THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM ppt _ ANH VĂN (y dược)

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THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

The gastrointestinal system

 What Is the Gastrointestinal

System?

The gastrointestinal system

 The gastrointestinal system is

essentially a long tube running

right through the body, with

specialised sections that are

capable of digesting material put

in at the top end and extracting any useful components from it,

then expelling the waste

The gastrointestinal (GI) system

(the digestive system)

 Consist of organs and

components.

 work together intricately to break

food down into sugars, amino

acids, fatty acids, and other

simple molecules that are

absorbed into the bloodstream.

Organs of gastrointestinal system

How Does the Digestive System

Work? (1)

 Food enters through the mouth

and is broken down by saliva and the act of chewing It passes

through the esophagus until it

reaches the stomach. 

 The stomach uses acids and

enzymes to convert food into a semi-liquid state called chyme The stomach then expels the

chyme into the small intestine. 

 The small intestine is the portal

for all nutrients to enter into the bloodstream Crucial digestive

enzymes and hormones secreted from the pancreas, liver, and

gallbladder break down the semi-liquid chyme into molecules small enough to be absorbed into the

bloodstream. 

 Any leftover food goes into the

large intestine, where it is

converted into solid waste with the help of bacteria Water and salts are extracted from any

undigested food The

end-product is expelled through the rectum and anus

What Causes an Unhealthy

Digestive System?

 Poor diet –deficient in essential

nutrients affects the digestive

system’s ability to function

effectively and can lead to many chronic conditions

 Overuse of antibiotics –

Antibiotics kill the “good”

bacteria and the “bad” bacteria, leading to an imbalance in

intestinal flora If the “good”

bacteria ( probiotics ) are not

replenished, the result is a poorly functioning digestive system

 Chronic infections resulting from

various organisms, bacteria,

fungi, and viruses – An

overgrowth of bacteria (such as H pylori) or fungi (such as Candida

yeast) can aggravate chronic

conditions and contribute to

malabsorption of vital vitamins,

minerals, and amino acids

 Food intolerances – Lactose and

gluten intolerance can irritate the digestive system.

 Stress – Chronic stress and

negative thinking can literally

“upset” the digestive system

Over time, stress can cause

serious damage to the digestive system, in the form of ulcers and hypochlorhydria.

 Heavy metal toxicity – Heavy

metals such as mercury cannot

be easily processed by the

digestive system

 Lack of proper digestive enzymes

– Without the right combination

of digestive enzymes, food can’t

be broken down efficiently, which leads to vitamin, mineral, and

amino acid deficiencies

 Low hydrochloric acid (HCl) – A

low output of HCl (aka

hypochlorhydria) leads to

bacterial and yeast overgrowth, which aggravates many chronic conditions