Tir ngudn ddla diu md, UAE da ty lye tao ra nhung lgi the khac trong kinh doanh djch vy tai chinh ngan hang, thu hiit khach du ljch den nhiing bai bien tuyet dep, nhirng khach san sa[r]
Trang 1TRUNG 0 6 N G
MO HINH KINH TE CAC TIEU Vl/QNG QUOC ARAP THONG NHAT (UAE)
Tran Thi Lan Huang*
Tieu vuong qudc Arap Thdng
nhit (UAE) la mdt dit nude nhd
vdi dien tich lanh thd 83.600 km^ dan sd
nam 2008 udc tinh khoang 6 trieu ngudi,
trong dd chi cd dudi 20% dan sd mang qudc
tich UAE, cdn lai la cac chuyen gia va ngudi
lao ddng den tir khap nai tren the gidi 30
nam trudc day, UAE la mdt trong nhirng
nude dugc xep vao hang kem phat trien nhat
tren the gidi, nhung ngay nay ndi day dugc
danh gia la mdt trong nhung qudc gia ed thu
nh§p binh quan dau ngudi ngang bang vdi
cac quoc gia cdng nghiep phat trien va la
nude dat thii hang cao trong chi sd phat trien
ngudn nhan lye (HDI), chi sd minh bach
qudc tl va chi sd canh tranh toan cau Di len
tir diu Ilia va du ljch, UAE da biln dat nude
*Th9c sT, Vi?n Nghifin ciru ChSu Phi \i Trung Dong
sa mac thanh mdt dat nude giau ed va thjnh vugng Neu nhu the gidi phan chia cac nude thanh cac md hinh phat triin eg ban: md hinh Anglo - Saxon, md hinh chau Au luc dia, md hinh Bac Au (Scandinavia), md hinh Ddng A, md hinh Singapo, md hinh dan nhan bay , thi UAE cd thi dugc vi nhu mdt tieu md hinh nam giira nhiing md hinh kinh
te tren Tan dyng nhung diiu kien tu nhien dac thii mang lai va nhiing dieu kien thuan lgi ciia mdi trudng qudc te, con dudng phat trien kinh te ciia UAE vira mang dac trung cua cac md hinh di trudc, vira cd nhung net rat rieng biet
1 UAE - dat nu'dc cua sa mac va dau luTa
UAE bao gdm 7 tieu vuong qudc la Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah va Fujairah trong
Tgp chinghiin ciru CHAL PHI & TRLIVG BdNG so 02 (54) thang 02/2010 ;23i
Trang 2Tran Thi Lan Hu'dng A/d hinh kinh teCac Tieu vudng quoc
dd Abu Dhabi la tieu qudc Idn nhat va la thu
dd ciia UAE (dien tich khoang 67.340 km^'
chilm tdi 87% dien tich lanh thd cua UAE)
va tieu qudc nhd nhat la Ajman vdi dien tich
chi la 259 kml Trudc nam 1971, UAE thudc
quyen cai quan cua cac tieu vuong ngudi
Arap (dugc ggi la Sheikh) va nam trong
quyen cai quan cua Anh vdi ten ggi Trucial
States hoac Trucial Oman Vao thang 12
nam 1971, Anh ky hiep udc rut quan ra khdi
cac nude viing Vjnh va nha nude UAE dugc
hinh thanh ngay sau dd gdm 6 tieu qudc, va
den nam 1972 tieu qudc Ras al- Khaimah
chinh thirc trd thanh tieu qudc thii 7 cua
UAE Mac dii cd 7 tieu qudc, nhung phan
Idn nhiing ddng gdp ddi vdi su phat trien kinh
te ciia UAE chii yeu la tir 2 tieu qudc Dubai
va Abu Dhabi Hai tieu qudc nay hien chiem
tdi tren 80% GDP va chilm tdi 88% luc
lugng lao ddng cua toan UAE Day la mdt
qudc gia Hdi giao cd ba ngudn tai nguyen
duy nhat: sa mac cat, nude bien va dau liia
* Sa mac cat: Dieu de nhan thay nhat d
UAE dd la hau het be mat lanh thd cua toan
dat nude nay la cat Sa mac la net dac trung
cua cau tao dja chat UAE do be mat dat bj
xdi mdn \'a khi hau khd ndng Cat d UAE rat
day do tram tich tir dau md cua nen dat da
viing Arap C) nhiing viing ven bien UAE,
cat cd do phi nhieu hon do he thuc vat tao
nen, tuy nhien d cac vimg dao, eat cd dac
diem khd can Cau tao tang dja chat d UAE
cho thay cat nam ngay tren be mat lanh thd
cho den tan do sau hang kildmet Vdi khi
hau ndng va khd, ludn d nhiet do tren dudi 48''C, lugng mua hang nam chi la 120 mm, UAE la mdt dat nude khdng cd dat dai dl canh tac ndng nghiep Nhirng sa mac cat da dugc ngudi dan UAE dau tu thanh nhiing khu du lich, thu hiit hang trieu du khach tir khip nai tren the gidi vdi cac thii vui dua xe may, dua d td va cudi lac da rong rudi quanh
sa mac
* Nude bien: UAE la dat nude dugc bao bgc xung quanh bdi phan Idn la bien Nam tren vjnh Oman va vjnh Persic, UAE chi cd bien gidi dat lien vdi Arap Xeut va Oman
Bd bien ciia UAE dai khoang 650 km, chii yeu thudc ve hai tieu qudc Dubai va Abu Dhabi Cd the ndi UAE nam trong mdt vi tri dja ly chien luge thugc phia nam eo bien Hormuz - mdt diem trung chuyen quan trgng
ve diu Ilia tren the gidi Do khdng cd ao ho, sdng sudi, UAE hau nhu khdng cd nude nggt
de sinh boat va phyc vy cho san xuat Vi vay, nude bien la mdt ngudn tai nguyen vd gia de dat nude nay che tao thanh nude nggt phyc vy cudc sdng hang ngay
* Dau Ilia: Dau liia dugc phat hi?n va khai thac d Abu Dhabi vao nam 1961 va tir nam 1962 Abu Dhabi bit diu xuit khiu nhung thimg diu thd diu tien ra thi gidi Nhd ngudn tai nguyen diu liia vd gia, da bit dau tien hanh d at cac cdng trinh xay dyng quy md Idn, bao gdm ca ca sd ha tang, trudng hgc, nha d, benh vien, va dudng xa Cimg vdi Abu Dhabi, dau liia tilp tyc dugc phat hien va khai thac d Dubai vao nam
Tgp chinghiin ciru C H A L PIII A TRUNG BOIMG so 02 (54) thang 02/2010
Trang 3hid hinh lanh teCac Tieu vudng quoc Tran Thj Lan Hu'dng
1969 va nhiing sa mac cat hoang so da
nhanh chdng biln thanh thanh phd sim uit,
hien dai nhd ngudn dd la diu lira Sau khi 7
tieu qudc chinh thiic sap nhap thanh mdt
qudc gia thdng nhat vao nam 1971 -1972,
UAE chinh thiic trd thanh hien tugng phat
trien nhanh bac nhat the gidi nhd khai thac
va xuit khau dau liia Theo thdng ke ciia Bd
Dau khi va Tai nguyen khai khoang UAE,
thi cdng suit khai thac dau lira d UAE trung
binh la 2,2 trieu thiing/ngay Vao nam 2000,
du trii diu lira ciia UAE udc tinh khoang
98,8 ty thiing, dung thii ba tren the gidi va
chi diing sau Arap Xeut va Iraq Dy trir dau
Ilia cua UAE chilm khoang 10% tdng lugng
diu dy trir tren thi gidi Vdi cdng suat khai
thac khoang 2,2 trieu thiing/ngay, thi UAE cd
thi sii dyng diu lua dh phyc vy san xuat trong
vdng 122 nam (tinh tir nam 2000), cd nghia la
vao khoang nam 2122 UAE se het diu
Ngoai diu lira, UAE cdn cd ngudn tai
nguyen khi ddt (gas) udc tinh khoang 6
nghin ty m^ vao nam 2000, chilm khoang
4% tdng lugng gas dy tru: tren thi gidi va
UAE la nude diing thii 4 tren thi gidi vl du
trir khi dot Vao nam 1999, cdng suit khai
thac gas cua UAE la 2940 trieu m^ Vdi
lugng dy triir va cdng suit khai thac gas nhu
hien nay, UAE cd thi khai thac ngudn tai
nguyen nay trong vdng 60 nam (tinh tir nam
1999), cd nghia la vao khoang nam 2059
UAE se can kiet nguon tai nguyen khi ddt
Trong giai doan diu phat trien kinh te ke
tir khi trd thanh mgt qudc gia thdng nhit
(1971), UAE hoan toan phy thudc vao cac ngudn tai nguyen dau lira, khi ddt, sa mac cat
va nude bien Sau ban 30 nam phat trien thjnh vugng, UAE ngay nay dang cd gang giam bdt sy phy thudc cua nen kinh te vao dau khi va thuc hien cac ke hoach da dang boa nen kinh te de bien UAE trd thanh trung tam kinh te - thuang mai, du lich va djch vu hang dau trong khu vuc vung Vfnh va tren the gidi
2 Mo hinh phat trien kinh te cua UAE ke tu' nam 1971 den nay
Md hinh phat trien kinh te cua UAE cd the dugc tdm tat qua cac dac diem nhu sau: +) Chinh quyen ddng vai trd chu dao trong phat triin kinh te: +) Phat trien kinh te thdng qua "con dudng nhanh": +) Sir dung lye lugng lao ddng linh boat; +) Bd qua giai doan cdng nghiep hoa va tien thang len nen kinh te djch vu; +) Hdi nhap nhanh vao nen kinh te toan cau
* Chinh quyen ddng vai trd chu dao trong
phdt trien kinh te
UAE theo che do quan chu lap hien lien bang, trong dd tdng thdng la ngudi dimg dau nha nude va thu tudng dimg dau chinh phii Ngoai ra, diing diu cac tieu qudc la cac vj tilu vuong (hay cdn ggi la Sheikh) Theo co ciu chinh phu, tieu qudc nao cd su ddng gdp Idn nhit trong GDP cua UAE thi Sheikh ciia tilu qudc dd se dugc bau lam tdng thdng, va tilu qudc nao cd su ddng gdp Idn thir hai trong GDP cua UAE thi Sheikh ciia tieu
Tgp cMnghiin ciru CIlAV PIII & TRUNG Bdl\G so 02 (54) thang 02/2010
Trang 4Tran Thi Lan Hu'dng Mohinh kinh teC^c Tieu vudng quoc
qudc dd se dugc bau lam thu tudng Ke tir
nam 1971 den 2004, tdng thdng ciia UAE
thudc ve Sheikh cua Abu Dhabi la Zayed bin
Sultan Al Nahyan Sau khi dng nay mat, con
trai la Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
len ke vj va tiep tuc la tdng thdng UAE tir dd
cho den nay
Su phat trien kinh te cua UAE nam trong
quyen dieu hanh true tiep cua tdng thdng,
thu tudng va cac tieu vuong Tat ca tai san
cua cac tieu qudc nam trong tay nha nude
(thuc chat la nam trong tay cac tieu vuong)
Khu vuc kinh te tu nhan dudng nhu khdng
dugc khuyen khich phat trien d UAE Tat ca
cac tap doan kinh doanh Idn, nhd deu thudc
quyen quan ly cua cac tieu vuong va ciia con
chau mang ddng ddi hoang than Chang han
tai Dubai, co che quan ly mang tinh tap trung
hoa rat cao Ca che nay dugc phan lam hai
cap do: cap do 1 la cac co quan chinh quyen
nhu Chinh quyen dd thi tu trj Dubai va
18-19 phdng ban khac nhu Phdng canh sat, Uy
ban dien va nude Ban dudng xa va giao
thdng Chirc nang ca ban cua chinh quyen
cap do 1 la lam viec theo ngay de van hanh
tat ca cac boat ddng cua Dubai Cap do 2 la
do Sheikh Mohammed dieu khien tai Van
phdng ngu d dinh thy rieng cua Sheikh Van
phdng nay la noi quan ly tat ea cae du an
phat trien, cac sang kien ca nhan, cac cdng ty
thugc quyen sd hChi cua nha nude, cae dy an
dau tu nude ngoai, cac khu kinh te tu do, cac
thanh phd \ e tinh nhu thanh phd cham sdc
sire khoe, thanh phd hau cin, thanh phd
internet Chang ban Sheikh Mohammed da
uy quyen cho con trai va hg hang than thich
ciia dng sd hiru du an Idn d Dubai nhu: Mohammed Abdallah Al Qarqawi la chii sd
hiiu dy an Dubai Holding; Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem chii sd huu Dubai World, Mohammed Bin Ali Al Abbar sd him Uy ban phdt trien kinh te cua Dubai Sy tap
trung cao do ciia ca che quan ly da dua
Dubai ndi rieng va UAE ndi chung trd thanh
md hinh kinh te mang tinh tap quyen cao
* Phdt trien kinh te thdng qua "con difdmg nhanh "
C) UAE, bat cii du an kinh doanh nao cung dugc cac Sheikh quyet dinh mdt each nhanh chdng va dugc dua vao thuc hien ngay lap tiic Neu nhu d nhieu nude khac, viec de trinh mdt dy an dau tu trong nude hay ngoai nude phai chd dgi trong vdng vai thang, thi d Dubai va Abu Dhabi viec nay dugc quyet djnh trong vdng 30 phiit Ca ehl quan ly tap quyen cao khien mgi ngudn lye kinh te va sy phan bd cac ngudn luc nay trong san xuit diu do cac Sheikh quan ly, vi
vay mgi quylt djnh phe duyet hay khdng phe
duyet dy an kinh doanh diu khdng phai qua cac CO quan chiic nang khac Cd thi ndi viec
ra quyet dinh nhanh trong cac dy an diu tu la yeu td quan trgng song cdn quylt dinh thanh cdng trong kinh doanh bdi nd cho phep cac cdng ty khai thac tdi da cac ca hgi ciia thi trudng trudc khi xuit hien cac doi thii canh tranh khac
Phat triin kinh tl thdng qua "con dudng nhanh" da dem lai thanh cdng cho nen kinh
Tgp chinghiin ciru CliAu Pill & TRUIVG BdNG so 02 (54) thang 02/2010
Trang 5Mo hinh kinh teCac Tieu vWdng quoc Tran Thj Lan Hu'dng
tl UAE Chi trong vdng 30 nam, UAE da cd
tit ca cac ca sd kinh tl va ca sd ha ting hien
dai vao bac nhit thi gidi UAE sin sang chi
tieu hang ty USD cho cac du an ca sd ha
ting, cac dy an bit ddng san, du ljch Abu
Dhabi va Dubai la nai chii ylu tap trung cac
dy an khdng Id nay CJ Dubai cd the ke den
cac dy an dien hinh da dugc xay dung nhu:
dy an xay dyng dudng cao tdc tren cao, dy
an xay dyng dao eg nhan tao Idn nhat tren
thi gidi, dy an xay dyng cang Jebel Ali Idn
nhit Trung Ddng, dy an md rgng san bay
quoc te Dubai, dy an xay dyng thap cao nhat
thi gidi, dy an xay dyng cac khach san 7 sao
sang trgng nhit Trung Ddng C) Abu Dhabi
cd thi kl din cae dy an dien hinh nhu dy an
xay dyng lang di san van hoa, dy an xay
dyng cae khu du ljch tren bien, cac khach
san 7 sao, dy an xay dyng dudng cao tdc, dy
an xay dyng cac cang biln, dy an xay dung
trung tam* cdng nghe vien thdng Etisalat Idn
thii 14 tren thi gidi, dy an xay dyng dudng
sit ndi tit ca cae thanh phd Idn cua UAE vdi
nhau va tilp noi vdi he thdng giao thdng
hien dai ciia cac nude thudc Hdi ddng hgp
tac viing Vjnh (GCC) Chi phi xay dyng
chg cac dy an tren la rit Idn, chii yeu lay tir
nguon xuit khiu diu md Ching ban dk xay
dyng he thdng dudng sit lien qudc gia dai
1100 km, Abu Dhabi phai tieu ton mit 30 ty
Dirham (khoang 8 ty USD) Nhd cd nhung
quylt djnh nhanh va diy tinh tao bao cua cac
Sheikh, Dubai da biln thanh trung tam du
Ijch, trung tam bat ddng san ndi tieng tren the gidi va san ba\ qudc te Dubai trd thanh san bay Idn thii 6 tren the gidi, la tram trung chuyen cua tren 100 hang hang khdng Idn tir khap cac chau lye Ciing vdi Dubai, Abu Dhabi trd thanh trung tam chinh trj, kinh te, van hoa va xa hdi Idn nhat dat nude, la trung tam tai chinh ngan hang hang dau khu \uc Trung Ddng
Ngoai cac co sd ha tang kinh te hien dai, phat trien kinh te theo con dudng nhanh da dua vimg dat sa mac ngheo nan ciia UAE trd thanh mdt nude cd thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi cao thii 14 tren the gidi va cao thir 3 d khu vyc Trung Ddng sau Qatar va Kuwait (theo sd lieu cua CIA World Factbook nam 2006) Cdn theo sd lieu cua IMF, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi ciia UAE nam 2006 dimg thir 17 tren the gidi Vao nam 2009 GDP binh quan dau ngudi cua UAE la 41.800 USD (theo sd lieu cua CIA Worid Factbook) GDP cua UAE dat 228,6 ty USD nam 2009 tinh theo ty gia chinh thiic va dat 200.4 ty USD tinh theo phuang phap ddng gia siic mua (PPP) NIU SO vdi GDP ciia UAE vao nam 1991 (khoang 36 ty USD) thi thiy sy Idn manh cua UAE trong hon 30 nam qua Toe do tang GDP cua UAE nhanh
ky luc, tir miic 0%/nam vao nam 1991 tang len dat tren 12%/nam vao nam 2001, nam
2007 dat 6%/nam, nam 2008 dat 7.2%/nam
va nam 2009 dat 2%/nam do tac ddng ciia cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau
Tgp chinghiin ciru CHAU P H I & TRli:\G Bdi^G so 02 (54) thang 02/2010
Trang 6Tran Thi Lan Hu'dng A/d hinh kinh teCac Tieu vWdng quoc
Hinh 1 T6C do tang trudng GDP thuc te cua UAE (1991-2010)
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Ngudn: Dubai Chamber Economist, UAE Economic Outlook 2009: a Challenging Year Ahead April 2009, Issue I
* Phdt trien kinh te thdng qua sir dung luc
lugng lao ddng linh hogt
Tai UAE, dac biet la d Dubai va Abu
Dhabi, lye lugng lao ddng dugc sir dyng het
sire linh boat Trong tdng sd 6 trieu dan dang
sinh sdng va lam viec d UAE hien nay, chi
cd dudi 20% dan sd mang qudc tjch UAE,
cdn lai la cac chuyen gia den tir khap noi
tren the gidi, dien hinh la tir cac nude nhu
An Do, Philippin, Bangladesh, Iran, Trung
Qudc Pakistan Ai Cap, Jordan, Yemen, Sri
Lanka, hoac mdt sd nude cdng nghiep phat
trien chau Au va chau My
Thu hiit lye lugng lao ddng nude ngoai
vao UAE khien dat nude nay de dang thyc
hien chinh sach phat trien kinh te theo "con
dudng nhanh" nhu phan tren da phan tich
bdi vdi dan sd mang qudc tjch UAE qua it, dat nude nay se khdng the thyc hien dugc cae dy an kinh te khdng Id neu thieu cac chuyen gia nude ngoai Cd tdi 88% dan so
va lye lugng lao ddng tap trung d Dubai va Abu Dhabi N I U nhu nam 1989, ty le bilt chir ciia ngudi dan UAE (kl ca lao ddng nhap cu) la 53,5%, thi nam 2003 con sd nay
da tang len dat 77,9% Vao nam 2007 chi sd HDI cua UAE dat 0,903, cao thir 35 tren thi gidi, cho thiy lye lugng lao ddng cua UAE
cd trinh do giao dye, ky nang, tay nghi dat loai rat cao d khu vyc Trung Ddng Ngoai he thdng giao due md rgng (bing ca tiing Arap
va tiing Anh), dit nude nay cdn cd he thdng cham sdc siic khoe rit hien dai Tong chi tieu cho he thdng cham sdc siic khoe trong giai doan 1996-2003 len tdi 436 ty USD,
Tap chinghiin curu CliAu Pill & TRUIMG B6IMG S6 02 (54) thing 02/2010
Trang 7Md hinh Idnh teCac Tieu vWdng quae Tran Thi Lan Hu'dng
chilm khoang 2,6% GDP va chi tieu sire
khoe diu ngudi cho ngudi dan UAE binh
quan la 673 USD/nam Nhd chii trgng phat
trien he thdng giao due va cham sdc sire
khoe, UAE la lye hiit hip dan ddi vdi ddi
ngu lao ddng va chuyen gia tren toan the
gidi, khien dat nude nay de dang "cat canh"
trong mdt thdi gian rat ngan
* Phdt trien kinh te bd qua giai doan cdng
nghiep hod, tien thdng len nen kinh te dich vu
So vdi cae md hinh kinh te khac, md hinh
kinh tl UAE khdng cd giai doan thyc hien
cdng nghiep hoa Thyc ra, tien trinh cdng
nghiep hoa ed manh nha phat trien d UAE ke
tir nam 1950 khi dit nude nay cdn la thudc
dja ciia Anh va trong giai doan nay dau lira
chua dugc phat hien d UAE Cd the ke din
viec thanh lap cac eg sd det may d Dubai
vao nam 1950, hoac mdt sd ca sd cdng
nghiep d Abu Dhabi trong giai doan
1959-1977 K I tir nam 1978 cho din nay cac co
sd cdng nghiep mdi hau nhu khdng dugc
thanh lap d UAE va gia trj san xuit cdng
nghiep giam rat manh ke tir thdi ky dd Cho
din nay d UAE hau nhu khdng cd cac ca sd
san xuit cdng nghiep nao dang ke, chi cdn
lai hai nganh cdng nghiep la dien va nude, vi
vay cd thi ndi qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa d
UAE da thyc sy di vao ngd cyt trudc khi cd
nhung ddng gdp co ban cho nen kinh te
La mdt dit nude khdng cd dat dai de canh
tac ndng nghiep, khdng ed nIn tang cdng
nghiep hoa, UAE da tiln thang len nIn kinh
te djch vu nhd thu nhap tir diu md Nhirng nganh dich vu ca ban cua UAE la djch \u thuang mai nha hang \a khach san djch vu van tai, kho bai va vien thdng, djch vu kinh doanh va bat ddng san, djch vu xa hdi \ a tu nhan, djch vu xay dung, djch \u tai chinh ngan hang, djch vu du ljch djch vu chinh phu, djch vu cham sdc hd gia dinh Trong ca cau GDP nam 1975, nganh djch vu chiem 29,7%, chi dimg sau nganh khai thac dau thd (chiem 67,7% GDP), trong khi cdng nghiep chiem 0,9%, ndng nghiep chiem 0,7% Vao nam 1998, ca cau kinh te cd sy thay ddi nhu sau: khai thac dau thd giam cdn 22,4% GDP, ndng nghiep tang len chiem 1,1% GDP, cdng nghiep chiem 12,4% GDP va djch vu chiem 64,1% GDP Trong co ciu kinh tl nam 2009, djch vy chiem tdi 50.2% GDP, cdng nghiep chiem 48,6% GDP va ndng nghiep chiem 1,1% GDP Do dy doan dugc su can kiet tai nguyen trong khoang 100 nam tdi, UAE da
cd gang da dang hoa ca cau kinh te de it phu thudc vao nganh dau khi ban, nhung djch vu vin la nganh kinh te quan trgng nhat ciia UAE hien nay Trong ca cau ciia nganh cdng nghiep hien tai, cdng nghiep hoa dau \ a hoa chat chiem ty le chii dao, ngoai ra cdn cd mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep nhu che bien ca, cdng nghiep nhdm, xi mang, che bien phan bdn, sira chira tau thuyen, san xuat vat lieu xay dyng, chi tao mdt sd loai tau thuyen Trong tdng so lye lugng lao ddng nam 2000
cd tdi 78% lam viec trong nganh djch \u 15% lam viec trong nganh cdng nghiep \a 7% lam viec trong nganh ndng nghiep
Tgp chinghiin cuu CIlAu PIII & TRillVG Bd:\G so 02 (54) thang 02/2010 f29
Trang 8Tran Thj Lan Hu'dng Mo hinh kinh teCac Tieu vudng quoc
* Hdi nhap nhanh vao nen kinh te todn cdu
Ke tir khi thdng nhit dat nude, UAE tieh
eye hgi nhap vao nen kinh te toan cau Vao
nam 1971, UAE gia nhap Lien doan cac
nude Arap Vao nam 1981, UAE trd thanh
thanh vien chinh thiic cua Hdi ddng hgp tac
viing Vjnh (GCC) Ngoai ra, UAE cdn la
thanh vien ciia nhieu td chirc qudc te khac
nhu Lien hgp qudc (UN), Td churc thuang
mai the gidi (WTO), Ngan hang thi gidi
(WB), Quy tien te qudc te (IMF), Td chirc
hdi nghj Hdi giao (OIC), Td ehiic cac nude
xuat khau dau md (OPEC), Td ehiie cac
nude Arap xuat khau dau md (OAPEC), va
Phong trao khdng lien ket (NAM) UAE
ciing md rgng quan he kinh te ddi ngoai vdi
tren 60 nude tren the gidi, bao gdm My,
Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc Nga va hau het cac
nude phuang Tay Vao thang 4 nam 2004,
UAE da ky Hiep djnh khung ve thuang mai
va dau tu vdi My va thang 11 nam 2004
UAE ky ket FTA vdi My De thu hiit dau tu
tryc tiep nude ngoai, UAE da khuyen khich
hinh thirc dau tu 100% vdn FDI trong cac
khu thuong mai ty do dugc thanh lap khap
Dubai va Abu Dhabi Trong quan he thuang
mai, UAE ludn d trong tinh trang xuat sieu
vdi cac nude (chu yeu la xuat khau dau md)
Chang ban vao thang 12 nam 2008, xuit
khiu ciia UAE sang My dat 509.258 Dirham,
trong khi nhap khau tir My chi la 27.640
Dirham: xuat khau eiia UAE sang 27 nude
EU thang 12 nam 2008 dat 621.590 Dirham,
trong khi nhap khiu tii khu vyc nay chi la 86.211 Dirham
3 Mot vai ket luan
Nghien ciiu md hinh kinh te UAE cd thi thiy dit nude nay khdng cd nhung lgi the so sanh khac nhu cac nude cdng nghiep phat trien va cae nen kinh te mdi ndi timg cd Lgi thi so sanh duy nhat eiia UAE trong thdi ky diu phat trien dat nude la dau md Tir ngudn ddla diu md, UAE da ty lye tao ra nhung lgi the khac trong kinh doanh djch vy tai chinh ngan hang, thu hiit khach du ljch den nhiing bai bien tuyet dep, nhirng khach san sang trgng, nhung toa nha chgc trdi ddc nhat vd nhj tren the gidi va nhiing sa mac cat day hap dan Cae san bay ndi tieng cua UAE tai Dubai va Abu Dhabi la diem trung chuyen ciia tren 100 hang hang khdng tren thi gidi, dem lai cho UAE ngudn ngoai te rit Idn Trong nhiing nam gin day, ca ciu kinh tl cua UAE da dugc da dang hoa theo hudng giam dan phy thugc vao xuit khiu diu md, day manh phat trien nhanh cac nganh cdng nghiep hoa dau, hoa chit va nganh dich vy Nhieu ngudi cho ring md hinh UAE cd nhung net tuong ddng vdi md hinh Singapore NIU khdng di sau vao nghien ciiu
md hinh UAE, chiing ta cd thi cho ring UAE se quay trd lai thdi ky "sa mac hoa" lin thiir hai neu nhu diu md dugc khai thac can kiet vao nam 2122 Tuy nhien, vdi nhiing lgi the ty tao ra trong hon 3 thap ky phat triin,
md hinh UAE bude diu tao ra mgt sd nang
Tgp chinghiin ciru CllAu PIII & TRUMG BdlMG s6 02 (54) thang 02/2010
Trang 9Md hinh lanh teCac Tieu vudng quoc Tran Thj Lan Hu'dng
lye phat trien Trong kl hoach phat trien danh la "ndi tren gilng diu thi gidi" UAE cua tieu qudc Abu Dhabi din nam 2030, da dat dugc mdt sd kit qua da dang boa cac chinh quyen xac djnh nhiing nganh kinh te nganh kinh te, nhit la djch vu Nhung tir phi dau md se la nhung nganh chu chdt cua cudc khung hoang tai chinh thi gidi 2008 nen kinh te vao nam 2030 Ban ke hoach den nay, md hinh nay bde Id nhilu Id hdng nay day 142 trang, quy hoach chi tiet nhirng Idn, nhat la ng cdng, trong dd \u vd ng 59 nganh nghe can phat trien trong tuong lai va ty USD nam 2009 ciia tap doan Dubai giai phap thyc hien quy hoach dd Nhu vay World da canh bao nhiing dau hieu thilu
cd the thay tir mdt dat nude dugc menh ben vung cua md hinh nay
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Martin Hvidt, The Dubai Model: an Outline of Key Components of the Development
Process in Dubai, Working Paper No 12, 10/2007
2 United Arap Emirates Yearbook 2007, Economic Development,
vyvyw.uaeinteract.com/economicdevelopment
3 Abu Dhabi Goverment Publishes its 2030 Economic Development Plan, AMEinfo.com,
1/3/2010
4 United Arab Emirates Economy 20W 2010 CIA World Factbook, 26/1/2010
5 Dubai Chamber Economist, UAE Economic Outlook 2009: a Challenging Year Ahead,
4/2009, Issue I
6 United Arab Emirates, en.Wikipedia.org
7 IMF, World Economic Outlook 10/2009
Tgp chinghiin cuu CHAL PHI & mirsG Bd:\G so 02 (54) thang 02/2010