Thomson Heinle Publishing Taboos And Issues - Past 5

Discussion work in pairs' List at least 5 different things that people can become addicted to.. Do you drink with other people or on your own4. Reading work in pairs' studentA read extra

Discussion

work in pairs' List at least 5 different things that people can become addicted to choose one from your

l i s t and discuss the possible results of this addiction

w o r k in pairs Ask each other questions from one of the questionnaires:

D R I N K A N D Y O U

1 D o y o u d r i n k alcohol e v e r y d a y ?

2 How much do you drink a week?

3 Do you ever get drunk? How often?

4 Do you need a drink to relax?

5 Do you drink with other people or on your own?

6 Do you regularly get a craving for a drink? (= a very strong desire)

7 D o y o u th i n k it,s a habit or an addiction?

SMOKING AND YOU

1 Do you smoke? Cigarettes? Cigars? A pipe?

2 How many do you smoke a day?

3 Do you smoke to relax?

4.Do you feer nervous if you haven,t had a smoke for a rong time?

5 Do you get strong cravings?

6 Do you wish you could stop smoking?

7 C o u l d y o u g i v e it up easily?

Does your partner have a problem?

Reading

work in pairs' studentA read extract 1, student B read extract 2 Then report the contents to each other.

J a

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1

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Extract I

Slowly, the drink began to take over and

t h i n g s g o t worse His behaviour was

becoming unpredictable He tells of one

incident in a club on a Sunday afternoon

when a fight broke out and he and some

friends were involved Minutes later he was

outside being questioned by police and then

spent several hours at the police station He

was released without charge but, in spite of

that shock, rhe next day he was banging on

the door of his local pub five minutes before

opening time, craving his first drink of the

day Then it dawned on him What kind of

person stands outside a pub every day

desperate fbr a drink,/ Only someone with a

drink problem He was a well_known

sportsman perhaps, but secretly he was a

l o n e l y d e s p e r a t e a l c o h o l i c

Addictions

Extract 2 One day, he arrived for training in a bad state It was to be the big turning point.

The first person he saw was Steve Jacobs.

"I've got a drink problem ancl I need

to go to a meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous," he blurted out At lastl He'd said it! Tony Adams, respected

c a p t a i n o f A r s e n a l a n d a n E n e l a n d

i n t e r n a t i o n a l w i n n e r o f s i x m a i o ,

t r o p h i e s i n E n g l i s h fo o t b a l l , w a , a s k i n c

f o r h e l p f o r rhe firsr rime in his lil'e He finally admitted that he had a problem that was too powerful to face on his own.

Almost immediately, a ray of hope came

to him Despite the mess he was in if he could devote the same enthusiasm and energy to keeping offalcohol as he had to playing football, then he had a chance.

4 0

Taboos and /ssues

E

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E

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D i s c u s s i o n

Now read the texts again and choose the best answers below:

1 l n t h e c l u b o n e S u n d a y a f t e r n o o n

a t h c l v r i t c r ' s ir i e n d s s t a r t c d a f i g h t '

b t h e w r i t e r s t a r t e c l a f i g h t

c i t i s n o t c l e a r r v h o s t i r r t e d t h e f i g h t

2 T h e w r i t e r

r r k n c w h c c o r - r l d s t o p d r i n k i n g b y h i m s e l f

b e s k c d s o m e o n c t o h c l p h i m s t o p d r i n k i n g

c m e t s o n r e o n e f r o m A l c o h c l l i c s A n o n y m o u s

W h y d o y o u t h i n k t h a t s u c h a s u c c e s s f u l s p o r t s

U s e t h e s e w o r d s t o c o m p l e t e th e s e n t e n c e s :

ttdLlictit,e alcobrtlic ttddict ttlcohol dtldictat! tlcrtbolism tttldictirtrt

1 A s L r r p r i s i t r g n u m b c r o f p e o p l c a r e

g r u n b l i n g

2 H c c h e c k e c l i n t o r r c l i t r i c to t r y t o g e t o v e r h i s

c l r r r g

i l ' v c n e v e r m e t a n y o n e w h o i s a c t u a l l y a d r u g

p e r s o n became an alcoholic?

Use the correct form of these expressions to

c o m p l e t e th e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w :

seek ltrofessional h elP get with drawal sYmPtoms kick the habit

haue a drink Droblem

t o

t u k e d n o r r r d o *

1 I t h i n k m y b o s s

Y o u c a n s m e l l a l c o h o l o n h i s b r c a t h f i r s t

t h i n g i n t h e m o r n i n g

2 S h e d i e d a f t e r a c c i d e n t a l l Y

o f s l e e p i n g p i l l s

3 A l o t o f p e o p l e w a n t t o g i v e u p s m o k i n g , b u t it's very difficult to '

4 W h e n h e w a s n ' t a b l e t o g e t h o l d o f a n y d r u g s for a few davs he started to '

b e c o m e a d d i c t s ?

p r o b l e m , b u t w a s

4 U o t h h e r o i t - t a n c l c r a c k c o c a i n e a r e e r t r e m e l y

s u b s t i r n c e s 5 S h c r e r l i s e c l h e w : r s a n w h e n h e

s t r r r t c d c l r i n k i n g a t b r e a k f a s t t i m e

( r The problem got so bad he started hiding

i r r o l t n c l t h e h o u s e

7 O v e r c o t n i n g i s a d a i l y p r o c e s s [ t

r r e r l n s s a v i t r s ' n ( t ' to d r i n k e v e r y d a y f o r t h e

r e s t o f v o t t r l i f e

.5.W h e n h e r e a l i s e d h e

h e d e c i d e d t o

w a s a d d i c t e d to a l c o h o l

D i s c u s s i o n

D i s c u s s th e s e q u e s t i o n s in Pairs:

l W h a t i s t h e d i f f e r c n c e b e t w e e n a h a b i t a n d a n a d d i c t i o n ?

2 t - o o k i r g r r i n i r r t h e l i s t y o u m a d e e a r l i e r A r e s o m e ty p e s o f a d d i c t i o n m o r e s o c i a l l y a c c e p t a b l c t h a n

o t h c r s ? If s o , w h i c h t y p e s a n d w h y d o y o u t h i n k t h i s i s s o ?

- 1 A r c t h e f o l l o w i n g a d d i c t i o n s r e a l l y p o s s i b l e ? A r e t h e y d a n g e r o u s i n a n y w a y ?

4 D o ,vou iecl that there are certain

.5 What woulcl vou clo if you for-rnd

c k r i n g r - r o t h i n g r r b o t r t i t ?

Iaboos and /ssues

types of

o u t t h a t

p e r s o n a l i t y w h o

a c o l l e a g u e h a d

a r e m o r e l i k e l y t o

a s e r i o u s a d d i c t i o n

M1, son's nldictetl

to footboll! lt's like a drug to hint

I ' m a s h o p a h o l i c !

I cdn't resist buying cktthes

I'm d chocaholic!

I can't liue a day withctut it

Addictions 40

Unit by unit notes

1 Death

B c aware that a discussion o f death at any rlme

r s capable of triggering powerful emorions

R e a d i n g

Put the s.tudents in pairs Each member of the

pair reac'ls a different text, then reports the

contents of the texrs to each other They then

w r k rhrorrg,h t h e questions r u g " r h " r '

A n s w e r s : 1 p r o b a b l y b 2 b

S t L r d e n t s c o u l d look at the discussion q u e s t i o n s

in prilirs ancj rhen report back to ttr .t]rr

L a n g u a g e

l d y i n g 2 m u r d e r 3 dying

t kill 6 murder 7 death S

1 0 d e a t h

The three idiomatic expressions all mean: He,s

d e a d ' Discuss a n y similar "pr.rri.r* ir_, t t ,

s t u c l e n f s ' o w n Ianguage(s)

Thc carroon introduces the related and

c J r r n g e r o u s a r e a of suicide

S e e : r l s o Units 28 39

2 Nudity

D i s c u s s i o n

Ask students if they have ever experienced

a n y t h i n g l i k e t h e s i r u a r i o n s i n 1 _ 6

R e a d i n g

l b 2 a 3 I r i s p o s s i b l e

D i s c u s s i o n

, ' t l t f c c l c v e r y b c r c h s h o u l d b e a naturisr

D e n c h z I hc.y will defend them in court if

t h e y have behaved r e a s o n a b l y 3 A ;u;.

c r o s s - C h a n n e l r e l a y swim 4 Discounts on

f e r r y services, c a r r e n t a l and breakdown

i r r s u r a n c e , i r n d nudist Caribbean ruir.r

L a n g u a g e

I p o s s i b l y 2 b a s i c a l l y 3 ideally

4 realistically 5 surprisingly 6 obviously

7 _ S u r p r i s i n g l y 8 B a s i c a l l y "

9

Ideally 1 0 r e a l i s t i c a l l y 1 : | O b v i o u s l y 1 2 p o s s i b l v

Y o u could put the students in pairs and grve

j o k e s 1-5 ro one srudenr and e_t0 to the other

\X/hen they have completed rhem, ger srudenrs ro tell the jokes to each other

R e a d i n g

P r e - t e a c h a n y vocabulary students r n i g h t need. Ncrte: a pit-bull terrier is a parricularly fierce breed of dog.'Woof is the word * u* ,,,

d e s c r i b e a d o g ' s bark - it is also the sound of something bursting into flames

Follow-up There are lots of websites dedicated to jokes of

t h i s kind You could ask students ro search for more jokes on specific subjects on the web

Different cultures see different subjects as taboo

Y o u can exploit this with a multi_lingual class

R e a d i n g Get students to read the conversations

o u t the people and situations on their then compare their answers ln palrs

D i s c u s s i o n

I n Britain it is not ,the done thins, how much they earn r, h.r* -uJh Possible replies to the questions in

2 and 3 are:, Conversation 2: Nor ds much as I,d lika;

Solicitors aren't as uell paicl as you think, you know; Oh! I get by; I don't thiik that,s any of your business

Conversation 3: That's a rather Dersonal question; More than I should: li na1, look a lct b.ut it's all muscle, you know; I donlt knctut _ I daren't get on the scales these tlays

The cartoon

4 killing murder 9 death

a n d work

o w n and

t o ask people they weigh conversations

l s not a sertous

t h e units most

c l i m b 5 throws

c a l l 1 0 s a y

This gives you the

r e l i g i o n is a taboo

L a n g u a g e

opportunity to ask studer-rts if

t o p i c among their friends

1 Q 2 R 3 Q 4 R 5R 6Q 7R 8Q eR You could now return to conversations 2 and 3

a n d ask students t o r e a d t h e m in pairs, inserting some of the expressions from this exercrse.

Your best friend

To finish off, put srudents in pairs and ask them

to choose one of the statements and write a

s h o r t dialogue around it They can then read their dialogues ro the class

B e rvarned rhat although this

i ; s 1 e ' , i t is potentially one of

l i k c l y to offend

L a n g u a g e

l r n a k e 2 d r o w n 3 put 4

6 r e r r a i n 7 have g take 9

Unit by unit notes

Taboos and /ssues

tr

F

18

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f,

fl

f,

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3

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5 l t s h o u l d b e b a n n e d !

T h i s u n i t c o v e r s a l v i d c v a r i e t y o f t o p i c s If ,

c l u r i n g th c l e s s o t r , d i s c t - t s s i o n f < l c u s e s o n o n e

pirrticlrlrrr topric, vou IrIeY wish to erplore that

f u r t h e r r r r t h c r th a n f i n i s h t h c o t h c r a c t i v i t i e s

S o n r e t o p i c s n r c n t i t l n c d i n t h i s u n i t a r e w h o l e

t u r r i t s - irbortion, clrugs, n u d i t l ' , r a c i s m , g u n

1-losscssiot.t rrncl rrnit.tt:rl rights, for exanrplc.

R e a d i n g

h r t h c f i r s t t e r t r t ' l o o k t l - r e o t h e r w a y ' p r l l i c v i s

r v h e n th e p o l i c e ig n o r e p e o p l e b r e a k i n g th e l a w

I n t h c t h i r c l tc r t t h e c u s t o m e r ' s iustification for

s r r r o k i n g w r l s : i' t lt a r i s : t p l a c e fo r v i c e s (b a d

h e b i t s ) , ru t d l- r e c i ' t t r ' t d r i n k w i t h o u t s m o k i n g

L a n g u a g e

I I ' r r i g o i n g o n ? p r o t e s t a g i r i n s t 3 s i g n

4 c r r t n p r t i g n s - 5 lo b b r ' 6 r - r r g e 7 b o y c o t t

8 c r r r r v o t t t 9 b a n

N e w s p a p e r l a n g u a g e

l c 2 h - i c l 4 a 5 f 6 b 7 c 8 g

D i s c u s s i o n

N o t i c e t h e r c r r r e tw o l i g h t - h e a r t e d s u g g e s t i c l n s

-btllrornn tlancing ancl sr,rap operds Ask students

i f t h c - r c r l r c il n y o t h e r l e s s s e r i o u s t h i n g s th e y

u ' o u l d l i k e t o b i r n

A s k s t u c l e n t s t o j u s t i f - v w h v c c r t r r i n t h i n g s s h o u l d

b e b a n n e c l T h i s c o u l c l b e a u s e f r - r l s o u r c e o f

lcris: it tltntttges y'our healtlt; it degrades women'

it's ,t lt,trbttric sport, it's moralllt wrong

etc-6 Not my type

T ' [ r i s u n i t l o o k s a t p h , v s i c a l a t t r a c t i o n - b u t a t

h a b i t s a r n c l c h i r r a c t e r i s t i c s w h i c h r e p e l r a t h e r

tlrrrn rrttrrrct You migl-rt want to check the list

o n t h c s e c o n c l p a g e ft t r a r t y t h i n g p o t e n t i a l l y

e r t t l r l t ' r l l s s i t t g o r < l f f e r t s i v e

R e a d i n g

F - a c h n r e r l b e r o f a p a i r r c a d s a d i f f e r e n t le t t e r

T h e v t h e r r rc p o r t t h e l e t t e r s t o e a c h o t h e r b e f o r e

w o r k i n g t h r o t r g h th e d i s c u s s i o n q u e s t i o n s

D i s c u s s i o n

l l fcat likc being sick; this rnust be sttme kind

of'ltcrnttnent conditictn; I can't go on bolding

nry brcttth: I t*tn't et'en look in her direction

tt'ben sbc tttlks to me ; This is not your duerdge

ntrtrrring-breath kintl of smell - this is more like

sornctbing brts tlied inside her

The cartoon

W h i c h r r c l j e c t i v e b e s t c l e s c r i b e s t h e c a r t o o n :

iurtrtt,, oiicnsit,c, childish, racist, mdle

c b , t t t t , i r t i s t , s t tt P i di

Iaboos and /ssues

F o l l o w - u p Ask students to write a letter based on those

t h e y r e a d e a r l i e r , e i t h e r fr < l m th e i r e x p c r i e n c e o f

a p a r t n e r , o r c h o o s i n g o n e o r t w o p r o b l e m s

f r o m t h e l i s t i n t h e f i n a l d i s c u s s i o t - t

A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e y c a n w r i t e a l e t t e r g i v i n g

a d v i c e to e i t h e r T h o m a s o r E m i l Y See also Unit 24

7 Sex for sale

D i s c u s s i o n

l c 2 c 3 d 4 b 5 f 6 a Note that the term escort is often used as a

e u p h e m i s m f < t r Prttst i t t t l t'

S h o u l d w e l e g a l i s e b r o t h e l s ?

S t u d e n t s c o u l d w o r k i n p a i r s a n d r e a d o n e t e r t each, then report to each othcr

B o t h s t a t e m e n t s a r e f a l s e Ask students who they most agree with - Helerr

M a d d o c k s o r Janet Boyce I f t h e r e is a r o u g h l y

e v e n s p l i t , y o u c o u l d p l a c e s t u d e n t s w i t h

o p p o s i n g v i e w s in s m a l l g r o u p s a n d , a f t c r a f e w

m i n u t e s ' s i l e n t p r e p a r a t i o n , g i v e t h e m f i v e

m i n u t e s to t r y t o p e r s u a d e o t h e r s o f t h e i r ar€lument

L a n g u a g e 1

do dcres not collocate with the issue

L a n g u a g e 2

1 a , f , h , k 2 b , c , i , I 3 d , e ' g , i

D i s c u s s i o n

I f y o u r s t u d e n t s e n j o y r o l e p l a y d i s c u s s i o n s , p u t

t h e m i n p a i r s , a s k t h e m t o c h t l o s e o n c o f t h e

s p e e c h b u b b l e s a n d p r e p a r e a n d p r a c t i s e a

c o n v e r s a t i o n a r o u n d t h e s t a t e m e n t T h e y c o u l d ' p e r f o r n t ' their conversations f o r t h e c l a s s

F o l l o w - u p

S t u d e n t s c o u l d w r i t e t h e i r o w n v i e w s o n

p r o s t i t u t i o n b a s e d o n t h e i r d i s c u s s i o n s

I Swearing

P l e a s e n o t e t h i s u n i t n o t o n l y d i s c u s s e s

s w e a r i n g , i t a l s o c o n t a i n s a c t u a l s w e a r w o r d s '

R e a d i n g

S t u d e n t s c o u l d w o r k i n p a i r s a r - r d r e a d o n e t e x t

e a c h , th e n r e p o r t t o e a c h o t h e r b e f o r e w o r k i n g through the questions together

A n s w e r s : 2 a n d 3 a r e t r u e 4 I t ' s a p o s s i b i l i t y

L a n g u a g e

Y o u s h o u l d c r o s s o u t t h e f o l l o w i n g : 1 r u d e

2 o b s c e n e 3 e o o d 4 t e r r i b l e

Unit by unit notes

D i s c u s s i o n

It is very diificulr for students to appreciate the exirct force of sll

p o l l r f oLlt that if they decide , , ur.-r*"nr words,

r h e y ru,r a high risk of _ ; ; ; r i , ,

* r n n * rrncl sounding either very silly or ve_ry offensive.

Avoiding swear words

I i , = f u c k 2 F l i p p i n g = f u c k i n e

r t ' r t e c r l r r r g , - hlood) 4 suglr = s h i t

- i P = piss 6 B = batstard

9 Torture

D i s c u s s i o n

A c c o r c l i n g t o Amnesry Inter:national: 1 At least

124 countries ) Ar t"rrt +e rffi;.;

( N r " r r n b e r s , r e

n o r decreasing.;;;;

s e c u r i r y

,1,i."'anc1 potrce <f 132;;;il;;;e involved

n r tortunnll or ill_treating t h e i r irir"rrr.t

R e a d i n g The counrries irre: Chile, the USA and France.

l So that she wor-rtd si"; ;h;",-'l-Jo} i pri.r, who had askeci her forn"lp 2 i;fl*'p,rti."

.fficers were punisrr"a

in ,iiuj.;';j ,;" number

o f conrplaints 3 In

s u p p l i e d rh; :ir;."rormatron a b o r - r t w h o

D i s c u s s i o n

Ciive stirdents a few minutes

t h e s e c l u e s t i o n s

a l o n e before

L a n g u a g e 1

2 Usually a woma.n is fired, then she goes rc)

c o u r r 3 Many judges blame ,lr.l-r".y , f r

w o m a n dresses

L a n g u a g e

l i n 2 f o r , of 3 at 4 wirh 5 up 6 a b o u r

7 between Ask students if rhey agree with scnrcnce 4.

Foltowing senrence z,""J rr;;;;;;'!,u run.,"

examples of what i

Discussion Students can discuss the situations in pairs

or small groups before o f""db"lk ,.rr",i'rv,rf-t ,fr.

whole ctass Ask srudents ri,;;;il;

srruarions :.Tild rhem of a personal .rp.r,.r,." '

Ask the class if they find ,h; :".,;'uff"r.,riu

Follow-up Ask students to find a case of fernale_ro_male harassment on fhe web before fhe next lesson.

11 Bribery and corruption

Language

1 c 2 f 39 4h 5b 5a 7d ge

I : fl|{t^ r,hospiratity lpurrir.,ty a bribe)

J a b r t h e 4 a rewa

7 infruence g n fru:rXrJ' a tip 6' a perk

A s k s r u d e n r s

i f r h e y h r v c ever heen givcn a rip

a reward or a bri

dc, they get in ,n"?,iljfjl'v wc,rk *l,at pe,ki

Reading Students could work in groups of three Each member of the sro.up reads a different article.

Il.: :n"r,.po.i rrr" ", * i, I i'ii"' "',,, r ",,,

r h e group

T h e article about the bus dr:iver d o e s nor r.nvolve corruption

D i s c u s s i o n

l b 2 b 3 a

F o r s t u d e n r s w h o a

T::.,.""Tpres or ;:#ffiT1;H'r11,1* n"

tnar they have read or heard ,1,";;;; ,h n._r.

L a n g u a g e

1 reward 2 favour 3 influence 4 p e r k s

5 rip 5 hospitalitv 7 bribes g o i i ' ' '

D i s c u s s i o n Make sure students are aware suggest alternative responses in

t o think abour

t h e y discuss r h e m

l rrs a result of 2 f<.tr the rest of 3 rn an

inrerview with 4 lr.r "n ffort ,"' , l, the hands

liirl;l,, rhe absence r>f 7 in"i;",.; 8 by rhe

L a n g u a g e 2

l by the encl of 2.,ar the hands o f 3 rn view

< t f 4 f<>r

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Extra activity

A s k students

i f they have ever seen or cxpe.'enced heavy_handed

police acii,"rr t, ,h

u s e t rear gas, rubber bullers " ; J ; ; ;

cr.lnnons acceptilble

for crowd o.,r.o'il

S e e a l s o U n i t 3 9

Look for cllrrcnt cases fo acld to this unit.

R e a d i n g

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S e e a l s o Unit 20

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1 2 D e s i g n e r b a b i e s

Clivcn tl-re speec'l irt rvhich genetic science ts

c i e v e l o p i n g , t h i s s r - r b ; e c t l o o k s s e t to b e a t t h e

forcfront of ethical clcbirte for somc years to

c o n r e S t u d c r r t s m a y h a v e s t r o n g v i e w s o n t h e

cxtent to r,vhich wc should interfcre with naturc

r r n c l t h e p o s s i b l e e f f e c t s o f s u c h in t e r f e r e n c e ,

w l - r e t h c r b c n e f i c i i r l o r o t h e r w i s e

R e a d i n g

T h e -|ones w a n t e - r b a b v g i r l b e c a u s e t h e i r o n l y

claughter diecl ancl the,v feel that their family

l a c k s ' i r f c m r r l e c l i m e n s i o n '

I T 2 F 3 T

D i s c u s s i o n

( , i v e str-rclents t w o o r t h r e e m i n u t e s to t h i n k

a b o l r t th i s a l o n e b e i o r e p r - r t t i n g t h e m i n s m a l l

l i r o l l p s t o s h a r c th e i r v i e w s Y o u c o u l d t h e n t a k e

rr clrrss vote irncl hold a class debate

L a n g u a g e

Yrrr.r shcrulcl cross olrt: build and straight

D i s c u s s i o n

You coulcl ask str-rdents to give more examples

o f h o w p e o p l e m i g h t u s e g e n e t i c e n g i n e e r i n g t o

' c r c r l t e ' p e o p l e in t h c f u t u r e

N o t c t h c q u o t e a t t h e b o t t o m o f t h e p a g e A s k

s t u c l e n t s t o c r p l a i n w h a t t h e p r o f e s s o r m e a n s

a n d a s k w h c t h e r t h e y a g r e e w i t h h i s p r e d i c t i o n

C i r s e s o f c h i l c l r c n c o m m i t t i n g b r u t a l a n d h o r r i f i c

n r u r c l e r s i n b o t h t h e U K a n d t h e U S p r o m p t e d

t h i s u n i t , w h i c h r r r i s e s t h e q u e s t i o n s o f w h y

t h c s c th i n g s h a p p e n a n c i w l - r a t s h o u l d b e d o n e

i r b o u t t h c p e r p e t r a t o r s

D i s c u s s i o n

You could rrlso discr-rss the age at which people

c i l u v o t e , jo i n t h e a r m y , h a v e s e x le g a l l y , s m o k e ,

b u v a l c o h o l , g e t m a r r i e d a n c l g e t a d r i v i n g

l i c e n c c

R e a d i n g

A n s w e r s : T h e l a t e s t tr e n d i s t o t r e a t c h i l d k i l l e r s

as thouglr the,v lvcrc adr"rlts: "if you are old

e n o u g h to k i l l , y o u a r e o l d e n o u g h to f a c e a d u l t

p e n a l t i e s "

True or false?

l F - h c n r a v g e t p i r r o l c 2 T 3 T 4 T

L a n g u a g e

I b 2cl la 4e -5c

6 e v i d e n c c ( t h e others are people) 7 fine (a

p l r n i s h m e n t , n o t i - l c r i m e ) 8 a d u l t ( t h e o t h e r s

r r r e ir l l v o u f r g p e o p l e ) 9 w i t n e s s (t h e o t h e r s a l l

Taboos and /ssues

h a v e n e g a t i v e c o n n o t a t i o n s ) 1 0 s e t l t e n c e ( t h e others are all to do with beine freecl)

F o l l o w - u p

S t u d e n t s c h o o s e o n e o f t h c f o u r f i n a l d i s c u s s i o r l

q u e s t i o n s a n c ' l w r i t c t h e i r r e s p o n s e

S e e a l s o U n i t s 1 7 , 3 8 , 3 9

14 Gays and jobs

O v e r t h e p a s t 2 0 o r 3 0 y e a r s a t t i t u d e s (a n d

l a w s ) in m a n y c o u n t r i e s t o w a r d s g a y s h a v c

b e c o m e c o n s i d e r a b l y m o r e l i b e r a l H o w e v e q t t t

s o m e a r e a s o f l i f e , t h e r e is s t i l l c o n s i d e r a b l e

p r e j u d i c e I n s o m e c o u n t r i e s h o m o s e x u a l i t y

r e m a i n s a t a b o o s u b i e c t a n d h o m o s e x u a l a c t s

m a y e v e n b e i l l e g a l P e o p l e o f t c n h a v c s t r o n g

f e e l i n g s a b o u t g a y i s s u e s

R e a d i n g

1 T h e s e c o n d a r t i c l e T h e p r o b l e m i s t h a t t h c mayor wants her lesbian partner to be the

m a y o r e s s 2 T h e f i r s t a r t i c l e T h e p e r s o n is leaving the navy because he feels that the ( i o v e r n m e n t should not allow gays to join the armed forces

True or false?

7 T 2 F 3 F 4 T

L a n g u a g e

1 g o o d m i l i t a r y r e a s o n s , p o l i t i c a l a n d l e g a l

r e a s o n s , f o r s i m i l a r r e a s o n s , f o r n o g o o d

m i l i t a r y r e a s o n , s h e s e e s n o r e a s o n t o ,

2 d i s w r o n g ' l s e e n o r e a s o l t t o c h a n g e tn y

m i n d ' i s c o r r e c t E n g l i s h

3 1 o n e g o o d r e a s o n 2 t h e r e a l r e a s o n

3 n o r e a s o n 4 s o m e r e a s o n

4 powerful does not fit

The cartoon

Y o u m a y h a v e to e x p l a i n w h a t a fete is and a 'guess

the weigbt of the caAe ' competitior-r

1 5 A n i m a l ri g h t s

T h e s u b j e c t o f a n i m a l r i g h t s c a n p r o v o k c s t r o n g

f e e l i n g s , a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e a c t i v i t i c s o f t h e

A n i m a l L i b e r a t i o n F r o n t i n t h e U K , a n

o r g a n i s a t i o n w h i c h t a k e s fo r c e f u l , d i r e c t a c t i o t r

a g a i r - r s t o r g a n i s a t i o n s a n d i n d i v i d u a l s ir - r v o l v e d

i n u s i n g a n i m a l s in s c i e n t i f i c c x p e r i m c n t s

D i s c u s s i o n

P o s s i b l e u s e s : W e k e e p th e m a s p e t s , u s e th e i r

s k i n a n d f u r f o r c l o t h e s , t e s t m e d i c i t r e s a n c l cosmctics on them, farm thern for meat or <tther

p r o d u c t s , k e e p th e m i n z o o s , tr a i n t h e m t t r

p e r f o r m i n c i r c u s e s , u s e th e m f o r t r a n s p o r t , u s e

t h e m t o p u l l a n d c a r r y t h i n g s , ra c e th e m , u s e

t h e m f o r t r a n s p l a n t s , s e n d th e m i n t o s p a c e

Unit by unit notes

R e a d i n g ( c l o c k w i s e

f r o n r top left, ending in the rniddle) _

a l l c \ t s p a p e r a r t i c l e ; an aclvertisenrent f o r a : : 1 : : : - , ( l f a , r c w s p a p e r o r on a biltboard); an

e c t v c r t l s c l n c n t f i l r

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c o u k l rrlso use the r

16 Marriage

A l r n o s t ccrtainly someone in the class w i l l be se'pararecl or hilve parents,_h., hru."r.i_,nrnr t ()r c\,'clt

rlrc separating at the moment

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a n d despair 4 After the Dunblanc r ) r a s s a c r c , il" l.)y: rvc.re trghtenccl Norhirrg i"pp.n".l : r t t e r Clolumbinc

L a n g u a g e 1

I illegal 2 ouflarvecj 1 live s 4 weapon ! in self-defence

L a n g u a g e 2

l c 2 a 3 d 4 e 5tr

D i s c u s s i o n

I f time is short, put.students_

i n snrall groups and

l e t thenr choose which sct of quesrionl t h e y

w a n t to discuss T l

s e e ars, Units 5, , j , ; ; t " t ' " i s vcry p,wcrful.

18 The safe of human organs

T h i s unir looks at organ transplants : r n c l s o m e

o f the r:elirted m o r a l and cthical irrl,*.'if "

member of the class.has ""), ii; :;;,'.'ln',ri.".t

e x p e r i e n c e o f transnlan,r,_ah"u , " " u ' i r ' * i f ling t<r

s h a r e that with the class Be sensitive r o rhe fact fhat transplants are ufr.n unr,-, 1";;;,i.'

D i s c u s s i o n

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L a n g u a g e

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D i s c u s s i o n

Y o L r c o u l c l use onc of these points as the b a s i s

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S c c a l s o L ] n i t s 2 1 , 29 32

1 7 Nobody needs a gun

T h c r c Arc nlrrnv websites connected w i t h both

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R e a d i n g

T h i r i s i l l)(,r.\()n t l (

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Unit by unit notes

R e a d i n g

1 ,\4any of our borrowers only ] H r c c o r d e d r h e 1.rh1r11g L 1 l l r ' f r p a n e s e I r t ' l i e r c t h c i r l.,odit,r l l e cost you drt Ltrnt and d leg

h a v e o l r e

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p r c j r " r d i c e A d i s c u s s i o n o n A I D S m a y r a r s e

i s s u e s r c l r t e d t o m a l c h o m t t s e x u a l i t y , m o r a l i t y

r r n d s c n r r r l fr c e c l o l n Y o u n e e d to c o n s i d e r t h i s

lvhcrr clecic'ling whether to Llse this r:nit

D i s c u s s i o n

1 a , b r r r t c l c l r r r e a l l p o s s i b l e w a y s o f p a s s i n g o n

H I V i n f e c t i o n 2 T h e v a r e a l l f a r l s e

R e a d i n g

l S u b - S a h a r a r r A f r i c a 2 N o 3 R o u g h l y e q u a l

n u m b c r s o f m c n a n d w o m e n 4 Y o u n g a d u l t s

a n c l p c o p l e ir - r e a r l v m i d d l c a g e

D i s c u s s i o n

| T h c t r e a t m e n t s a r e r o o e x p e n s i v e 2 I t k i l l s

t h e p c o p l e w h o r a i s c th e c h i l d r e n , s u p p o r t th e

e l c l e r l v a r - r d b u i l d t h e c o u n t r y ' s e c o n o m y

3 ( l o o c l i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t h o w t o p r e v e n t

i r r f e c t i o n 4 T h e c l i f f i c u l t y o f u s i n g c o n d o m s ;

i-r wot.rtrln's clcpendency on her husband; the

d c n i a l o f s o r l c g o v e r n l - n e n t s t h a t t h e r e is a

prclblerrr

L a n g u a g e 1

2 c l e v e l o p 3 p r o d u c c 4 h a v e - 5 p r e v e n t

6 bc rr-radc 7 arvoicl 8 fight f increase

1 0 m r r k c l l c l I Z c 1 3 a l 4 e 1 5 b

L a n g u a g e 2

l c l e v c k r p e d 2 p r o d r - r c e c l 3 a v a i l a b l e

4 p r e v c n t - 5 i n c r e a s i n g 6 a v o i d 7 h a d

t l f i g h t 9 n r i r k e

2 0 T e l l i n g li e s

D i s c u s s i o n

A f t e r t h e t r r s k , a s k s t u d e n t s w h e t h e r th e i r

partuer wrrs goocl irt l-ving or not

R e a d i n g

I F 2 T 3 T

1 H c r e s i g n e c l i n 1 9 7 4 t o s t a r t w r i t i n g , i n o r d e r

t o p a y o f f h i s d e b t s 2 H e r e s i g n e d i n 1 9 8 6

o v e r s t o r i c s rt b o u t s e n d i n g d 2 0 0 0 t o a

p r o s t i t u t e 1 B e c a u s e t h e y a l l e g e d t h a t h e s l e p t

witl-r a prostitute 4 Beciruse he admittcd

p c r s u a c l i n g r r f r i e t r d to l i e f o r h i m

L a n g u a g e

r r te e t h b l i e c i n c h d a n s w e r e l e g f p a c k

l p u l l i n g 2 g i v e 3 l y i n g 4 t r u s t 5 t o l d

6 t c l l

T e l l th e t r u t h !

[ e t s t u d e n t s w o r k t h r o u g h t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e i n

p r r i r s b e i o r e c o m p a r i n g a n s w e r s a s a c l a s s

Extra activity

P r r t th i s l i s t o n t h e b o a r d : L a w y e r s , e s t a t e

Ltgents, politicians, second-hand cdr salesmen,

t l t c p o l i c e A s k t h e c l : r s s i f a n v o f t h e m h a v e

Iaboos and /ssues

r e p u t a t i o n s f o r l y i n g I f s o , w h i c h a r c t h c w o r s t ?

S e e a l s o U n i t s 1 1 2 3

21 Abortion

R e n - r e m b e r t h a t w h e n d i s c u s s i n g a b < l r t i o n ,

c l c e p l y h e l d a n d o p p o s i r r g v i c w s tn r y l ' ' t '

e r p r e s s e d P e r s o n a l e x p r e r i e n c e o f a b o r t i t l n c a n

a l s o m a k e t h i s a v e r y s e n s i t i v e t o p i c

L a n g u a g e a n d d i s c u s s i o n

l b 2 d 3 c 4 a

A t t h c e n d o f t h i s d i s c u s s i o r t s c c t i o n , s t u d e n t s

a r e a s k e d o u t r i g h t f o r t h e i r v i c t r , ' o n i r b o r t t o n

D o n o t p r e s s s t u d e n t s t o g i v e t h c i r v i e w s if t h e y

p r e f c r n o t t o

R e a d i n g

S h e fe e l s h e r d e c i s i o n w e s e p o s i t i v c o n c

L a n g u a g e

\ c 2 e 3 9 4 d 5 f 6 h 7 a 8 i 9 b What about the father?

T h i s s h o r t r e a d i n g te x t p r o r n p t s th c o f t e n forgotten question of the father's rights towards

a p r e € i n a n c y D i s c u s s i t i n s r n a l l g r o u p s o r

b r i e f l y a s a w h o l e c l a s s

D i s c u s s i o n

A s k s t u d e n t s f i r s t t o d i v i d e t h e 1 0 v i e w s in t < r

p r o - c h o i c e s t a t e m e n t s a n d p r o - l i f c s t a t e l n e n t s

T h e y t h e n w o r k t h r o u g h t h e v i e w s in p a i r s o r

s m a l l g r o u p s F i n a l l y , h a v e a c l a s s d i s c u s s i o t l o t l the statements which attracted most c()llll-llent

T h i s u n i t i s a r e l a t i v e l y l i g h t - h e a r t e d l o o k a t

n a t i o n a l s t e r e o t y p e s b u t i t c a n , o f c o u r s e , s t i l l

o f f e n d T o t a k e d i s c u s s i o n t o a d e e p e r l e v e l ,

h o w e v e r , y o u m i g h t w i s h t h e c l a s s t t l c r a t l l i n e

t h e e f f c c t s o f s t e r e o t y p i n g l s i t n o t h i n g m o r c

t h a n a s u b t l e fo r m o f r a c i s m ? D o e s it h a v e ir

n e g a t i v e e f f e c t ? I f s o , w h a t i s t h a t e f f e c t ? O r i s

i t r e a l l y n o m o r e t h a n a l i t t l e h a r m l e s s f u n ?

D i s c u s s i o n

If some students create their own versiot-t of thc

; o k e , a s k t h e m t o r e a d it a l o r - r d t o t h e c l a l s s True or false?

1 F - t h e s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c t e d i n A r - n e r i c a 2 T

3 T 4 F - t h e y w a n t t o h a v c t h i n g s ju s t l i k c a t

h o m e 5 F - t h c y n c v e r le a v e a t i P 6 T

L a n g u a g e

I c 2 d 3 a 4 b 5 f 6 e 7 i 8 k 9 9 1 0 i 1 1 1 1 2 h

D i s c u s s i o n

E m p h a s i s e t h e r e a r e n o r i g h t a n s w e r s h e r e a n d

t r y t o k e e p th e d i s c u s s i o n l i g h t - h e a r t c d

Unit by unit notes

24 Are you

Fof low-up

A s k stuclents t o write a clescription o f their own

]_l.l]ll,i"]ltt: They rray wanr ro explode somc

n r v t h s ! lf rhcv olriect to national s f e r e o r y p n g ,

r r s k thenr ro wrire erplaining w h y , with

r r f t r r ' l l e r t p t , r s , r r r r l '

a * p r ; l n , _ ' '

" ' '

S c c rrlso Unit 2-i

True or false?

l F t F t t - 4 T t T

L a n g u a g e lttd tt orta ni,qbt sfuntl,, sleep arotmtl, gontg to bctl u,it/t lsonteoncl, tteert intirrtttte tuitb ( Lt n ( ) t b c r t Lt { ) | | t tt fi ), b, r r r rru i' t i" ( u' ri "7 tI r' rr r r,

D i s c u s s i o n

,l,T: :::U:lr1in pairs or small sroLrps ro srarr rhe

c l r s c u s s r o n

T h e n involv" th wh,rl" class y,ru c-ruld tr1' ancl get sruclenrs ," ;r;.: ,i,r'r"." ,lr"

Iine ialls [-,ctr,v.]c,r lreing

;rr, fri."jr:'r".f ' c h c a r i n g '

S e e r r l s o U n i r s 1 6 , 2 0

T h i s is a highlv sensitive u r r i t Thc issucs

r h a t it

r i r i s e s h a v e beer_r t h e flirshpoint f o r nors,

t e r r o r i s r n

a n c l evert rvars Usc rvith cautlonl

R e a d i n g

l F 2T l Therc rs nothing firr thern r o do _ no

e n t e r t a i n m c n t , n ( ) cinerna, c t c 2 Bccrruse t h e refr-rgees need

w a s no ,,r.,ra t t " t ' " pctrce a n c l quiet 3 There

L a n g u a g e 1

1 e 2 c 3 a 4 b .jcl 5 illegal immigranrs

7 border conrrols s ;nr,.,rig.rii,r,i,,rri.inr,

9 asylurn seckers 10 cconilnic rnigrants

A s k if srudents h a v e reacl any reporrs of illegal

i m m i g r a n t s dying on their j,r,,rniyr I f so, ask

w h o s e fault the cleaths * r " - "'' "

L a n g u a g e 2

l A 2 P 3 p 4 4 5D 6D 7D 8A or l) ( c l e p e n d i n g o n rhe conrexr)

F o l f o w - u p

A s k students t o search

t h c wcb for information

o n immigrants or racisrn in thcir homc r o w n

fii.;::i:ifi J?, :: i :L:[ i]i :[,'ff ;.;'", n.,,

r e s p o n s e t O i t , e ither agreeing o r clisagrecrng.

See irlso lJnit 22

P e o p l e

w h o change their sex can arolrse srrong

f e c l i n g s

i n others; mosr people will have little o r

n o experience o l understanding

o f the problcm

l, ,rl1t be a good icleer ro f,,"f;,r-rfr i,",, f,,,

I o o k i n g at rhc informarion l]ox at ,h.lbnrru_ o f

t h e second p a g e in ,, 1., ,,, 1",,;;: r e r r s gender and sex, ancl to e rplain *hu ,,rrr., preople

f e e l that a sex chang" ,rp.r"u,r,r',r'n-.rra.r

L a n g u a g e a n d discussion Say the words for studenfs to repcat ancl get

t h e m to rnark the stress

R e a d i n g

1 Because t h e regular cusfoners felt

r - r n c o m f o r t a b l e 2 No

True or false?

l F - she srarrcd going recenrlv 2T 3T

L a n g u a g e

T h e purpose of this activity is ro give s t u d e n f s i r wide range of w.rds ro deicribe il,; ;h."

would react ir.r rhe siturrrio,rs in rhe i.ffr*i"*

discussion

Say the words f.r, ,tud.nir"ri, ,.p"",

i r n c l g e t them to nlark the stress- - - - - " " "

C l o s n r c t i c s u r g c r y is on the increase a n c l people ilre strtrtln.q

to have it rrt an increasingly y.rung",

a g e , T h i s u n i t prronr;.rts h a I f _ s e r i o , r ' J i r u r r i u n

on rhe ropic irnci is unrikery ,,, ,,ri.', ] bur, as

i l l w r l v s , be scnsitive

B r i n g sonre pictures to class _ thin supermodels,

n r u s c l y n r e n fr.m health "r,ngnrin;r, i i v e r w " i g h t

p e o p r l e , b a l c l nren etc

D i s c u s s i o n

V r u coulcl fincl out rvhefhe r anyone in class has

h a c l plastic surgery n,- knn*r-"iri"""'rf-',

n " r

R e a d i n g

l Thcy rv:lnr ro look like the people t h e y see in

fil's a'cl rnrguzines 2 He ,ildh; ri," _",

r ( x ) )'oun.q -1 Thev are becoming'inc;asingly

c - ' c e ' e c l with their physrcal " p ; ; ; ; ;

4 Ilecrruse h i s wife wanred hint to

L a n g u a g e

l r h i n o p l a s f v ( n o s c

i o b ) Z v a r i c o s e v e r n

r c r r o v r r l 3 hair inrplant + t,.""rr n l , i r " n l " n ,

- i facclifr 5 runrnrv ruck

D i s c u s s i o n

T l r c t t ' r r r l r o u t rhc frrtrening r ( ) o m s i s

conrplcrell rrure

irnd is he.e'ibr ir", ""f,fr."sl-t

str cle rs ma ) 'v, r.r r r,, d i r.u r, - rrrJii ",ri' i u.r,,.rn.

S e c r r l s o LJnits 6 , 16.

Unit by unit notes

I

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t

I a I

I

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q

I I

q

r/

q

)

q

-1

d J

a I rf 4 ril Taboos and /ssues

I

T

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I

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I

I

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r

I

f

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l

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a

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t!

!!

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=!

rl

D i s c u s s i o n

( i c t stuclcnts t o c l i s c r r s s t h e s i t u a t i o n s i n p a i r s o r

s r r r r r l l g r o t r p s

27 ls this news?

D i s c u s s i o n

A s k s t u d c n t s l v h r r t th c i r p r c f e r r e d T V c h a n n e l is

for nelvs reporting ancl whv Is tl-rere a Inorc

' s e n s i t t i o t r r t I ' c [ r i r t t t t c I f o r n e ' n v s r e p o r t s ?

L a n g u a g e

r r l) c r r t e u b u n k n o r t ' n c b r e a k s d r c g t o n

e o v c r c r o w d e d f f i l r l g c l e a d h c r o s s f i r c

i r v e r r t h c r j tracle k blincl l graphic

F o l l o w - u p

W r i t e r r s i m i l r r r l c t t e r t o t h e o n e a b o u t t h c

C b n c o r c l e d i s a s t c r , c o r n p l a i n i n g a b o u t o n e o f t h e

t r , v c l v c n c w s i t e u r s o n t h e s e c o n d p a g e P c l i n t o u t

to stucicnts the langr-rage thev can Llsc frorn the

Cor.rcorcle lctter:

I L u t t t L ' r i t i t \ { lo s r l l '

\Vits i/ rcLtll\ nccessLlrl to

D i d i t r t o t < t c c t t r t o \'ott that etc

28 The right to die

In sot-ue clrtsses stlrcleltts ma,v hirve direct

e r p c r i e n c e o f f r i c n c l s o r r e l a t i v e s w h o , a s a

r c s u l t o f r r g e , i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t , h a v e b c e r l in , r

s i t u e t i o r r l v h e r e th e p a t i e n t ' s r i g h t t o d i e h a s

b e e n c o n s i c l c r e c ' I F o r t h e s c c l a s s m e m b e r s t h e

t o 1 ' r i c u r r r v b e p a r t i c u l a r l l ' e m o t i v e a n d n p s e t t i n g '

D i s c u s s i o n

1 c u t h r r t r r r s i r r 2 s L r i c i c l e - 1 m l t r c l c r

, { rnanslrrughter

R c f c r t o t h c b o r r r t th c h o t t o m o f t h e s c c t l n d

p a g e io r c l e f i n i t i o r r s o f t v p c s o f e u t h a n a s i a

R e a d i n g

l f 1'ou plrtt to hrrve rr whole class discl-tssirln r r t

thc cnd, rrllocatc five minr-rtes for each text so

t l - r r r t t l - r e g r o u p s fi n i s h a t t h c s a m e ti m e

L i f e a n d d e a t h

1 l i f e 2 l i f e - i l i f e / c l e a t h 4 c l e a t h - 5 d e a t h

6 l i f e / c l c e t h 7 c l e a t h 8 l i f e 9 l i f e / d e a t h

1 0 li f e l l c l e i r t h l2 l i f e / c l e a t h 1 3 li f e

1 4 li f c l 5 c l c e t h 1 6 li f e l T d e i r t h

I [J life/clcath

F o l l o w - u p

A s k s t r r l c t t t s t , r w r i t

o f e u t h r t t r r r s i r r

S e c ir l s o L I n i t l

Iaboos and /ssues

2 9 O l d e n o u g h t o b e h e r

g randfather!

D i s c u s s i o n

S e a r c h t h c w e b f o r f a m o u s c o u p l c s u s i r - r g r h e i r names, ttnd ltren4ttidl agreement or prcttttpti,tl contrdct

R e a d i n g

Y o u o r a s t u d e n t c o u l d r e a d t h e f i r s t l e t t e r a l o r - r c l

t o t h e c l a s s A n o t h e r s t u d e n t c a n r c r r c l t h e r c p l y True or false?

I T 2 F 3 T 4 F

L a n g u a g e 1

6 a r - r c l 7 p r o b a b l y a p p l y t o t h e r c l a t i o n s h i p i r r

t h e l e t t e r s S o m e p e o p l e m a y t h i n k t h a t 4

a p p l i e s b e c a u s e o f t h e a g e d i f f e r c n c c ( l v r r i c s

m i g h t f e e l th a t 3 a p p l i e s ! a2 b4 c.5

L a n g u a g e 2

l c 2 d 3 a 4 b - 5 f 6 e Discussion (extra activitY)

G e t s t u d e n t s t o w r i t e t h e i r o w n p e r s o n a l

a d v e r t i s e m c n t s o n a p i e c e o f p a p e r a n d s t i c k

t h e m o n t h e b o a r d f o r e v e r y o n c t o r e a d

30 Big Brother is watching!

T h i s r - r n i t i s a b o u t p r i v a c v a n d t h e c x t e n t t o

w h i c h e m p l o y e r s c a n k e e p a n e y e o r - r t h e i r

w o r k e r s a n d o b t a i n i r r f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h c m

I t f i n i s h e s w i t h a q u e s t i t l r l n a i r e w h i c h a s k s h o w

m u c h y o u r e s p e c t o t h e r s ' p r i v a c y

R e a d i n g

A ' c o o k i e ' is a filc placed on voLlr compltter l'rv

a W e b s c r v e r a s a s o r t o f I D 1b or d 2 dn infringement of our ltriuacy

3 it nmy be utatching yott, keep trdck of, keep

an e)te on you, keep tabs on, lteing traced by, rccrtrd, track

L a n g u a g e PRIVATE - INSIDE: behind closed doors, keep the press out rtf her priuate life, insidc inforntation

INFORMATION C;ETTING OUT: neurs g,ot ctut, the affair leoked out, I feel exltosed, out in tbe open, soon-to-be-released

1 c l o s e d 2 o r - r t 3 p r i v a t e 4 o u t - 5 o p e n

6 i n s i d e

l ) o s t u d e n t s h a v e s i r n i l a r e r p r c s s i o t ' t s i n t h c i r

o w n l a n g u a g e ? Privacy and you

A f t e r t h e c l a s s h a s d i s c u s s e d t h e s i t u a t i o n s t n

p a i r s o r s m a l l g r o u p s , g o t h r o u g h t h e s i t u a t i o n s

if

EI

EI

t

F

h

F

l - 5 0 w o r d s o n t h c i r v t e w

Unit by unit notes