The digestive system (ANH văn CHUYÊN NGÀNH y)

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Chapter 7

The Digestive

System

1Why do we need energy?

2.What gives us energy?

3.Where do we store energy?

4.What are the functions of the

Digestive system?

5 What are the organs in the Digestive system?

Spelling Words—Quiz Thursday

Why do we need energy?

 To do work, such as:

What gives us energy?

Where do we store energy?

 Fat (what tissue is this???)

 Glycogen (a carbohydrate)

What are the functions of the

Digestive System?

What are the functions of the

Digestive System?

 Take in food

 Break food molecules into smaller ones

 Move molecules into bloodstream

 Convert molecules into fat or glycogen

 Detoxify food

 Shape, size, location, function,…

 Eliminate undigested food

Can you name these parts of the

Digestive System?

Can you name these parts of the

 When called upon, read the sentence

and include the correct verb

 Read loudly enough for the entire class

to hear

 Pronounce clearly

Path of Food…Upper Tract

 Oral Cavity

 Pharynx

 Esophagus

 Stomach

The Upper Digestive Tract

The Oral Cavity

 Saliva & Salivary Glands

 Tongue & Taste Buds

 Teeth

The Oral Cavity: Saliva

 Saliva contains:

– Water

– Salts

– Amylase (breaks down starch)

– Lysozyme (kills bacteria)

 Function of Saliva:

– Kills bacteria

– Digests starch

– Liquefies food (dissolves molecules) for

tasting and further digestion

The Oral Cavity: Saliva

 Salivary Glands exist in pairs:

– 2 near the ear

– 2 at back of oral cavity

– 2 under tongue

The Oral Cavity: Tongue

The Oral Cavity: Teeth

The Oral Cavity: Teeth

 Enamel: hard, protective

 Pulp: living cells, nerves, blood vessels

 Dentin: calcium salt, protein

Cavity : erosion of enamel to create a hole

Comprehension check

Exercise 1

molecule

4 32

molars.

leading to decay of the tooth You can prevent cavities

by brushing frequently

Path to the Stomach:

Swallowing

 Tongue pushes food to back of mouth

 Muscles in wall of pharynx contract to move food toward esophagus

 Epiglottis must close!

Role of the Epiglottis

 When Breathing:  When Swallowing:

What happens when someone is

choking?

What happens when someone is

choking?

 Esophagus has not closed properly

 Food enters the trachea (wind pipe)

 Cough reflex occurs

How Food Moves Toward

Stomach

 Peristalsis: waves of muscle contraction

How Food Moves Toward

Stomach

 Peristalsis: waves of muscle contraction

– Is this smooth or skeletal muscle?

– Why doesn’t all muscle in esophagus contract

at one time?

– Lying down after a very large meal

 Food mixed w/stomach acid moves back

up into the esophagus

Comprehension check

6 The gastroesophageal sphinster is comprised of

smooth muscle tissue

The Stomach

 Function:

– Mix food with acidic juices

– Digest some proteins

– Store food until it can be processed by

small intestine

The Stomach

 3 layers of smooth muscle

 Alkaline mucus covers lining

Cause and Effect

 Practice, page 141

Imagining a Process

 Do this with a partner!

 You are a piece of food (your choice)

 Trace your path as you travel through the digestive system

Accessory Organs

Food does not go there!

The Gall Bladder

 Function: Stores and concentrates bile

 Bile Duct leads from gall bladder to the small intestine

The Pancreas

 Functions:

– Secrete digestive enzymes

– Secrete sodium bicarbonate– Secrete hormones

Small intestine Small

intestine Gall bladder

to small intestine

Neutralize acid

Digest food Break up fat

Regulation of Blood Sugar

 The pancreas is an endocrine gland

 It secretes:

– Insulin

– Glucagon

When blood sugar is high…

When blood sugar is low…

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too much insulin, will blood sugar be too high or too low?

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too much insulin, will blood sugar be too high or too low?Insulin  blood sugar

Insulin  blood sugar

_ glycemia (hypo- or hyper-?)

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too much insulin, will blood sugar be too high or too low?Insulin  blood sugar

Insulin  blood sugar

hypo glycemia

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too much

glucagon, will blood sugar be too high or too low?

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too much

glucagon, will blood sugar be too high or too low?

Glucagon  blood sugar

Glucagon  blood sugar

( _? _ glycemia)

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too much

glucagon, will blood sugar be too high or too low?

Glucagon  blood sugar

Glucagon  blood sugar

(hyperglycemia)

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too little insulin, will blood sugar be too high or too low?

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too little insulin, will blood sugar be too high or too low?Insulin  Blood sugar

Insulin  Blood sugar, or

_ glycemia

Check your understanding…

 If the body secretes too little insulin, will blood sugar be too high or too low?Insulin  Blood sugar

Insulin  Blood sugar, or

hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus

 Type I (Insulin Dependent)

– Usually begins in adolescence

– Pancreas unable to make insulin– Person needs to take insulin

– Cause: Autoimmune

Diabetes mellitus

 Type I (Insulin Dependent)

– Usually begins in adolescence

– Pancreas unable to make insulin

– Person needs to take insulin

– Cause: Autoimmune

 Type II (Non-Insulin Dependent)

– Usually begins in late adulthood

– Risk factors: overweight, genetics

– Body cells do not respond to insulin

– Can be controlled with diet, medication

Comprehension check

4. F- right after a big meal, the

pancreas is releasing insulin

Lower Digestive Tract

Pyloric Sphincter Ileocecal sphincter

 Food moves too quickly through the small & large intestines

 Too little water is absorbed

 Feces are more liquid

 Can lead to dehydration and loss of valuable electrolytes (sodium &

potassium)

– ATP  move muscles

 Thyroid hormone helps to regulate

metabolism

Check your knowledge…

 Hypothyroidism means the person has [too much / too little ] Thyroid

Hormone

 Hypothyroidism causes one to:

– Feel tired, cold, weak, & gain weight, OR…– Restless, lose weight, sweating

Check your knowledge…

 Hyperthyroidism means the person has [too much / too little ] Thyroid

Hormone

 You might treat hyperthyroidism by:

– Giving the person TSH, or…

– Removing the thyroid gland.

 How would you recognize a goiter in a patient?

The Large Intestine

 1.5 meters long

 Function:

– Absorb water

– Absorb sodium, potassium

– Move feces toward anus

 Anus:

– Internal anal sphincter (involuntary)– External anal sphincter (voluntary)  Defecation

 Feces move too slowly through large

intestine

– Too much water absorbed  dry, hard feces

– Could lead to appendicitis  peritonitis

Focus on Culture

 Do you think that knowing all this

information is helping Jane or hurting her?

 Do doctors usually speak openly to patients about their illnesses in your home country?

 What are the good points about doctors

speaking openly to patients?

 What are the bad points?

Review