chuyên đề tiếng anh tense chuẩn

- Diễn tả một phong tục, thói quen ở hiện tại, thường có các trạng từ: always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ year/ once/ three ti

She isn’t a teacher.

Are they workers? – Yes, they are.

Where is Lan? – She is in the kitchen

Eg (+) They live in Tuyen Quang.

(-) They don’t live in Ha Giang.

(?) Do they live in Tuyen Quang? – Yes, they do.

(+) He works in Hanoi.

(-) He doesn’t work in Tuyen Quang.

(?) Does he work in Hanoi? – Yes, he does.

* Wh-questions:

(?) Where do they live? – They live in Tuyen Quang

(+) S (I, We, You, They) + V (infinitive without “to”)

S (He, She, It) + V (s/es)

(-) S (I, We, You, They) + do not (don’t ) + V(infinitive without “to”)

S (He, She, It) + does not (doesn’t) + V(infinitive without “to”)

(?) Do + I/we/you/they + V(infinitive without “to”) ?

Does + he/she/it + V(infinitive without “to”) ?

* Wh- + do/does + S + V(infinitive without “to”) ? (Chú ý: Khi từ để hỏi là chủ ngữ thì không áp dụng cấu trúc này mà trật tự từ trong câu ở dạng khẳng định)

Eg Who does it?

What makes you sad?

* Đối với các chủ ngữ là các đại từ nhân xưng I, We, You, They và các danh từ số nhiềuthì động từ chia ở dạng nguyên thể không “to”:

Eg They often play volleyball in the afternoon

* Nếu chủ ngữ ở dạng số ít (He, she, it) thì thêm “s” hoặc “es” vào sau động từ:

- Cách thêm ‘s, es’ :

+ Thông thường ta thêm "s" vào sau động từ: works, likes, loves, wants,

+ Thêm “es” vào sau động từ tận cùng là "ss, x, z, ch, sh, o": misses, kisses, passes, relaxes,

boxes, buzzes, teaches, approaches, finishes, washes, goes, does

+ Động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + "y", chuyển thành ‘i+es’: cry cries, fly  flies, study 

studies,

+ Động từ tận cùng là nguyên âm + "y" thì vẫn tuân theo quy tắc thêm “s” thông thường:

play  plays, say  says, pray  prays

+ Số ít của “have” là “has”.

* Use:

- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự kiện khoa học hay một hiện tượng tự nhiên

Ex : Water boils at 100oC

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west

- Diễn tả một phong tục, thói quen ở hiện tại, thường có các trạng từ: always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ year/ once/ three times a week/a month,

Ex: We always go to school at 6 a.m

He often gets up at 5.30

- Một tình huống, công việc lâu dài, hoặc một chương trình, thời khóa biểu, lịch tàu xe Ex: I’m a teacher

He works in a bank

The train to Ho Chi Minh City leaves at 5.30 am

There is a football match at 9 p.m on TV tonight

More examples: + She usually(go) to school by bus

+ John and Ann always(watch) TV after dinner

2 The Present Continuous Tense

* FORM

Eg (+) I am reading an English book.

(-) She is not cooking in the kitchen at the moment.

(?) Are they playing handball with their friends now?

* Wh-questions: Why is she crying?

(+) S + am/is/are + V -ing

(-) S + am/is/are + not + V -ing

(?) Am/Is/Are+ S + V -ing ?

Wh-questions: Wh- + am/is/are + S + V -ing ?

(Chú ý: Khi từ để hỏi là chủ ngữ thì không áp dụng cấu trúc này mà trật tự từ trong câu ở dạng khẳng định Eg Who is talking in the room?)

a) Cách thêm đuôi "-ing": Thông thường, ta thêm "-ing" vào sau động từ, tuy nhiên :

+ Động từ tận cùng là "e", bỏ ‘‘e’’ rồi thêm ‘‘-ing’’: live  living, drive  driving,

+ Động từ tận cùng là "ie", chuyển thành ‘‘y + ing’’: die  dying, lie  lying,

+ Động từ 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 kết thúc bằng MỘT

nguyên âm và MỘT phụ âm thì nhân đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "-ing" (ngoại trừ động từ

- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói hoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói,

thường dùng với : now, right now, at the moment, at present,

E.g: Tom is having dinner at the moment.

What are you doing now?

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.

Listen! Someone is crying somewhere

- Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai có kế hoạch trước:

E.g: George is leaving for New York tomorrow.

What are you doing tonight?

- Diễn tả hành động thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại gây sự bực mình hay khó chịu cho ngườinói Cách dùng này được dùng với trạng từ “always, continually”

E.g He is always losing his keys (Anh ấy cứ hay đánh mất chìa khóa)

Notes: Không sử dụng dạng tiếp diễn (V_ing) với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác hoặc sự

sở hữu như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, feel, smell, remember, forget, … Vớicác động từ này, ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn giản

E.g: I’m tired (Tôi đang mệt)

4 I usually ……… shopping on weekend

5 Hai often ……… his face at 6.15

6 Thanh and Mai always ……… a movie on Saturdays

A see B sees C do see D does

7 ………….he often ……… a bus to school?

A Do/take B Is/take C Does/takes D Does/take

8 We ……… students in class 8A

9 She ……… homework in the evenings

10 He usually ……… a taxi to the railway station

11 Look! A man ……… you

12 Keep silent! I ……… to the radio

A am listening B listen C is listening D listens

13 At the moment, I ……….a book and my brother ……… TV

A read/watch B am reading/is watching C reading/watching D is reading/are watching

14 At the moment, Nam and his friends ………shopping at the mall

15 Oh no! Look! It ………… again It always ……… in this country

A snow/snow B snows/snows C snowing/snowing D is snowing/snows

* Answer keys:

1- B, 2- A, 3- B, 4- C, 5- A, 6- A, 7- D, 8- A, 9- B, 10- A, 11- C, 12- A, 13- B, 14- C, 15- D

C HOMEWORK

Exercise: Choose the best answers

1 My and I always ……… to the countryside by bus

2 Our teacher usually ……… us many exercises

3 He often ……… a train to work

4 The sun ………in the East

5 My old friend, Manh ……… to me twice a month

6 What she says ……… true

7 The weather generally ……… quite hot in July and August

8 Michael………… thirsty eight hours a week

9 Peter usually ………lunch at school

10 They often ………their parents on every Saturday

11 I …… with my parents but right now I ……… with some friends for a few days

A live/stay B living/staying C am living/stay D live/am staying

12 Look! That boy ……… after the bus He ………… to catch it

A is running/wants B run/want C running/wanting D runs/wants

13 What are you doing next Saturday? Nothing special I ………… at home

14 Where's John? He ……… to a new CD in his room

15 Jean has been working hard all day but she ………… at the moment

A isn’t working B not working C doesn’t work D aren’t working

Examples: (+) Nam has lived in Hanoi for 10 years

(-) I have not found my door keys yet.

(?) Have you ever met him before? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.

(?) What have you just done?

(+) S + have/has + V (past participle)

(-) S + have not (haven’t)/has not (hasn’t)+ V (past participle).

(?) Have/Has + S + V (past participle) ?

* Wh- + have/has + S + V (past participle) ?

(I/We/You/They + have … ; He/She/It + has …)

* USE:

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening in the past and still

continuing at the present time (often used with since and for).

Eg: We have lived in this city for 10 years.

She has worked in that company since 2000.

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used to express past actions whose time is not definite

Eg: I have read the instructions but I don’t understand them.

He has gone away.

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening in an incomplete period

Eg: It has been cold this winter.

Have you seen him today?

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used to express a past experience

Eg: I have been to Ho Chi Minh City several times.

He has done this job before.

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action which will be completed in the future

Eg: I will go when I have finished my homework.

He will phone you as soon as he has finished his work.

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used with just for a recently completed action.

Eg: I have just bought a dictionary.

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used with “not …… yet”

Eg: I have not written to him yet

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used with “It is the first time/the second time….”

Eg: It is the first time that he has been to Tuyen Quang.

+ The Present Perfect Tense is used with the following adverbs: never, ever, recently, lately,

already, up to now, so far, for a long time, for ages, for the past few months/years…

2 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

* Form:

Examples: (+) Nam has been living in Hanoi for 10 years

(-) I have not been finding my door keys yet.

(?) Have you been cooking? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.

(?) What have you been doing ?

(+) S + have/has + been + V -ing

(-) S + have not (haven’t)/has not (hasn’t)+ been + V -ing.

(?) Have/Has + S + been + V -ing ?

* Wh- + have/has + S + been+ V -ing ?

(I/We/You/They + have … ; He/She/It + has …)

* USE:

Thì này diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại

Notes:

Không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để nói những tình huống tồn tại 1 thời gian dài

nhất là khi có always.

Eg: Alice has always worked hard

(Không dùng has always been working hard)

Không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn với các động từ được liệt kê ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn(các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác)

Eg: How long have Bob and Alice been married?

(Không dùng have Bob and Alice been being married)

Các từ hay đi kèm là:

* Since: + Mốc thời gian

* For: + khoảng thời gian

Eg: I have been studying French for five years

B PRACTICE

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1 My mother _ (teach) at Tan Trao High School since 1990

2 He already _ (be) in Ho Chi Minh City twice

3 All the students in our class (study) harder recently

4 It is the second time we (visit) Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum

5 you _ (feed) the cat yet? No, I _ (not do) it

6 English _ (be) popular all over the world for a very long time

7 She (earn) her living since she graduated from university

8 What they just _ (do)?

9 We (not finish) our homework yet

10 It _ (rain) a lot this summer

C HOMEWORK

Exercise : Hoàn thành các đoạn hội thoại sau bằng cách chia các động từ.

Tom: Hi Ana I (try) _1 _ to ring you several times today Where (you / be) _2 ?Ana: I (be) _3 _ at home all the time But I (clean) 4 _ the house all day, so maybe I didn't hear the phone ring

Tom: (you/ clean) 5 everything now?

Ana: No, not yet I (tidy/ not) _6 _ up the kitchen yet But why are you here?

Tom: Don't you remember? Jane (invited) 7 us to her birthday party and we (buy/ not) _8 _ a present for her yet

Ana: Oh, that's right (you/ find out/ already) _9 _ what she wants?

Tom: Well, she (learn) _10 Spanish for a year and wants to spend her next holiday inMexico Maybe we could get her a guide book

Ana: That's a good idea There is a good bookshop in the big shopping centre I (see)

11 some nice books about Mexico there recently

* Answer keys:

1- have tried, 2- have you been, 3- have been, 4- have been cleaning,

5- Have you cleaned, 6- haven’t tidied, 7- has invited, 8- have gone already found out, 9- has been learning, 10- have seen, 11- have seem.

THE SIMPLE PAST AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSES

- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ với thời gian xác định

Eg: She went shopping with me yesterday afternoon.

Lan wrote a long letter to her sister last night.

- Diễn tả một thói quen hay một công việc lâu dài trong quá khứ: used to + V-infinitive

Eg: They used to play on the swings when they were children

When I was a student, I always went to the library to borrow books.

- Các trạng từ thường dùng: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year/Christmas, in 1995,

2 The Past Continuous Tense

Eg: I was watching a football match on T.V at 8 o'clock last night.

- Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn trong quá khứ (QKTD) thì một hành động khác xenvào/cắt ngang (quá khứ đơn)

Eg: I was having dinner when he came.

- Diễn tả hai hoặc nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời tại cùng một thời điểm xác định trong quákhứ

Eg: At 8p.m yesterday, Mary was watching TV while Tom was reading a newspaper.

B PRACTICE.

Choose the best option by circling A, B, C or D.

1 I my old school teacher last week

2 A burglar _ into the house while we television

A broke/ were watching B broke/ watched

C had broken/ watched D broke/ had watched

3 I all of my homework last night

A finish B will finish C have finished D finished

4 In the 19th century, it _ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon

5 When Carol _ last night, I my favorite show on television

A was calling / watched C called / have watched

B called / was watching D had called / watched

6 When I _ home last night, I _ that Jane _ a beautiful candlelight dinner

A had arrived / discovered / prepared

B was arriving / had discovered / was preparing

C have arrived / was discovering / had prepared

D arrived / discovered / was preparing

7 Sam _ to change a light bulb when he _ and _

A was trying / slipped / fell C tried / was slipping / falling

B had been trying / slipped D / was falling d has tried / slips / falls

8 I _ you last night after dinner, but you _ there Where _ you?

A was calling / are not / are C called / were not / were

B had called / had not been / were D called / have not been / are

9 The Titanic _ the Atlantic when it _ an iceberg

A was crossing / struck C had crossed / was striking

B crossed / had struck D is crossing / strikes

10 The number of the participants in the survey _ 250 students for Oxford University

11 I _ a terrible accident while I _ on the beach

A see / am walking C saw / was walking

B was seeing / walked D have seen / were walking

12 What _ when the fire alarm _ off?

A are you doing / will go C have you done / would go

B were you doing / went D will you do / are going

13 They enthusiastically when their teacher in

A discuss / comes C will have discussed / comes

B will discuss / will come D were discussing / came

14 I have not met her for three years

A The last time I met her was three years ago B It is three years when I will meet her

C I did not meet her three years ago D During three years, I met her once

15 He last visited London three years ago

A He has been in London for three years B He hasn't visited London for three years

C He didn't visit London three years ago D He was in London for three years

Choose the best option by circling the letter A, B, C or D

1 I have not seen Tom for ages

A It has been a long time since I last saw Tom B Tom and I do not look the same age

C Tom and I are friends for a long time D I often met Tom ages ago

2 I haven't met my grandparents for five years

A I have met my grandparents for five years B I often met my grandparents five years ago

C I didn't meet my grandparents five years ago D I last met my grandparents five years ago

3 It is three years since I her in Bangkok in 2013

4 Lan learning English a few years ago

A starts B will start C started D is starting

5 _ Tom Cruise's last movie? Yes, I _ it three days ago

A Have you ever seen / saw C Did you ever see / have seen

B Had you ever seen / would see D Will you ever see / saw

6 In the past, people _ to the beach more often

A have gone B used to go C were going D had gone

7 Last week, we an interesting film about the animal world

see B saw C are seeing D will see

8 He his job last month and then he _out of work

A lost / was B was lost / had been C has lost / was D lost / have been