842 Using Data Pump with Database Control.. 910 Using the SQL Access Advisor with Database Control.. Oracle Certification There are several Oracle certification tracks—this book is conce
Trang 1Chapter 22 The Scheduler 805
Exam Objectives 805
The Scheduler Architecture 806
Scheduler Objects 807
Jobs 807
Programs 809
Schedules 809
Job Classes 810
Windows 811
Privileges 812
Creating and Scheduling Jobs 813
A Self-Contained Job 813
Using Programs and Schedules 814
Event-Driven Jobs 817
Job Chains 819
Lightweight Jobs 819
Using Classes, Windows, and the Resource Manager 822
Using Job Classes 823
Using Windows 824
Two-Minute Drill 826
Create a Job, Program, and Schedule 826
Use a Time-Based or Event-Based Schedule for Executing Scheduler Jobs 826
Create Lightweight Jobs 826
Use Job Chains to Perform a Series of Related Tasks 826
Create Windows and Job Classes 827
Use Advanced Scheduler Concepts to Prioritize Jobs 827
Self Test 827
Self Test Answers 829
Chapter 23 Moving and Reorganizing Data 831
Exam Objectives 831
SQL*Loader 832
External Tables 834
Directories 835
Using External Tables 835
Data Pump 838
Data Pump Architecture 839
Directories and File Locations 840
Direct Path or External Table Path? 840
Using Data Pump Export and Import 841
Capabilities 841
Using Data Pump with the Command-Line Utilities 842
Using Data Pump with Database Control 843
Tablespace Export and Import 845
Resumable Space Allocation 850
Trang 2xxv
Segment Reorganization 852
Row Chaining and Migration 853
Segment Shrink 855
Two-Minute Drill 859
Describe and Use Methods to Move Data (Directory Objects, SQL*Loader, External Tables) 859
Explain the General Architecture of Oracle Data Pump 860
Use Data Pump Export and Import to Move Data Between Oracle Databases 860
Describe the Concepts of Transportable Tablespaces and Databases 860
Manage Resumable Space Allocation 860
Reclaim Wasted Space from Tables and Indexes by Using the Segment Shrink Functionality 861
Self Test 861
Self Test Answers 863
Chapter 24 The AWR and the Alert System 865
Exam Objectives 865
The Automatic Workload Repository 866
Gathering AWR Statistics 866
Managing the AWR 867
Statistics, Metrics, and Baselines 869
The DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY Package 869
The Database Advisory Framework 871
The Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor 871
The Advisors 874
Automatic Maintenance Jobs 875
Using the Server-Generated Alert System 880
Alert Condition Monitoring and Notifications 880
Setting Thresholds 881
The Notification System 882
Two-Minute Drill 886
Use and Manage the Automatic Workload Repository 886
Use the Advisory Framework 886
Manage Alerts and Thresholds 887
Self Test 887
Self Test Answers 889
Chapter 25 Performance Tuning 891
Exam Objectives 891
Managing Memory 892
PGA Memory Management 892
SGA Memory Management 894
Automatic Memory Management 896
The Memory Advisors 897
Trang 3The SQL Tuning Advisor 900
The Capabilities of the SQL Tuning Advisor 901
Using the SQL Tuning Advisor with Enterprise Manager 901
The SQL Tuning Advisor API: the DBMS_SQLTUNE Package 908
The SQL Access Advisor 910
Using the SQL Access Advisor with Database Control 910
Using the SQL Access Advisor with DBMS_ADVISOR 913
Identifying and Fixing Invalid and Unusable Objects 916
Invalid Objects 916
Unusable Indexes 918
Database Replay 921
Database Replay Workload Capture 921
Database Replay Workload Preprocessing 922
Launch the Replay 923
Database Replay Analysis and Reporting 924
Two-Minute Drill 927
Use Automatic Memory Management 927
Use Memory Advisors 928
Troubleshoot Invalid and Unusable Objects 928
Implement Automatic Memory Management 928
Manually Configure SGA Parameters 928
Configure Automatic PGA Memory Management 929
Use the SQL Tuning Advisor 929
Use the SQL Access Advisor to Tune a Workload 929
Understand Database Replay 929
Self Test 930
Self Test Answers 933
Chapter 26 Globalization 937
Exam Objectives 937
Globalization Requirements and Capabilities 938
Character Sets 938
Language Support 940
Territory Support 942
Other NLS Settings 944
Using Globalization Support Features 944
Choosing a Character Set 945
Changing Character Sets 946
Globalization Within the Database 947
Globalization at the Instance Level 948
Client-Side Environment Settings 948
Session-Level Globalization Settings 950
Statement Globalization Settings 951
Languages and Time Zones 952
Linguistic Sorting and Selection 953
The Locale Builder 954
Using Time Zones 954
Trang 4xxvii
Two-Minute Drill 957
Customize Language-Dependent Behavior for the Database and Individual Sessions 957
Work with Database and NLS Character Sets 958
Self Test 958
Self Test Answers 961
Chapter 27 The Intelligent Infrastructure 965
Exam Objectives 965
The Enterprise Manager Support Workbench 966
The Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR) 966
Problems and Incidents 967
The ADR Command-Line Interface (ADRCI) 967
The Support Workbench 968
Patches 971
Types of Patch 971
Integration with MetaLink and the Patch Advisor 971
Applying Patches 972
Two-Minute Drill 978
Use the Enterprise Manager Support Workbench 978
Manage Patches 978
Set Up the Automatic Diagnostic Repository 979
Self Test 979
Self Test Answers 980
Appendix About the CD 983
System Requirements 984
Installing and Running MasterExam 984
MasterExam 984
Electronic Book 984
Help 984
Removing Installation(s) 985
Technical Support 985
LearnKey Technical Support 985
Glossary 987
Index 1003
Trang 6There is an ever increasing demand for staff with IT industry certification The
benefits to employers are significant—they can be certain that staff have a certain level of competence—and the benefits to the individuals, in terms of demand for their services, are equally great Many employers are now requiring technical staff to have certifications, and many IT purchasers will not buy from firms that do not have certified staff The Oracle certifications are among the most sought after But apart from rewards in a business sense, knowing that you are among a relatively small pool of elite Oracle professionals and have proved your competence is a personal reward well worth attaining.
Your studies of the fascinating world of Oracle database administration are about
to begin—you can continue these studies for the rest of your working life Enjoy!
Oracle Certification
There are several Oracle certification tracks—this book is concerned with the Oracle Database Administration certification track, specifically for release 11g of the database
There are three levels of DBA certification: Certified Associate (OCA), Certified Professional (OCP), and Certified Master (OCM) The OCA qualification is based on two examinations; the OCP qualification requires passing a third examination These examinations can be taken at any Prometric Center and typically consist of 60 or 70 questions to be completed in 90 minutes, with 60–70 percent correct needed as the passing score The OCM qualification requires completing a further two-day evaluation
at an Oracle testing center, involving simulations of complex environments and use of advanced techniques that are not covered in this book.
To prepare for the OCA/OCP examinations, you can attend Oracle University instructor-led training courses, you can study Oracle University online learning material, or you can read this book In all cases, you should also refer to the Oracle Documentation Library for details of syntax This book will be a valuable addition
to other study methods, but it is also sufficient by itself It has been designed with the examination objectives in mind, though it also includes a great deal of information that will be useful in the course of your work.
xxix
Trang 7However, it is not enough to buy the book, place it under your pillow, and assume that knowledge will permeate the brain by a process of osmosis: you must read it thoroughly, work through the exercises and sample questions, and experiment further with various commands As you become more familiar with the Oracle environment, you will realize that there is one golden rule: When it doubt, try it out.
In a multitude of cases, you will find that a simple test that takes a couple of minutes can save hours of speculation and poring through manuals If anything is ever unclear, construct an example and see what happens.
This book was developed using Windows and Linux, but to carry out the exercises and your further investigations, you can use any platform that is supported for Oracle.
In This Book
This book is organized to serve as an in-depth preparation for the OCA and OCP Oracle
Database 11g examinations All the official certification objectives are carefully covered
in the book There are three parts, which in effect build up a case study of configuring a database application from nothing to a fully functional system Part I assumes no prior knowledge or software installed and goes through the basics of installing the Oracle software and creating a database Then Part II covers the SQL language, using it to create and use an application in the database created in Part I Part III deals with the maintenance phase of running the database application (matters such as backup and tuning), and some more advanced database capabilities.
On the CD-ROM
The CD-ROM contains the entire contents of the book in electronic form, as well as
practice tests that simulate each of the real Oracle Database 11g OCA/OCP certification
tests For more information on the CD-ROM, please see the appendix.
Exam Readiness Checklist
At the end of this introduction, you will find an Exam Readiness Checklist We constructed this table to allow you to cross-reference the official exam objectives with the certification objectives as we present and cover them in this book This has a reference for each objective exactly as Oracle Corporation presents it, with the study guide chapter in which the objective is covered.
There is no need to sit the three examinations in order You can take them whenever you please, but you will probably gain the highest marks if you sit all three after completing the book This is because the content of the exams builds up slowly, and there is considerable overlap of objectives between the exams Topics dealt with later will revisit and reinforce topics dealt with previously.
In Every Chapter
This book includes a set of chapter components that call your attention to important items, reinforce important points, and provide helpful exam-taking hints Take a look
at what you’ll find in every chapter:
Trang 8• Opening bullets at the beginning of every chapter are the official exam
objectives (by number) covered in the chapter Because the exams have
overlapping objectives, any one chapter may cover objectives from more
than one of the exams.
• Exam Tips call attention to information about, and potential pitfalls in, the exam.
• Exercises are interspersed throughout the chapters; they allow you to get the
hands-on experience you need in order to pass the exams They help you
master skills that are likely to be an area of focus on the exam Don’t just read
through the exercises; they are hands-on practice that you should be comfortable
completing Learning by doing is an effective way to increase your competency
with a product.
• Tips describe the issues that come up most often in real-world settings They
provide a valuable perspective on certification- and product-related topics
They point out common mistakes and address questions that have arisen from
on-the-job discussions and experience.
• The Two-Minute Drill at the end of every chapter is a checklist of the exam
objectives covered in the chapter You can use it for a quick, last-minute review
before the test.
• The Self Test offers questions similar to those found on the certification exam
The answers to these questions, as well as explanations of the answers, can
be found at the end of each chapter By taking the Self Test after completing
each chapter, you’ll reinforce what you’ve learned from that chapter, while
becoming familiar with the structure of the exam questions.
Some Pointers
Once you’ve finished reading this book, set aside some time to do a thorough review
You might want to return to the book several times and make use of all the methods it
offers for reviewing the material:
• Reread all the Two-Minute Drills or have someone quiz you You also can
use the drills as a way to do a quick cram before the exam You might want to
make some flash cards out of 3 × 5 index cards that have the Two-Minute Drill
material on them.
• Reread all the Exam Tips Remember that these notes are based on the
exams The authors have tried to draw your attention to what you should
expect—and what you should be on the lookout for.
• Retake the Self Tests It is a good idea to take the Self Test right after you’ve
read the chapter because the questions help reinforce what you’ve just learned.
• Complete the Exercises Did you do the chapter exercises when you read each
chapter? If not, do them! These exercises are designed to cover exam topics, and
there’s no better way to get to know this material than by practicing Be sure
you understand why you are performing each step in each exercise If there is
something you are not completely clear about, reread that section in the chapter.
Introduction
xxxi
Trang 9Exam Readiness Checklist:
Exams 1Z0-051, 1Z0-052, and 1Z0-053
Examination 1Z0-051, Oracle Database 11g:
SQL Fundamentals I, Objectives
051 Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals I
051.1 Retrieving Data Using the SQL SELECT Statement
051.1.1 List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements 9 051.1.2 Execute a basic SELECT statement 9
051.2 Restricting and Sorting Data
051.2.1 Limit the rows that are retrieved by a query 9 051.2.2 Sort the rows that are retrieved by a query 9 051.2.3 Use ampersand substitution to restrict and sort output at runtime 9
051.3 Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output
051.3.1 Describe various types of functions available in SQL 10 051.3.2 Use character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements 10
051.4 Using Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions
051.4.1 Describe various types of conversion functions that are available in SQL 10 051.4.2 Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions 10 051.4.3 Apply conditional expressions in a SELECT statement 10
051.5 Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions
051.5.1 Identify the available group functions 11 051.5.2 Describe the use of group functions 11 051.5.3 Group data by using the GROUP BY clause 11 051.5.4 Include or exclude grouped rows by using the HAVING clause 11
051.6 Displaying Data from Multiple Tables
051.6.1 Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table
using equijoins and nonequijoins
12 051.6.2 Join a table to itself by using a self-join 12 051.6.3 View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using
outer joins
12 051.6.4 Generate a Cartesian product of all rows from two or more tables 12
051.7 Using Subqueries to Solve Queries
051.7.2 Describe the types of problems that the subqueries can solve 13 051.7.3 List the types of subqueries 13 051.7.4 Write single-row and multiple-row subqueries 13
Trang 10ID Name Chapter
051.8 Using the Set Operators
051.8.1 Describe set operators 13
051.8.2 Use a set operator to combine multiple queries into a single query 13
051.8.3 Control the order of rows returned 13
051.9 Manipulating Data
051.9.1 Describe each data manipulation language (DML) statement 8
051.9.2 Insert rows into a table 8
051.9.3 Update rows in a table 8
051.9.4 Delete rows from a table 8
051.10 Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables
051.10.1 Categorize the main database objects 7
051.10.2 Review the table structure 7
051.10.3 List the data types that are available for columns 7
051.10.4 Create a simple table 7
051.10.5 Explain how constraints are created at the time of table creation 7
051.10.6 Describe how schema objects work 7
051.11 Creating Other Schema Objects
051.11.1 Create simple and complex views 7
051.11.2 Retrieve data from views 7
051.11.3 Create, maintain, and use sequences 7
051.11.4 Create and maintain indexes 7
051.11.5 Create private and public synonyms 7
Examination 1Z0-052, Oracle Database 11g:
Administration I, Objectives
052 Oracle Database 11g: Administration Workshop I
052.1 Exploring the Oracle Database Architecture
052.1.1 Explain the memory structures 1
052.1.2 Describe the process structures 1
052.1.3 Overview of storage structures 1
052.2 Preparing the Database Environment
052.2.1 Identify the tools for administering an Oracle database 2
052.2.2 Plan an Oracle database installation 2
052.2.3 Install the Oracle software by using Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) 2
Introduction
xxxiii