 292

PArT II Configure and Maintain Grid Control 10 General Console Configuration 297

Introduction 299

Tour of the Setup and Preferences Menus 299

Follow an Event from Trigger to Notification 303

Reasoning Behind this Chapter’s Menu Navigation Order 305

Set Up Administrators 307

Create Roles 307

Create Administrators 313

Set Administrator Preferences 317

Set Preferred Credentials 320

Configure Notifications 330

Define Notification Methods 330

Set Notification Schedules 334

Create and Subscribe to Notification Rules 339

Enable Patching Features 356

Complete the Patching Setup 356

Schedule the RefreshFromMetalink Job 362

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x Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide

11 Configure Target Monitoring 365

Remove Targets from Monitoring 367

Ensure Agents Are Started 367

Back Up targets.xml File 367

Confirm No Targets Are in Blackout 367

Remove Targets from Grid Control 368

Discover and Configure Targets for Monitoring 370

Three Paths to Discover/Configure a Target 371

Agent Configuration 376

ASM Discovery and Configuration 383

Database Discovery and Configuration 386

Listener Discovery and Configuration 407

Host Additional Monitoring 409

OracleAS Discovery and Configuration 411

Enter Target Properties 413

Grant Management Pack Access 414

Management Options: Packs, Plug-ins, and Connectors 414

Schedule Blackouts for Planned Downtimes 421

Set Blackouts in the Console 421

Set Blackouts at the Command Line 427

12 Configure Group and Service Monitoring 429

Group Configuration 430

Create a Group 431

Group Features 435

Service Configuration 438

SLA Objectives for Services 439

Key Elements of Services 441

Configure a Service 445

13 Tune Metrics and Policies 489

Change Default Metrics and Policies 492

Change Default Metrics 492

Change Default Policies 501

Enable Metric Baselines 504

Metric Baseline Concepts and Terms 506

Create Metric Baselines 509

Disabling Metric Baselines 514

Add Corrective Actions 515

Create Corrective Actions 516

Add Corrective Actions to Metrics or Policies 518

Implement User-Defined Metrics 521

Create an OS User-Defined Metric 522

Create a SQL User-Defined Metric 527

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Use Metric Snapshots 529

Create Metric Snapshots 530

Apply Metric Snapshots 532

Leverage Monitoring Templates 534

Create Monitoring Templates 536

Maintain Custom Metrics when Applying Monitoring Templates 540

Apply Monitoring Templates 541

Compare Settings Between Targets and the Template 544

14 Backup and Recovery of Grid Control 549

Introduction to Grid Control B&R 551

Grid Control B&R Concepts 551

Resetting Agents 554

Recommended Grid Control Backups 557

OMR Database Backup and Recovery 560

Back Up the OMR Database in Grid Control 561

Recover the OMR Database 597

Leverage Flashback Technology for OMR Database Recovery 606

Manage OMR Database Backups in Grid Control 608

Grid Control Software Backup and Restoration 612

OMR Database Software Backup and Restoration 613

OMS Software Backup and Restoration 615

Agent Software Backup and Restoration 619

15 Configure Grid Control for High Availability and Disaster Recovery 623

Grid Control High Availability Recommendations 625

OMS HA Recommendations 627

OMR Database HA Recommendations 633

Agent HA Recommendations 636

Grid Control Disaster Recovery Recommendations 637

OMR Database DR Recommendations 639

OMS DR Recommendations 644

Agent DR Recommendations 648

16 Securing Grid Control Data Transfer 651

Enable EM Framework Security 656

Enable Framework Security Between Agents and OMS 656

Secure Repository Data Transmissions 663

Secure Console Connections 675

Enforce HTTPS Between the Browser and AS Console 676

Enforce HTTPS Between Browser and OHS 677

Security Considerations for Console Web Cache Access 679

Limit GC Console Access to Certain Clients 680

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17 Maintain and Tune Grid Control 685

Perform Routine Grid Control Maintenance Tasks 686

Weekly Online Maintenance Tasks 687

Monthly Offline Maintenance Tasks 693

Gather and Document Grid Control Metrics 699

Types of Grid Control Metrics to Gather 699

Specific Grid Control Metrics to Gather 703

Procedure to Evaluate Grid Control Metrics 708

Tune Grid Control to Reduce Bottlenecks 709

Reduce High CPU Utilization 710

Resolve Loader Backlog 715

Minimize Rollup Delays 719

Evaluate Job, Notification, and Alert Metrics 722

Tune I/O Bottlenecks 723

Improve Poor Console Performance 727

Platform-Specific Tuning Recommendations 734

Appendixes Online at www.OraclePressBooks.com A Agent Subsystems B Certification and Platform-Specific Installation Requirements C Configure and Tune a Database for the Management Repository D Set Up SSH User Equivalence E Configure Grid Control Automatic Startup F RMAN Scripts from Oracle-Suggested Backup Strategy in Grid Control G Configuring OAS Using Oracle Net Manager H Tools for Grid Control Performance Metrics I How to Install the Grid Control Security Certificate in Your Browser Index 737

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xii Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide

Acknowledgments

This book sprung from material for a Grid Control “Deep Dive” class that I developed and taught to Oracle Consulting personnel at the behest of Dennis Horton, a Senior Director at Oracle Without his impetus, I would never have tackled this book

Thanks to the Oracle Press team at McGraw-Hill Professional: Lisa McClain, Mandy Canales, Jennifer Housh; the copyedit team, notably Vastavikta Sharma, Carolyn Welch, and Bill McManus; and the Illustration and Production departments for their work in producing this book I am very grateful to Ed Whalen and Phil Choi for their roles as technical reviewers Ed introduced me to the McGraw-Hill team by bringing me in as a

technical editor for his book, Oracle Database 10g Linux Administration (Oracle Press,

McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005) Later, he told me about McGraw-Hill’s desire to publish

a Grid Control book After I signed up to write this book, Ed provided his company’s computer resources as a platform for most of the Grid Control installation and configuration steps shown in the book I am also largely indebted to Phil Choi, formerly the lead editor at Oracle for Enterprise Manager products, for extensively editing the book’s first draft Phil taught me a great deal about technical writing

I greatly appreciate Oracle’s help in supplying and validating technical content as needed Thanks to Oracle Support in answering some tough questions along the way, particularly Mathieu Hornsperger for explaining the inner workings of Grid Control security Narain Jagathesan and Anirban Chatterjee in the Enterprise Manager development group at Oracle provided much of the detailed information about the Management Agent given in Appendix A (available online at www.OraclePressBooks.com)

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xiv Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide

I’d also like to acknowledge my Oracle mentors: Howard Ostrow, a great all-around

technical resource and RAC expert; Matthew Burke, a DBA master who tutored me for four years

in DBA paths less traveled and encouraged me to present my first white paper; and Ashok

Nagabothu, who took me, when a fledgling DBA, under his wing

I am grateful to my family and friends for seeing me through a trying time personally while

writing this book My brother Jon, his wife Gina, their son Daniel, my mother, and good friends

Adam Bierman and Brad Stonberg were very supportive I am indebted to Amy Seawright,

erstwhile companion, who brought me back to life before my mistress, Oracle, reclaimed it

Finally, I thank my daughter, Leah, and my muse for resurrecting me yet again, once and for all

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xiv Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Implementation Guide

Introduction

This is the first book dedicated solely to the subject of implementing Oracle Enterprise

Manager 10g Grid Control It was only a matter of time before such a book was published

With the first release (10.1) of Grid Control roughly seven years ago, Oracle ushered in a true system management product The latest release (10.2) of the product is enjoying large-scale adoption by companies looking to centrally manage their complete IT infrastructure—not just their Oracle systems, but non-Oracle ones as well Firms around the world are significantly cutting IT expenditures by administering their data center components with Grid Control

As you would expect from such a capable software product, the Enterprise Manager 10g

Grid Control documentation library from Oracle Corporation is bulky, yet still does not contain solutions to certain common installation and configuration hurdles Answers are

found in supplemental material available on OracleMetaLink, the Oracle Technology

Network (OTN), and elsewhere on the Web (How much third-party material alone is out there? Google “Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control” and you’ll get 122,000 hits.) All in all, it’s a lot of material to digest, especially if you’re new to Grid Control

Contrast a Grid Control novice’s first installation using product and supplemental documentation with that of an expert who has performed many installations, having already waded through and assimilated the reference material and learned the bugs, workarounds, optimal installation order, shortcuts, tips, and tricks The expert will likely implement Grid Control successfully, on time and under budget, whereas the novice may not be so fortunate The aim of this book is to lend an expert hand to a DBA who is not intimately acquainted with Grid Control so that he or she can implement it according to best practices, as quickly and painlessly as possible

This book distills what I’ve learned from completing many Grid Control engagements over the past seven years Each implementation was unique: many were large installations at Fortune 500 companies, while others were smaller, proof-of-concept assignments; the platforms were different, as were the high availability requirements Yet, these engagements also shared many commonalities: I ran across same issues over and over again—some

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generic, some platform-specific—and found myself returning to the same reference material for tried-and-true solutions I documented the process for customers and gathered Grid Control

collateral from colleagues When I was with Oracle Consulting, I funneled this knowledge and experience into a week-long Grid Control “Deep Dive,” a hands-on laboratory course that I

developed and taught to Oracle consultants More than anything else, it was this trial by fire in teaching fellow consultants—the toughest students—that motivated me to want to share my

methods with a wider audience

This book is a “best-of” compilation of all these Grid Control experiences, a how-to manual

on which novice and aspiring expert can both rely I provide step-by-step instructions on how to install, configure, maintain, and tune Grid Control releases 10.2.0.3 and 10.2.0.4 for all operating systems on which it is certified The book does not cover how to upgrade an existing OEM 9.2 or

10.1 installation to the latest 10.2 version I concentrate on how to implement Grid Control 10.2,

not how to use it ad hoc (such as to tune managed targets) While configuring Grid Control is the book’s central focus, I use Grid Control to configure itself whenever possible to demonstrate its features By turning Grid Control on itself, so to speak, you will learn how to use it For example, the Chapter 14 material on backup and recovery of the Oracle Management Repository Database applies equally to target databases

The appendices for the book are available at www.OraclePressBooks.com on either the Downloads page or the book product page The material there lends itself better to soft copy because you can copy the provided commands, scripts, etc for setting up Grid Control to your clipboard

This book is intended primarily for Oracle DBAs with at least a few years of experience who want to install and configure Grid Control to administer their IT infrastructure, as well as for system and network administrators assisting in the process In addition, the book is suitable for IT managers responsible for a Grid Control project or just interested in gaining insight into the product’s capabilities to administer both Oracle and non-Oracle products in their data centers To effectively capitalize on the book, those in management roles should have at least a basic

knowledge of Oracle technologies

Conventions

Throughout the book, I refer to two main operating systems: Windows and UNIX The term

“UNIX” refers to all variants of that OS, including Linux UNIX syntax is used unless the

equivalent Windows syntax widely differs The most prevalent difference is between the UNIX forward slash (/) and the Windows backslash (\) in directory specifications

Following are the conventions used throughout the book:

<variable> Text in italicized angle brackets represents a variable Substitute a value for the

variable text and do not type the angle brackets

[ parameters ] Text in square brackets represents one or more optional parameters for

commands Enter any optional parameters and do not type the square brackets

\ In UNIX, the backslash continuation character at the end of a line permits

entering a single command on multiple lines Alternatively, on any platform, you can omit the backslash and type the entire command on a single line, provided it adheres to OS-specific restrictions on the maximum number of characters allowed per line In this book, a backslash at the end of a line signifies to choose one of these methods to enter the command

Part

I

Install Grid Control

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