CH04 hand tools and shop equipment STUDENT VERSION rev

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Chapter 4

Hand Tools and Shop Equipment

Units of Measure

• United States Customary (USC)

– Linear examples: inch, foot, yard, mile

– Weight examples: ounce, pound, ton

– Temperature example: Fahrenheit

– Pressure examples: pounds per square inch – Torque example: foot pounds

Units of Measure (cont’d)

• Metric

– Linear examples: meter, centimeter, kilometer – Weight examples: grams, kilograms

– Temperature example: Celsius

– Pressure examples: kilogram per square

centimeter, bar

– Torque example: Newton meters

Bolt Identification

Washers and Other Fasteners

• Flat washers are used with a fastener to spread out the load.

• Lock washers are used to lock the bolt head or nut in place.

• Nuts are used with bolts and studs and have

hardness grades as well.

• Cap screws are similar to bolts but are

threaded along their entire length.

Thread Lubricants and Sealants

• Bolts and studs are commonly coated with an anti-seize compound.

• Tightening torque should be reduced when

using anti-seize.

• Fasteners that thread into oil or coolant

passages should have thread sealant to

prevent liquids from seeping past the threads.

Typical Outside Micrometer

• Outside micrometers

are used to measure

brake rotor thickness,

bearing journal

diameter, taper, and

out-of-round.

• English and metric

micrometers are used.

Reading a Metric Micrometer

Measuring Devices (cont’d)

A Typical Set of Hand Tools

Hand Tools (cont’d)

• Ratchets and Sockets

– Six, eight, or twelve

Hand Tools (cont’d)

• Screwdrivers

• Pliers

• Hammers and mallets

Hand Tools (cont’d)

• Punches and chisels

• Files

• Taps and dies

Types of Torque Wrenches

– A dial indicates the amount of torque exerted.

• Digital read out

– Is usually the most accurate design.

Types of Torque Wrenches

Hand Tool Safety

• Use the proper tool for the job

• Use the correct size wrench or socket

• Use box-end wrench or socket whenever possible

• Always pull on a wrench

Power Tools

• Impact wrenches – use only approved

impact sockets

• Air ratchets – not torque sensitive

• Drills – allow faster drilling

• Blow guns – always wear proper protective equipment when using a blow gun

Jacks and Lifting Equipment

• Floor jack is used to elevate a vehicle

Never work under a vehicle supported by

only a floor jack

• Jack stands are used to support a vehicle once elevated

• Never overload the capacity of floor jacks

or jack stands

Lifting Equipment (cont’d)

• A lift is used to raise and support a vehicle

• Several types of lifts are used:

– Above ground swing arm lifts

– In ground single post lift

– In ground dual post lift

– Drive on lifts

• Never use a lift without proper training.

Above Ground and In Ground

Four-Point Contact Lifts

Service Information Sources

• Manufacturers service information

• Computer-based information systems

Steps for Using a Service Manual

• Select the appropriate manual for the

vehicle being serviced

• Use the table of contents to locate the

applicable section

• Use the index at the front of the section to

locate the required information

Steps for Using a Service Manual

(cont’d)

• Carefully read the information and study

the illustrations and diagrams

• Follow the required steps and procedures.

• Adhere to all of the given specifications

and safety precautions