Success with maps 3

North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North Sout

North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South East West North South

Map Basics 2

Understanding Directions 4

The World on a Globe 6

Intermediate Directions 8

Using a Map Grid 10

Understanding Distance 12

Learning About Scale 14

Using a Map Scale 16

Comparing Maps 18

The United States 20

North America 22

South America 24

Landforms 26

Using a Landform Map 28

A Resource Map 30

A Rainfall Map 32

A History Map 34

A Tourist Map 36

A City Map 38

A Transit Map 40

Map Review 1 42

Map Review 2 43

Thinking About Maps 44

Glossary 45

Answers 47

Contents

Grade 3

BY LINDA WARD BEECH

North South East West North South East West

R o d

Sum mer

Stre et N

S WE

Map Key

River

Hospital

Playground Park

Bridge

School

Store Fire house Library

A map is a drawing of a place from above

A map can show all of Earth or just a small

part of it The map on this page shows a

community.

Sometimes

a map key is called a legend.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

drawing that stands for something real

A symbol can also be a color or a pattern To learn what a map’s symbols

key tells what each symbol means

Use the map and map key to answer these questions.

you walked along Market Street

Create your own symbol in thespace at right and then draw it on the map and in the key

library fire house store playground

Complete these sentences.

This picture shows a globe

A globe is a model of Earth.

A globe is the same shape as

Earth but much smaller

Read the labels on the globe

The North and South poles help you

tell directions North is toward the

North Pole South is toward the

South Pole When you face north,

east is to your right West is to your left

A compass rose is a symbol that

shows the four main directions on a map

N

S WE

N

S W

N

S W

This map shows

Lakeview Use the

compass rose to

help answer these

questions.

or south side of Lakeview?

the hotels from the lake?

gift shop from the restaurant?

Gas station

Gift Shop

Lak e view Restaurant

Restaurant Shop

Shoreline Hotel

Beach Ball Hotel

N

S WE

The four main directions

“cardinal”

directions.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Find and circle the four main directions.

The World

on a Globe

A globe shows all of Earth You can see

Earth’s continents and oceans on a globe.

The equator is an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between theNorth and South poles The equator divides Earth into two halves called

hemispheres The northern half is the Northern Hemisphere What do youthink the southern half is called? Earth can also be divided into Western

and Eastern Hemispheres Study the hemispheres on the globes

“Hemi”

means half.

A “hemisphere”

is half of a sphere.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

North Pole

South Pole

Equator Pacific

Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

South America

North America

Antarctica

Equator Indian Ocean

Pacific Ocean

North Pole

South Pole

Africa

Asia Europe

Australia

Arctic Ocean

Antarctica

Western Hemisphere

Eastern Hemisphere

Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

Fill in the blanks with the first letter of the answers for questions 1-5 to figure out the secret code word.

NORTH AMERICA

SOUTH AMERICA

INDIAN OCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

A globe is the best way to show what Earth looks like However, globes are

not so easy to carry around So people use flat maps to represent Earth,

too Study the globes and map, then answer the questions

equator is called the Southern

Eastern Hemisphere

Western Hemisphere

Code Word

N

S WE

S

N

S W

S W

Answer these questions.

You know that a compass rose

has four main directions.

directions, too Intermediate directions

are between the main directions

For example, the direction between

north and west is northwest Letters

sometimes stand for the intermediate

directions on a compass rose For

example, NE stands for northeast

Intermediate

Directions

N

S WE

Color each compass rose to show

the correct direction.

In which direction

do you go to getmore?

would you go from the supermarket tothe town hall?

An intersection is where two roads cross.

Find the bank on the map It is east of Water Street and north of Central

Avenue So the bank is on the northeast corner of the intersection

Bank Town hall

N

S WE

N

S WE

N

S WE

N

S WE N

S WE

S WE

NE

SE

NW

SW N

S WE

N

S WE

Use the map to

answer these questions.

is in D1?

is the police station?

Lima Street runs through

Using a Map Grid

Fire department Police Station Movie theater Gas station

Map Key

Gainsville N

S WE

A grid is a pattern of lines that cross to form squares

Each square on a grid has a letter and a number

Find the letter A at the left side of the map

Then locate the number 1 along the top of the map

The first square in the top row is A1 Now find A2

A grid makes

it easier to pinpoint places

on a map.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Pretend you are giving

a new friend a tour of Gainsville You visit the squares in this order:

C1, D1, C3, A4, C4 Write a list describing the places

Sometimes a map has

letters and numbers along

the side and top, but no

grid lines Then you must

imagine where the lines go

For example, look in B1 and

C1 to find the apartment

buildings in Gainsville

Use the map to

answer these questions.

Fire department Police station Movie theater Gas station

Map Key

Gainsville N

S WE

Distance

A map can show where places are in relation to one another

Use the map to answer these questions.

the ball field or the tennis court?

Lake Norway

Good Valley Camp

Tennis court

Arts and crafts

Theater

N

S WE

Distance is one thing that you need to know when you plan a trip.

Other things make a difference, too For example, it takes longer

to drive over a mountain than it does to cross a plain Draw a picture of something else that could make a car trip take longer.

A map can show

it is from one place to

another This map has lines

between the towns The

number on each line tells

how many miles it is from

one town to another For

example, it is 20 miles from

Dover to Clark City

to Luna City or from Millbrook to Dover?

Clark City to Terra View?

How many miles would it be?

Far Hills

Clark City

Millbrook

Luna City

Amber Lake

(all distances in miles)

Use a ruler to measure the distances on the map.

from the east side to the west side?

A map is not the same size as the place it shows It is much smaller Places on a map are inches or less apart

map Look at the scale on

this map It shows that one

inch equals ten feet That

means one inch on the map

stands for ten feet of the

0 scale: 1 inch = 10 feet

lockers

case

book-teacher’s desk

plants

desk desk

desk desk

desk desk desk

N

S WE

Always check the map scale to find the distance it represents Use a ruler to help you answer these questions.

the games entrance to the crafts entrance?

entrance to the gate of the go carts?

pony path, how far does it go?

When you use a map scale, you may need to add, subtract,

or multiply.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Roxbury Fair

50 25

0 scale: 1 inch = 50 feet

Pony Rides

Pony Path Crafts

Fair Road

Restrooms

Food Tents

Go Carts Parking Lot

Using a Map Scale

A map scale often looks like this:

The MI on the scale stands for miles, and the KM stands for kilometers.Kilometers are a way of measuring distance in the Metric System

Use the map scale to answer these questions.

50 100 150

Map Key

State capital City

with the “zero”

3. Lubbock is about miles from El Paso.

miles from Austin to

more or less than 150 miles apart?

300 apart

miles

southern part, Texas is about miles long

Find and circle four Texas cities.

it to measure distances on the map.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Map 1: Minnesota

Use the maps to answer these questions.

Find it on Map 2 Does Map 1 or Map 2 cover a larger area?

of California (CA) to the coast of Virginia (VA)?

6. What does one inch stand for on Map 3?

Then draw another box on the map to show the area on Map 1

OH

TN KY

WA

OR ID

MT ND

MN

WI MI

ID IL IA

MO

AR

TX OK KS NE WY

CO UT NV

AZ NM CA

PA NY

NJ DE NJ

WV VA NC SC GA AL MS LA

FL

VT NH ME MA RI CT SD

The United States

Read the map, then answer these questions.

a border with it on the west?

a border with it on the east?

Great Salt Lake

M is sis s

ip p

R ive r

M is s ri R iv er

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Gulf of Mexico

Lake Ontario Lake Erie

Lake Huron Lake Michigan

Salton Sea

Boston

Columbus

Albany Montpelier

Hartford

Augusta

Concord

Atlanta Nashville Charleston

Columbia

Tallahassee Montgomery

Little Rock

Pierre

Trenton Dover Annapolis

Austin

Frankfort

Harrisburg

Jefferson City Olympia

Baton Rouge

FLORIDA

N EW MEXICO

DELAWARE

TEXAS OKLAHOMA

KANSAS

N EBRASKA

N ORTH DAKOTA

CALIFORNIA

O REGON

KENTUCKY

NEW YORK

VIRGINIA

WEST VIRGINIA

O HIO

INDIANA

I LLINOIS

NORTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE

SOUTH CAROLINA

A LABAMA MISSISSIPPI ARKANSAS

HAWAII

ALASKA

N S WE

M AP K EY National capital State capital State border

You are looking at the United States

end Borders can show the dividing lines

between states, countries, and other places.

Rivers and lakes can also form borders between places.

3. What lake forms part of the

northwest border of Pennsylvania?

border of Tennessee?

in the inset maps?

In which direction is it from California?

Imagine that you are taking

a trip from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Plan a route that passes through the fewest number

of states possible Can you

do it in less than eight states? Write the states on the chart.

“Speedy Map Planner”

of the country These states are shown in small boxes called

Use the map to answer these questions about North America.

from the United States?

that share a border with Mexico

the north with the United States?

part of North America?

and west coasts of North America?

between the U.S and Mexico?

One state, Hawaii, is not part of North America.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

North America

The United States is on the continent

of North America.

Two countries, Canada and Mexico, share

borders with the United States North America

also includes Greenland, the countries of

Central America, and many islands

PACIFIC OCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

Greenland Sea

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Caribbean Se a

Baffin Bay Gulf of

Alaska

Labrador Sea

Gulf of Mexico

Hudson Bay

Beaufort Sea

Panama Costa Rica

El Salvador Guatemala

Jamaica

Cuba

Bahamas

Dominican Republic Haiti Puerto

Rio Grande

Mississippi River

Area of detail

0 200 400Miles 600

N

S WE N

S WE

South America

South of North America lies another big

continent called South America The

equator runs through several countries of

this continent.

Look at the map on page 25 Then circle the best

answer for each statement about South America

Most of South America is in the Southern Hemisphere.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

Caribbean Sea

Falkland Islands (U.K.)

Equator

r e vi R á a r a P

Trinidad and Tobago

N

S W N

S WE

Use the pictures to answer these questions.

How are they different?

A plain is open, flat land A mountain is very high

land with steep slopes.

A hill is land that is higher

than a plain but not as high

A canyon is a narrow

valley with high, steep sides Rivers sometimes flow through canyons, too.

More than half of Earth

is covered with water.

You have learned about

some of these bodies of

water such as oceans, rivers,

and lakes The picture shows

some other bodies of water

and some other landforms

Use the maps to help

answer the questions.

or sea A gulf is partly

surrounded by land

An island is land that is completely surrounded by water

A peninsula is an “almost island.” It is land that is surrounded by water onall but one side

place to keep a boat?

What landform is Florida?

This is a landform map of Arkansas

Study the map, then answer these questions.

Greers Ferry Lake

Norfolk Lake

Little Rock

A rka nsas Riv

N

S WE

NE SE NW

SW

A landform map

is sometimes called a relief map.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

This map shows the landforms of Alaska.

Study the map, then answer these questions.

southern part of the state

southwest part of the state called?

Map Key

State capital National border Plain Mountain Hill Valley River

Gulf of Alaska

Bristol Bay

Kodiak Island Alaska Peninsula

Juneau

N

S WE

Answer these questions.

PENNSYLVANIA

MARYLAND WEST

VIRGINIA

NEW JERSEY DELAWARE

NEW YORK

OHIO

Harrisburg

Reading Philadelphia

State border Coal

Iron ore Limestone Natural gas Oil

Sand and gravel

N

S WE

NE SE NW

SW

Do you know what coal is? It’s a kind

of rock that is burned to make heat and

energy Coal is just one of Pennsylvania’s

A natural resource is something found in nature that

people use Air, water, plants, soil, and minerals are all

natural resources A map can show where natural resources

are located The map on this page shows where some of

Pennsylvania’s mineral resources are found

A mineral is a resource that is found in the ground.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Use this Pennsylvania maze to get from

Philadelphia

to the oil field in the northwest.

An Amazing Journey

N

S

Use the map on page 30 to

help you.

part of the state

Much of Pennsylvania’scoal is burned to makeelectricity

State borderCoal

Iron oreLimestone

A Rainfall Map

Water is the most important natural

resource Plants, animals, and people

all need water Water falls to Earth as

rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

This map is called a

rainfall map It shows

how much water falls in the

different parts of Maine

during one year

ATLANTIC OCEAN

MAINE

New Hampshire

CANADA

Caribou

Houlton Millinocket

Portland Lewiston

Augusta

Bangor

Map Key

Average Yearly Rainfall

State capital City

National border State border

More than 44

40 to 44

38 to 40 Less than 38

Measured in inches

N

S WE

Vermont New

York

Another word for rainfall is precipitation.

Helpful Hint

Helpful Hint

Maine: Yearly Rainfall

Connect the words

to the correct symbols.

People use water to drink and to bathe Water is also

important for growing crops, washing things, and running

machines

Use the map to answer these questions.

parts of the state

Maine gets inches of rain a year

A History Map

Great Salt Lake

Missouri R iver

Co lum bia River

Independence

Portland

Fort Bridger

Fort Laramie

Independence Rock

Oregon City

Three Island Crossing

Great Salt Lake

R

O

C K

Y

M

O U

N

T A I

N

S

Map Key

City or town Oregon Trail River

Mountain

N

S WE

N EW MEXICO

TEXAS

OKLAHOMA KANSAS

N EBRASKA

N ORTH DAKOTA

UNITED STATES

You can learn about the past from a map The map on this page

when they traveled west in the 1840s

A route is a way to go from one place to another.

In the 1840s people did not have airplanes orcars They traveled in covered wagons pulled byoxen Some pioneers rode on horses or walkedalongside the wagons Most pioneers met inIndependence, Missouri, and formed groups The groups traveled together in wagon trains