- Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra nhưng không nhất thiết tại thời điểm nói - Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động đang cùng xảy ra một lúc ở hiện tại.. - Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong qu
Trang 1CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC THÌ TIẾNG ANH
Present
simple
To be:
S + is/ am/ are + O
V:
(+) S + V(s/es) + O
(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V + O
(?) Do/ Does + S + V + O?
Example:
- Two and two is/ are four
- He usually gets up at 5
o’clock.
- My cousin doesn’t love
collecting stamps.
- There is a ten-hour train every
day in Long Bien railway
Station.
- Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân
lý luôn đúng.
- Diễn tả sự việc thường xảy ra ở hiện tại.
- Diễn tả những thói quen, sở thích, tập quán hay đặc tính trong hiện tại.
- Dùng trong lịch trình tàu xe, thời khóa biểu/
gian biểu.
usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never,…
- Every + time
- Sau until/ as soon as
Nguyên tắc thêm “es” sau V (S: he, she, it) hoặc N ( số nhiều)
- Từ tận cùng là /
sh/ch/s/ss/x/ thì thêm
“es”
eg: watch/watches, mix/ mixes
- Từ tận cùng là phụ
âm + y: đổi y thành i,
thêm “es”
Eg: study/ studies, cry/ cries.
- Lưu ý:
do/ does, go/ goes, tomato/ tomatoes, potato/ potatoes Nhưng: kilo/ kilos
Present
continuou
s
(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
(-) S + is/am/are + not + V-ing
+ O
(?) Is/ Am/ Are + S + V-ing +
O
Example:
- We are studying English now.
- they are building a super
market near my house.
- At present Lam is listening to
the teacher, An is writing a
letter and Kien is chatting
merrily.
- She is always talking loudly
in the class.
- Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói.
- Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra nhưng không nhất thiết tại thời điểm nói
- Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động đang cùng xảy ra một lúc ở hiện tại.
- Lưu ý: ta dùng
“always” trong thì này
để nhấn mạnh, phê bình, chỉ trích một hành động tiêu cực, không tốt.
Now, at the moment, at present, right now,today, this + time …
Note: Những V chỉ cảm giác, cảm xúc không dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn:
love, like, hate, smell, feel,…
Nguyên tắc thêm
“ing” vào sau V:
- V tận cùng là “e” thì
bỏ “e” trước khi thêm
“ing” Eg: write/ writing, ride/ riding
- V tận cùng là “ee”, giữ nguyên thêm
“ing”
Eg: see/ seeing, agree/ agreeing
- V tận cùng là “ie”, đổi “ie” thành “y” trước khi thêm “ing” Eg: die/ dying, lie/ lying.
- V là phụ âm-nguyên âm- phụ âm, thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm
“ing”
Eg: stop/ stopping, rob/ robbing, plan/ planning.
- V có hai âm tiết, nếu trọng âm rơi vào
âm tiết thứ 2, thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ing” Eg: begin/ beginning, prefer/ preferring, regret/ regretting, permit/ permitting
- V tận cùng là “l”, ta thường gấp đôi “ll”
Trang 2trước khi thêm “ing” Eg: travel/ travelling, cancel/ cancelling.
- V tận cùng là “ic”,
ta thêm “k” trước khi thêm “ing”.
picnicking, traffic/ trafficking
Present
perfect (+) S + have/has + P2 + O (-) S + have/has + P2 + O
(?) Have/ Has + S + P2 +O?
Example:
- He has just repaired the TV
set He is washing his hand
now.
- Mai has learnt/ learned
English for 10 years.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.
For, since, just, already, yet, recently, for a long time, for ages, ever, never,up to now, up to present,
- In the last + time (month/
year )
Present
perfect
continuou
s
(+) S + have/has + been +
V-ing + O
(-) S + have/ has + not + been
+ V-ing + O
(?) Have/ Has + S + been +
V-ing + O?
Example:
- I have been walking since
early morning I am very tired
now.
- Nhấn mạnh một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.
Since, for, for a long time, for ages,…
Past
simple
To be:
S + was/ were + O
V:
(+) S + V-ed + O
(-) S + didn’t + V + O
(?) Did + S + V + O?
Example:
- It was very hot yesterday.
- My family went to Da Lat last
summer holiday.
- It was midnight He closed the
window, turned off the light and
then went to bed.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc, không còn liên quan đến hiện tại.
- Diễn tả một loạt các hành động nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
- Ago, last, yesterday, in/
on + time in the
past,…
Nguyên tắc thêm
“ed” vào sau động từ ( có quy tắc):
- V tận cùng là “e”, giữ nguyên “e” rồi thêm “d” Eg: tie/ tied, smoke/ smoked, hope/ hoped.
- V có phụ âm-nguyên âm- phụ âm,
ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm
“ed”
Eg: stop/ stopped, rob/ robbed.
- V có hai âm tiết, nếu trọng âm rơi vào
âm tiết thứ 2, ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ed” Eg: prefer/ preferred, regret/ regretted.
- V tận cùng là “l”, ta thường gấp đôi “ll” trước khi thêm “ed”
Trang 3Eg: travel/ travelled, cancel/ cancelled.
- V tận cùng là phụ
âm + y, đổi y thành i,
thêm “ed”
Eg: study/ studied, cry/ cried.
- V tận cùng là “ic”,
ta thêm “k” trước khi thêm “ed”.
Eg: picnic/ picnicked, traffic/ trafficked
Past
continuou
s
(+) S + was/were + V-ing + O
(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing
+ O
(?) Were/ Was + S + V-ing
+O?
Example:
- At 8 pm yesterday, I was
going out with my friends.
- While Tom Cat was sleeping,
Jerry Mouse appeared and took
a piece of cheese away.
- Diễn tả (những) hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì
có hành động khác xen vào.
- Ago, last, at/
in/ on + time in
the past,…
- when, while
Past
perfect
(+) S + had + P2 + O
(-) S + hadn’t + P2 + O
(?) Had + S + P2 + O?
Example:
- When Henry came last
Sunday, Ann had left for Paris.
- This hospital had been built
for children before 1985.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác ở trong quá khứ.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
- Ago, last, at/
in/ on + time in
the past,…
- when, while, before, after
Past
perfect
continuou
s
(+) S + had + been + V-ing +
O
(-) S + hadn’t + been+ V-ing
+O
(?) Had + S+ been + V-ing +
O?
Example:
- She had been waiting for you
for nearly three hours before
you were present.
- Nhấn mạnh một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác/ một thời điểm ở trong quá khứ.
- Ago, last, at/
in/ on + time in
the past,…
- when, while
Simple
future (+) S + will/ shall + V + O (-) S + will/ shall + not + V +
O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + V + O?
Example:
- It is raining cats and dogs, I
will stay here till it clears up.
- I will help you when you have
trouble.
- Will you stop talking please?
- Quyết định sẽ làm gì ngay tại thời điểm nói ( không chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra)
- Lời hứa hẹn làm gì, ngỏ ý giúp ai,…
- Yêu cầu ai làm gì một cách lịch sự.
Next, tomorrow, in/on + time in
the future.
SVs/es
Trang 4future to + V + O
S + is/am/are +V-ing + O
Example:
- We are going to Finish this
course on August.
- There are many black clouds
in the sky It is going to rain.
- I am studying Chinese next
year.
- Kế hoạch, dự định đã được sắp sẵn từ trước
- Dự đoán một việc chắc chắn sẽ sớm xảy
ra dựa vào tình huống của hiện tại.
tomorrow, in/on + time in the future.
SVs/es
không được dùng trong cấu trúc Be + going to + V
Example:
I am going to come/go to Hanoi
next month
Future
continuou
s
(+) S + will+ be + V-ing + O
(-) S + will/ shall + not + be +
V-ing + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + be +
V-ing + O?
Example:
- At 8 am tomorrow, we will be
attending a meeting.
- When he comes back, the
children will be sleeping.
- Diễn tả/ dự đoán một hành động sẽ đang xảy
ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai
tomorrow, in/on + time in
the future.
SVs/es
Future
perfect
(+) S + will + have + P2 + O
(-) S + will/ shall + not + have
+ P2 + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + have + P2
+ O?
Example:
- When he returns, they will
have built this bridge.
- By the end of this year, my
parents will have got married
for 50 years.
- Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trước một thời điểm/ hành động trong tương lai
Next, tomorrow, in/on + time in the future.
SVs/es
- By + time in
the future
- Before
Future
perfect
continuou
s
(+) S + will + have + been +
V-ing + O
(-) S + will/ shall + not + have
+ been + V-ing + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + have been
+ V-ing + O?
Example:
- By June he will have been
living here for 10 years.
- Nhấn mạnh một hành động sẽ xảy ra trước một thời điểm/ hành động trong tương lai
Next, tomorrow, in/on + time in the future.
- When
- By + time in
the future
- before
Trang 5Bài tập áp dụng
I Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1 John tennis once or twice a week
A is playing usually B is usually playing
C usually plays D plays usually
2 Tom his hand when he was cooking dinner
A burnt B was burning C has burnt D had burnt
3 Jim is away on holiday He to Spain
4 Everything is going well We any problems so far
A didn’t have B don’t have C haven’t had D hadn’t had
5 I think the weather be nice later
6 Jane just a few minutes ago
7 Timson 13 films and I think her latest is the best
A made B had made C has made D was making
8 Robert lately ?
A Did you see B Have you seen C Do you see D Are you seeing
9 When I was a child, I the violin
A was playing B am playing C played D play
10 He for the national team in 65 matches so far
A has played B has been played C played D is playing
11 I’m busy at the moment I on the computer
12 When I looked round the door, the baby quietly
A is sleeping B slept C was sleeping D were sleeping
13 Robert ill for three weeks He is still in hospital
14 I’m very tired I over four hundred miles today
A drive B am driving C have drived D have driven
15 Our friends meet us at the airport tonight
16 This isn’t my first time to visit London here before
17 What time to work this morning ?
A did you get B are you getting C have you got D do you get
18 When I him, the man was running away
19 I haven’t seen Kate Christmas
20 He’s worked for this company many years
21 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department
A was telephoning B telephoned
C had telephoned D has telephoned
22 Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he _homesick
A will have left B felt C feels D is feeling
23 Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _to visit friends and family several times
A return B will have returned C am returning D have returned
24 After the race _, the celebration began
A had been won B is won C will be won D has been won
25 While he was washing his car, Mr Brown _a small dint in the rear fender
A has discovered B was discovering C is discovering D discovered
26 The earth _ on the sun for its heat and light
A is depended B depends C is depending D has depended
27 I’m busy at the moment _on the computer
Trang 6A I work B I’m worked C I’m working D I worked
28 At this time tomorrow _over the Atlantic
A we’re flying B we’ll be flying C we’ll fly D we’re to fly
29 Our friends _next us at the airport tonight
A are B are going to C go to D will be to
30 When I entered the room, everyone _
A has been dancing B was dancing C had danced D danced
31 He said that he _ his homework since 7 o’clock
32 How long able to drive? - Since 1990
A could you B have you been C were you D are you
33 She won't get married until she 25 years old
34 This building used to be a library, _?
A doesn't it B didn’t it C isn’t it D wasn’t it
35 Nobody was injured in the accident, ?
A was there B was he C were they D wasn't it
36 Let's go out for a walk, ?
37 Jane and I school in 1987
A finish B have finished C finishes D finished
38 John and Ann ……… married last Saturday
A get B got C is getting D have got
39 His brother……….high school 6 years ago
A finish B finished C finishes D has finished
40 We have been living here……… 1990
A for B from C since D during
41 Pasteur _ in the 19th century
A was living B lived C had lived D has lived
42 .Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own
A is having B are having C has D had
43 Don’t bother me while I ………
A am working B was working C will work D will have completed
44 How since we school?
A are you / left B will you be / had left
C have you been / left D had you been/ had left
45 When he came
A I was watching TV B I watched TV
C I am watching TV D I have watched TV
46 The piano _ at the moment
A repairs B repaired C is repaired D is being repaired
47 I saw Jack yesterday morning while I home from work
A walked B was walking C am walking D had been walking
48 My brother out at weekend
A doesn’t usually go B does usually not go
C doesn’t usually goes D usually doesn’t goes
49 Everyday, my sister the floor
A usually clean B cleans usually C usually cleaned D usually cleans
50 Your English …………wonderfully since last month
A improved B was improved C have improved D has been improved
51 Anita very hard at the moment
A is studying B studies C studied D has studied
52 He for London one year ago
A left B has left C leaves D had left
53 She in Hue for twenty years
A lives B has lived C lived D will live
54 I to the market with my mother yesterday
Trang 7A go B went C have gone D was going
55 How long you her? – For five months
A do/know B are/knowing C have/known D had/known
56 I usually to school by bus
57 Yesterday morning I up at 6.30
A got B get C was getting D had got
58 Please don’t make so much noise I
A studying B study C am studying D studied
59 Water at 100 degrees Celsius
A boils B boiled C is boiling D will boil
60 It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours
A rains B is raining C has rained D rained
61 you out last night?
A Did/go B Do/go C Have/gone D Were/going
62 This house 35,000 pounds in 1980
A costs B cost C had cost D was cost
63 While Tom tennis, Ann a shower
A played/took B was playing/was taking
C playing/taking D was play/was take
64 Mike is playing chess How long he ?
A did/play B is/playing C has/play D has/been playing
65 When they in the garden, the phone
A worked/was ringing B worked/rang
C were working/rang D work/rings
66 After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday
A have/go B had had/go C had/had gone D had had/went
67 They tea when the doorbell
A have/is ringing B had had/ rang C were having/rang D having/ringing
68 Father his pipe while mother a magazine
A smoked/read B was smoking/was reading
C had smoked/read D smoking/reading
69 He in the same house since 1975
A has lived B is living C lived D had lived
70 He to HCMC last year and I him since then
A moved/didn’t see B moved/haven’t seen
C moves/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen
71 We what to do with the money yet
A not decide B haven’t decided C didn’t decide D hadn’t decided
72 My father as a teacher for thirty years
A works B is working C worked D has worked
73 Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly
A drove B had driven C drives D was driving
74 Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now
75 I her at the school gate yesterday
76 I don’t remember where and when I her
77 They to know each other for more than ten years
78 I the film with my friends last week
A watched B watch C have watched D had watched
79 He up at five every morning
A is getting B got C gets D was getting
80 she in Hue at the moment?
A Does/live B Is/living C Did/live D Was/living
81 He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness
A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying
82 Don’t make noise, children! Parents
Trang 8A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept
83 Why you often so much noise in the house?
A do/make B did/make C are/making D were/making
84 What he before you came?
A does/do B had/do C had/done D has/done
85 What he at 4pm last Sunday?
A did/do B was/do C had/done D was/doing
86 Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married
A asked/was B asks/am C had asked/was D has asked/am
87 How long you novels?
A have/write B do/write C have/written D are/writing
88 you sometimes out with friends?
A Are/going B Do/go C Have/gone D Did/go
89 I a lot of badminton recently
A play B have played C am playing D was playing
90 We your mother for ages
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
91 We our plan next week
A started B will start C have started D will have started
92 They a house by June next year
A will build B are building C have built D will have built
93 The film by the time we get there
A ends B will end C is ending D will have ended
94 Tom to Hanoi before
A is never B had never been C was never D has never been
95 When we came to the stadium, the match
A already begins B had already begun
C already began D have already begun
96 It was the first time I such a beautiful girl
A ever saw B had ever seen C have ever seen D ever see
97 She the gold medal in 1986
98 I ……….in this town for 15 years My family……….here when I …… 10 years old
A have been/moved/was B was/moved/was
C was/have moved/ have been D was/moved/have been
99 Thousands of people……… this exhibition by the end of the month
A will see B are going to see C will have seen D are seeing
100 She told me that her family………in that town long
A lived B have lived C had lived D are living
II Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He for London one year ago
2) She in Hue for twenty years
3) I to the market with my mother yesterday
4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother
A do/think B are/thinking C have/thought D were/thinking 5) How long you her? – For five months
A do/know B are/knowing C have/known D had/known
6) I usually to school by bus
7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30
8) Please don’t make so much noise I
9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius
10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours
Trang 911) you out last night?
12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980
13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower
C was playing/was taking D was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess How long he ?
A did/play B is/playing C has/play D has/been playing
15) When they in the garden, the phone
A worked/was ringing B were working/rang C worked/rang D work/rings
16) After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday
A have/go B had had/go C had/had gone D had had/went
17) They tea when the doorbell
A have/is ringing B were having/rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing 18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine
C was smoking/was reading D smoking/reading
19) When I into the office, my boss for me
A came/was waiting B was coming/waited
C had come/waited D came/waiting
20) When I Brian, he a taxi
A see/drives B see/was driving C saw/was driving D saw/is driving 21) When he , we dinner
A arrived/having B arrived/were having
C was arriving/had D had arrived/had
22) While they chess, we the shopping
23) They football when the lights in the stadium out
C were playing/ was going D playing/went
24) While George and John their room, she the ironing
C were cleaning/doing D cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday
A is/was B has been/is C has been/was D has been/had been
26) He in the same house since 1975
27) We him since he married
A didn’t see/got B haven’t seen/got C don’t/get D hadn’t seen/got 28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis
A is raining B had rained C has rained D was raining
29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then
A moved/didn’t see B moves/haven’t seenC moved/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen
30) We what to do with the money yet
A not decide B didn’t decide C haven’t decided D hadn’t decided 31) My father as a teacher for thirty years
32) He to New York three times this year
33) I how to dance when I six years old
A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am
C didn’t know / was D haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year
A sends/sent B sent/sends C sent/sent D sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now
Trang 1037) I her at the school gate yesterday.
38) She English when she was six years old
A learned B has learned C is learning D had learned 39) I don’t remember where and when I her
40) They to know each other for more than ten years
41) you that film yet?
42) I the film with my friends last week
A watched B watch C have watched D had watched 43) He up at five every morning
44) she in Hue at the moment?
A Does/live B Is/living C Did/live D Was/living 45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness
A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying 46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents
A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept
47) Why you often so much noise in the house?
48) What he before you came?
49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework
50) At this time yesterday I to music
A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening 51) What he at 4 P.m last Sunday?
A did/do B was/do C had/done D was/ doing
52) When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends
A am B was C have been D had been
53) Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married
A asked/ was B asks/am C had asked/was D has asked/am 54) How long you novels?
A have/write B do/write C have written D are/writing 55) you sometimes out with friends?
A Are/going B do/ go C Have/gone D Did/go
56) I a lot of badminton recently
A play B have played C am playing D was playing
57) When I home, everyone TV
A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching
58) We your mother for ages
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
59) London a lot since we first to live here
A changed/came B has changed/ came
C had changed/ came D has changed/ come
60) How many times you this film? – The first time
A have/ seen B did/see C do/see D had/seen
II Choose the part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting.
61) Yesterday David was crossing (A) a street when (B) a truck was turning (C) a corner
very fast and almost hit (D) him.
62) When Rita will get (A) her driver’s license next week (B), she will be able (C) to drive
to school everyday (D).
63) So far (A) she spends (B) a lot of time there (C) chatting with (D) her friends.
64) Jack is living (A) in Spain now (B) His Spanish had improved (C) greatly since he
moved (D) there.