In the 1970s, genetic material from a wild corn species in Mexico was used to stop a leaf fungus that had previously wiped out 15% of the U.S.. Plant and animal species are the foundat[r]
Trang 1TEST YOURSELF D
TEST 1 Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest
1 a weapon b become c country d decade
2 a habitat b century c difficult d prohibit
3 a ivory b punishment c government d destruction
4 a population b particular c recovery d illegally
5 a continent b however c elephant d tropical
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence,
substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the
original one
6 Hunting wild animals is prohibited _ law in many countries
but it does not seem to be effective
a in b on c with d by
7 A ban was given _ all trade in ivory in 1989
a with b on c for d from
8 There was a huge decline _ the number of panda
a in b for c of d out
9 She was involved in conservational _ and began to devoted
herself to the wildlife protection movement
a act b action c activity d acting
10 According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a
severe _
a punish b punishable c punishment d punishing
11 Many Asian people _ like hunting elephants for their ivory
and tigers for their bones
a particular b particularity c particularly d particularize
12 A _ is the skin of a large animal such as a cow, horse, or
elephant, which can be used for making leather
a tooth b hide c ivory d tusk
13 Many wildlife parks have been installed security cameras to guard
against _ who regularly hunt wild animals illegally
a poachers b conservationists
c environmentalists d authority
14 It is _ that about 700 deer have been killed in the last few
years due to their horns
a declined b grown c damaged d estimated
15 We use _ to attack or to fight against other people
a weapon b hide c punishment d poaching
16 _ is a hard cream-colored substance which forms the tusks
of elephants It is valuable and can be used for making carved ornaments
a Horn b Tooth c Ivory d Hide
17 In 1989, a ban was given on all international trade in ivory
c destruction d prohibition
18 Unrestricted whaling during the 20th century is _ example
of overexploitation
a a b an c the d Ø
19 Due to the trade in animal parts, many species continue to suffer high rates of _ exploitation
20 The whaling industry brought many species of _ whales to extremely low population sizes
21 I can't find my book anywhere I _ have left it on the train I
am not sure
a must b needn't c should d might
22 You _ lunch We have already eaten
a need preparing b needn't have prepared
c should prepare d should have prepared
23 If I had gone to the University of Miami, I _ in their Spanish immersion program
a should' participate b needn't participate
c could have participated d must have participated
24 Let's do something to protect the environment, _ we?
a must b need c will d shall
25 I will do everything You _ do anything unless you really want to
a may b needn't c must d ought to
26 You _ forget to learn the lesson by heart The new teacher is so strict
a needn't b mustn't c mayn't d mightn't
27 They _ be away for the weekend, but I am not sure
a might b can c must d should
28 You _ now if you wish
a must leave b may leave
c need leaving d mustn't leave
29 You _ worry so much I will help you
a must b mustn't c might not d needn't
Trang 230 If there is anything you _ Let me know
a must b should c need d may
Error Identification
31 In several parts of Asia, there is still a strong market for
traditional
A B
medicines making from these animal parts
C (made) D
32 Disease, pollute , and limited distribution are factors that threaten
A (pollution) B C D
various plant and animal species
33 If a species does not have the natural genetic protection against
A B
particular diseases, an introduced disease can have severely
effects on that species C D (severe)
34 A species that faces overexploitation is one that may become
severely
A B
endangered or even extinct due to the rate in that the species is
being used C D (which)
35 When several whale species were nearly extinct, the number of
nations,
A B C (a)
including the United States, agreed to abide by the international
laws on
D
whaling
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer
Plants and animals hold medicinal, agricultural, ecological value
Endangered species must be protected and saved so that future
generations can experience their presence and value
Plants and animals are responsible for a variety of useful
medications In fact, about forty percent of all prescriptions written
today are composed from the natural compounds of different species
These species not only save lives, but they contribute to a prospering
pharmaceutical industry worth over $40 billion annually
Unfortunately, only 5% of known plant species have been screened for
their medicinal values, although we continue to lose up to 100 species
daily The Pacific yew, a slow-growing tree found in the ancient
forests of the Pacific Northwest, was historically considered a "trash"
tree However, a substance in its bark was recently identified as one of
the most promising treatments for ovarian and breast cancer Additionally, more than 3 million American heart disease sufferers would die within 72 hours of a heart attack without digitalis, a drug derived from the purple foxglove
There are an estimated 80,000 edible plants in the world Humans depend upon only 20 species of these plants, such as wheat and corn,
to provide 90% of the world's food Wild relatives of these common crops contain essential disease-resistant material They also provide humans with the means to develop new crops that can grow in inadequate lands such as in poor soils or drought-stricken areas to help solve the world hunger problem In the 1970s, genetic material from a wild corn species in Mexico was used to stop a leaf fungus that had previously wiped out 15% of the U.S corn crop
Plant and animal species are the foundation of healthy ecosystems Humans depend on ecosystems such as coastal estuaries, prairie grasslands, and ancient forests to purify their air, clean their water, and supply them with food When species become endangered,
it is an indicator that the health of these vital ecosystems is beginning
to unravel The U.S Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that losing
one plant species can trigger the loss of up to 30 other insect, plant and
higher animal species The northern spotted owl, listed as threatened in
1990, is an indicator of the declining health of the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest These forests are the home to over 100 other old-growth dependent species, which are at risk due to decades of unsustainable forest management practices Pollution off the coast of Florida is killing the coral reefs along the Florida Keys, which serve as habitat for hundreds of species of fish Commercial fish species have begun to decline, causing a threat to the multi-million dollar tourism industry, which depends on the quality of the environment
36 Plants and animals _
a contain medicaments
b will not exist until the future generations can experience their value
c do some harm to medication
d take no responsibility for medication
37 Plants and animals _
a take up all recent prescriptions are
b play no role in pharmaceutical industry
c can be used to save lives
d cause difficulty to pharmaceutical industry
38 According to the text, _
Trang 3a human beings do not like to use plants as medicine
b human beings depend on plants for food and medicine
c there is no disease-resistant material in edible plants
d edible plants do not include wheat and corn
39 Which sentence is true?
a Humans do not depend on ecosystem
b The loss of one species may lead to the 16ss of others
c Unsustainable forest management practices have no effects on
species
d The coast of Florida does not suffer any pollution:
40 The word trigger has a close meaning to _
a cause b pollute c contaminate d decline
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase
There are a (41) _ of causes that can contribute directly or
indirectly (42) _ the extinction of a species or group of species
Just as each species is unique, and (43) _ is each extinction The
causes for each are varied – some subtle and complex, others obvious
and simple Most simply, any species that is unable to (44) _ or
reproduce in its environment, and unable to move to a new
environment where it can do so, will (45) _ out and become
extinct Extinction of a species may come suddenly when a healthy
species is wiped out completely, as when toxic pollution makes its
entire (46) _ unlivable; or may occur gradually over thousands or
millions of years, such as when a species gradually loses out in (47)
_ for food to better adapted competitors
The question of whether more extinction in the fossil record have
been caused by evolution or by catastrophe is a subject of discussion
When talking about species extinction has been raised, most expert
concern with the (48) _ of climate change and technological
disasters Currently, environmental groups and some governments are
concerned (49) _ the extinction of species caused by human
beings, and are attempting to combat further extinctions through a
variety of conservation programs Humans can cause extinction of a
species through overharvesting, (50) _, habitat destruction,
introduction of new predators and food competitors, overhunting, and
other influences
41 a popularity b differences
c variety d many
42 a to b for c with d at
43 a otherwise b so c but d or
44 a damage b deforest c disappear d survive
45 a go b put c die d take
46 a nature b reserve c diversity d habitat
47 a compete b competition
c competitor d competitive
48 a effects b efforts c destructions d punishment
49 a for b at c about d against
50 a pollution b planting c raising d agriculture
TEST 2 Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest
1 a prohibit b exhibit c habit d hunting
2 a hide b ivory c decline d continent
3 a weapon b increase c threat d spread
4 a elephants b decades c poachers d actions
5 a endangered b threatened c recovered d advanced
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one
6 People have hunted animals _ food, hides, and ivory
a on b for c in d with
7 Protecting wildlife _ being extinct requires strict laws and forces
a from b on c at d over
8 The number of the world's elephants is restricted _ some certain countries
a at b into c to d upon
9 Our environment is _ because of serious pollution and endangerment
a threat b threatened c threatening d threaten
10 A _ punishment is necessary to prevent poaching and cutting trees illegally
a severe b severely c severity d severities
11 An _ of the number of elephants in Asia is about 5 million
a estimate b estimable c estimated d estimation
12 _ passenger pigeon, one of several species of extinct birds, was hunted to extinction over _ few decades:
a The / Ø b Ø / the c The / a d A / the
Trang 413 Since the 1600s, humans have rapidly increased _ rate of
extinction because of population growth and resource
consumption
a a b an c the d Ø
14 Today, most of _ world's habitats are changing faster than
most species can evolve, or adapt to such changes
a a b an c the d Ø
15 We need _ actions and interventions of the local authorities
to prevent national parks from being destroyed by pollution
a excitedly b threateningly
c approximately d timely
16 There was no scientific evidence that the catastrophic _ in
Britain's song-birds was due to the unwelcome attention of birds of
prey
a appearance b decline c increase d development
17 _ weapons have made more contribution to poaching and
killing wild animals
a Huge b Light c Advanced d Commercial
18 Are pandas to only China? Do they survive in any other
countries?
a restricted b distributed c submitted d threatened
19 Poachers deserve strict for what damage they have caused to
wildlife
a estimation b award c location d punishment
20 Although the government has taken certain measures to protect
elephants, numerous threats remain for them
a too much b a lot of c some d a few
21 _ you open the window, please? It is so hot in here
a May b Might c Could d Need
22 You _ go to the shop I have already bought the milk
a ought to b needn't c should d may
23 Family _ spend more time talking, instead of just watching
TV
a must b should c might d needn't
24 Please, keep silent You _ speak during the exam
a may not b might not c needn't d must
25 You _ drive at more than 70 miles per hour in the UK
a mustn't b needn't c may not d might not
26 Yesterday, I had to cram all day for my French final _, I
did not get to sleep until after midnight
a Nevertheless b However c Therefore d But
27 While hiking in Alaska, you have to keep an eye out for bears If you see one, you _ approach it It is dangerous
a might not b may not c needn't d must not
28 Polar bears are beautiful animals; _, they are wild and unpredictable in nature
a despite b however c so d therefore
29 You do not have to be afraid of bear, _ educating yourself about the dangers can help keep you safe
a but b so c therefore d although
30 You _ leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself
a must b needn't c may d mustn't
Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one
31 You must never take your helmet off while you are riding a motorcycle
a If you are riding a motorcycle, you needn't wear a helmet.'
b When you are riding a motorcycle, wearing a helmet is not a must
c You needn't wear a helmet whenever you are riding a motorcycle
d Helmets must be worn at all times when you are riding a motorcycle
32 John was not here yesterday Perhaps he was ill
a John needn't be here yesterday because he was ill
b Because of his illness, John should have been here yesterday
c John might have been ill yesterday, so he was not here
d John must have been ill yesterday, so he was not here
33 I think Tom needs to see a doctor His cough is terrible
a With that terrible cough, Tom ought to see a doctor
b Although his cough was terrible, I think Tom needn't see a doctor
c Tom must have got a terrible cough and he needs to see a doctor
d Tom did not see a doctor due to his terrible cough;
34 I took a sweater but it was not necessary
a I needn't have taken a sweater
b It was too necessary for me to take a sweater
c I should have taken a sweater
d I must have taken a sweater
35 If I were you, I would take the train instead of the bus
a You should have taken the train instead of the bus
Trang 5b You should take t4e train instead of the bus
c I advise you to take the bus
d You must have taken the train instead of the bus
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer
One of the most important ways to help threatened plants and
animals survive is to protect their habitats permanently in national
parks, nature reserves or wilderness areas There they can live without
too much interference from humans It is also important to protect
habitats outside reserves such as on farms and along roadsides
You can visit a nearby national park or nature reserve Some
national parks have special guided tours and walks for kids Talk to the
rangers to find out whether there are any threatened species and how
they are being protected You and your friends might be able to help
the rangers in their conservation work
When you visit a national park, make sure you obey the wildlife
code: follow fire regulations; leave your pets at home; leave flowers,
birds' eggs, logs, bushes and rocks where you find them; put your
rubbish in a bin or, better still, take it home
If you have friends who live on farms, encourage them to keep
patches of bush as wildlife habitats and to leave old trees standing,
especially those with hollows suitable for nesting animals
Some areas have groups which look after local lands and nature
reserves They do this by removing weeds and planting local native
species in their place You could join one of these groups, or even start
a new one with your parents and friends Ask your local parks
authority or council for information
By removing rubbish and weeds and replanting with native plants
you will allow the native bush to gradually regenerate This will also
encourage native animals to return
36 Plants and animals can live without too much interference from
humans in national parks, nature reserves or wilderness areas
a True b False c No information
37 Never visiting a national park is a good way of helping conserve
wildlife
a True b False c No information
38 Tourists cannot ask anything about threatened species when they
are in a national park
a True b False c No information
39 Farms are also ideal places for conserving species
a True b False c No information
40 Native species will reproduce some day in the future
a True b False c No information
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase
The current global extinction rate is (41) _ at about 20,000 species per year, exponentially greater than the background extinction
rate Many (42) _ believe that we are in the middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the (43) _ of the dinosaurs 65
million years ago
From what is known about present-day populations and from (44) _ theory, the change in either the physical (45) _ the biological environment is the key to extinction However, the
vulnerability of a species depends (46) _ a wide variety of factors,
such as its total population size, geographical (47) _, reproductive ability, ecological relations with other species, and genetic characteristics For example, more emphasis is put on the greater
vulnerability of species that reproduce slowly as contrasted with those
that reproduce (48) _ Other factors, such as food-plant specialization, may make many fast reproducers more vulnerable than species that reproduce more slowly No matter (49) _ fast an insect species that depends on (50) _ certain plan can reproduce;
it will still go extinct if that plant's habitat is destroyed
It has been estimated that about one half billion species have lived
at one time or another, and today's existing species are only 2% of
those that have ever evolved The other 98% have either died out or evolved into something sufficiently different to be called a new species
41 a increased b distributed c estimated d added
42 a biology b biologists c biological d biologically
43 a disappearance b remain c disposal d limitation
44 a evolve b evolution c evolutionary d evolutionist
45 a so b and c nor d or
46 a in b on c at d about
47 a opportunity b follow c spread d distribution
48 a rapidly b cheaply c cheerfully d lastly
49 a how b what c when d which
50 a a b an c the d Ø