Structural Welding Code - Steel

Key Words — Allowable stress, cyclically loaded structures, structural details, statically loaded structures, steel welding, stud welding, tubular structures, welded joint details, welde

American Welding Society

Steel

Key Words — Allowable stress, cyclically loaded

structures, structural details, statically loaded structures, steel welding, stud welding, tubular structures, welded joint details, welded steel structures

ANSI/AWS D1.1-98

An American National Standard

Approved by American National Standards Institute

Under the Direction of AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

This code covers the welding requirements for any type of welded structure made from the commonly used carbon and -ow-alloy constructional steels Sections 1 through 8 constitute a body of rules for the regulation of welding in steel con- struction There are twelve mandatory and twelve non-mandatory annexes in this code A Commentary of the code is in- cluded with the document

550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

American Welding Society

Statement on Use of AWS Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the Ameri- can National Standards Institute When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the gov- ernmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agree- ment between the contracting parties

International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-525-2 American Welding Society, 550 N.W LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

© 1998 by American Welding Society All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its members To this end, AWS provides a forum for the exchange, consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant to the welding industry and the consen- sus of which forms the basis for these standards By providing such a forum, AWS does not assume any duties to which

a user of these standards may be required to adhere By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use Publication of a standard by the American Welding Society does not carry with it any right to make, use, or sell any patented items Users of the information in this standard should make an independent, substantiating investigation of the validity of that information for their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein

With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them These individuals

do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Structural Welding Committee It must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn Comments (recommendations, additions, or de- letions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Structural Welding Committee and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS Structural Welding Committee to express their comments verbally Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Com- mittee A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 508-750- 8400; online: http://www.copyright.com

Personnel

AWS Committee on Structural Welding

D L McQuaid, Chairman

D D Rager, Vice Chairman

D K Miller, Vice Chairman

A W Sindel, Vice Chairman

H H Campbell IH, Secretary

American Welding Society Robertson, UDI

Consultant

Hardesty and Hanover Alcoa Technical Center Nickel Development Institute Argonne National Laboratory Law Engineering, Incorporated American Institute of Steel Construction Welding Institute of Canada

McDermott Incorporated Diamond Power Specialty Company The Lincoln Electric Company Canadian Welding Bureau Bechtel Corporation Cooper Lighting Walt Disney World Company Weidlinger Associates Incorporated Naval Facilities Engineer Com

TRW Nelson Stud Welding Division Cooper Lighting

Team Industries, Incorporated General Public Utilities Nuclear Corporation Boeing Defense and Space Group

California Department of Transportation Consultant

Westinghouse Electric Corporation Chevron Research and Technology Consultant

Fluor Daniel Chevron Petroleum Tech Company Texas Department of Public Transportation Rex Fronduti & Associates

Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited TradeARBED Incorporated Consultant

Massachusetts Highway Department Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute

EQE International Incorporated

Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company

AWS Committee on Structural Welding (Continued)

T Omura

J A Packer F: J Palmer

C C Pease

*T Pekoz

M L Peterson D.C Phillips

G J Hill and Associates, Incorporated Thomas and Betts-Meyer Ind

IFR Engineering West Virginia Department of Transportation Bombardier Incorporated

Bergen Southwest Steel

A J Julicher and Associates

Conoco, Incorporated

LeJeune Steel Company Technical University of Munich, Germany Omaha Public Power District

The Lincoln Electric Company Butler Manufacturing

PDM Strocal, Incorporated Caterpillar, Incorporated Earthquake Engineering Research Center Degenkolb Engineers

MHP Systems Engineering Morrison Knudsen Corporation Boss and Mayes Testing Engineers Babcock & Wilcox

Texas Department of Transportation Law Engineering

Phoenix Steel, Incorporated

CP Metallurgical Cornell University Consultant ITW- Hobart Brothers Company

S B Barnes and Associates

J W Post and Associates, Incorporated Nucor- Yamato Steel

Canadian Welding Bureau James E Roth, Incoporated Iowa State University American Institute of Steel Construction Institute of the Ironworking Industry Professional Service Industries Bragg Crane & Rigging Company Morrison-Knudsen Corporation Mountain Enterprises, Inc

AWS Committee on Structural Welding (Continued)

Massachusetts Highway Department (Retired) Welding Consultants, Incorporated

State of Alaska Exxon Company, USA Cives Corporation Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates University of California—Sa- Diego Waukesha County Technical Coilege Federal Highway Administration Consultant

Westinghouse Savannah River Company

R B Corbit

D A DelSignore

R A Dennis J.D, Duncan*

A R Fronduti J.C Gerardy

M L Peterson* J.W Post

DIf—Subcommitee 6 on Strengthening and Repair

AASHTO/AWS Bridge Welding Committee

C R Hess, Co-Chair, AWS

M A Grieco, Co-Chair, AASHTO

H Chambers*

R B Corbit

E G Costello*

D A DelSignore J.D Duncan*

J Merrill

J E Roth

D Shapira J.D Theisen

B D Wright

B Young

D11—Subcommittee 12 on Seismic Welding Issues

J W Post

D Rees-Evans

D Shapira

A W Sindel

The 1994 edition of the code was extensively reorganized in the 1996 edition, which provided users with the 1994 reference numbers and their 1996 counterparts However, that practice is discontinued Underlined text indicates an edi- torial or technical change from the 1996 edition

The folowing is a summary of the most significant technical revisions contained in D1.1-98:

Subsection 2.4.7.1—The requirements for terminating fillet welds have been changed

Figure 3.4, Joint details B-U4a-S, BU4b-S, B-U8-S, TC-U8a-S—These new SAW details for joints in prequalified WPSs have been added

Table 3.1 and 3.2—The following steels have been added to the base metal-filler metal and preheat/interpass temper- ature tables:

API 2W Grades 42, 50, 50T, 60

API 2Y Grades 42, 50, SOT, 60

ASTM A913 Grades 50, 60, 65

Table 4.10—Unlisted steels have been deleted as a welder qualification essential variable

Subsection 5.3.2.4—Requirements for preparation of heating ovens for baking electrodes have been added

Subsection 5.18.2.2—This subsection (numbered 5.18.2.3 in D1.1-96) has added the GMAW and FCAW-G processes for making tack welds in SAW joints

Table 6.1 and subsection 6.11—ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W have been added as steels requiring at least a 48 hour delay prior to inspection

Subsection 6.30.2.1—The graduation of display screens for ultrasonic testing equipment using digital amplitude readouts have been added

Annex E—A WPS/PQR form for stud welding has been provided as a nonmandatory option

Editorial changes include: renumbering and moving 6.14.1 from D1.1-96 as 6.1.1 of D1.1-98 (with subsequent re- numbering of 6.1 and 6.14 subsections), revising formulae in 2.40.2.2, redrawing Figure 6.22 (IIIW block), and chang- ing titles to 2.1.1, 2.4.7, 2.26, 2.28, 4.11.2, 5.3.2.4, 5.18.2.3, and 6.22.7.4

ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds, provides additional details of test specimen preparation and details of test fixture construction

Commentary The Commentary is nonmandatory and is intended only to provide insight information into provision rationale,

Mandatory Annexes These additions to the code are requirements that supplement the text

Non-Mandatory Annexes These annexes are not requirements but are provided as options that are permitted by the code Though they are not mandatory, it is essential that all provisions of these appendixes be followed when the option

to use them is exercised

Index As in previous codes, the entries in the Index are referred to by subsection number rather than by page num- ber This should enable the user of the Index to locate a particular item of interest in minimum time

Errata It is the Structural Welding Committee’s Policy that all errata should be made available to users of the code Therefore, in the Society News Section of the AWS Welding Journal, any errata (major changes) that have been noted will be published in the July and November issues of the Weldine Journal

Suggestions Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome They should be sent to the Secretary, Structural Welding Committee, American Welding Society, 550 N.W LeJeune Road., Miami, Florida

33126

Interpretations Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services, American Welding Society, 550 N.W LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126 (See Annex F)

Table of Contents

Page No Œeneral Ñ€QHỈTCHHCHÍS cà nh HH TH HH HH HT HH Tu TT TH KT TH H111 111 tư 1

LL SCOPE -13 1

In Pa on hố 1

I0 1

1.3 Mandatory PTOVISIOTS Lá sàn TH HT HH HH TT TẾ Tàn TH TH TH HH TT Hà HH Hư 1 1.4 Definitions ¬ 1

I0 ác nh 2

IS 8á vo na ố ố ố 2

1.7 Standard Ủnits of MeaSuT€INTIE HH HT HT HT TT TH TH TH Tà KH Tàn TT HH Trà TH Hit 2 [v12 0278//2//1.002(),125/.2 00000008080 3

PS TNN n 33 3 Part A—Common Requirements of Nontubular and Tubular ConnecfiOTS ác ng 012 11 tk re 3 PP nh .-1-äAduaH 4 3

VI NV 000 nh hố 5 3

"(O0 u in .a d 3

2.1.3 Laminations and Lamellar Tearing - - s ttnHh HHYH2 121111141110 TH Hàng n1 HT H010 0 ru 3 P0 nh nh .ẦẢ SYỶ.Ảd Ô 3 2.2.1 Drawing Information cố ốc ố 43Ả.Ầ 3

PA (oi) 8 so 8n na e 3

P CA 1o c0 ng ga cố cố cố cố 3

P6 2n na ca ốc cố cố cố ố.e 3

"hào 0n ốc ốc .ốốố.ố.ố.ằ 3

2.2.4.2 Prequalified Detail DimenSiOnS cá ch HH H41 110111 1111 HT TH HH HT H10 0110 1100110 gi 4 P6) vn an ố ồô Ô 4 2.2.5 Special Inspection Requlr€IT€TIES ác Làn HH HH HH HT HT TH TT H011 T100 000111 ckc 4 E6 An ốc cố cố cố cốc cố ốốeố 4

VN Nga 0/000 2n nä,344 4

2.3.2 Effective Area ooo n ố ốc cố cố ốốố.ố ốằe - 4

2.3.3 Partial Joint Penetration Groove WWeÏdS - sách nén T TH HH HH HT HH HH TH HH HT TH cư 4 2.3.3.1 Minimmum Weld SIZ€ HH HH HT HH HH Hà HH TT Hàng HH Tà Tà HT HH TH 4 2.3.3.2 Effective Weld Size (Flare CTOOV€) G QQ Q0 Họng ng HYK TK ST HH TH E81 ng ko 4 2.3.4 Complete Joint Penetration Groove WEÏdS ng HH H181 1111111111 g1 Hee 4 2.3.4.1 Weld nh cố 4 4

P0 An cố ốốố ố ốốố ốc h6 ‹iáä4ĂHAH)L), 4 2.4.1 Effective ThrOat ch HH H11 TT KH HT TT TH TT Hà HT cà HH HH HT ưệc 4 “5n h9 on ốc ẻ ằ - 4

2.4.1.2 án cố cố cố cố cố ầ 4 2.4.1.3 Reinforcing Fillet WeldS cà cà + HH HH 211111112 811111111 E111 H011 KH HH HH, 4 24.2 LOM gt 6 .ẦBĐ^ˆdd4d 4

2.4.2.1 Effective Length (Straighf) -2 222cc 1221121 n1 tre 4 2.4.2.2 Effective 0.00 4

2.4.2.3 Minimum LengtÌh óc 2t HH1 012101111 1111111111111 HH HH TH HT KH cư, 5 2.4.3 Effective Area oo ố ố ốố ố.ốố.e 5

Contents

2.4.5 Maximum Fillet Weld S1Ze cu nàn HH T41 ng HH TH TT TH gà HH HH cư 5 2-4.6 Intermittent Filet Welds (Minimum Length) St HH 1111411121110 HH HH Hung 5

6y À -iá (on 5

" XP (co dqQÃÃ 5

PP XP) 05a nh 5-13 5 2.4.7.3 Maximum End Return Length - cv 111101101 111111111111 410 HH KH nh TH TH HH TH TH 5 2.4.7.4 Stiffener Welds 0 ố ố ố ằ 2ä 5

2.4.7.5 Opposite Sides of Common Planie á ác S2 1y 1611111411171 1 11 11 01 KH ng TH TT HH Hưng 5 2.4.8 Lập ÏOITES Ăn ng HH 9011k Tá T111 T101 HT TH HH0 T TH HH Hư 5 2.4.8.1 Double-Eillet WW€ldS - các HH gì HH HH TH TH HH tá H01 11111 1H Hà HH TT KH 5 P.9 (00000009) e 5

2.4.8.3 Fillet Welds in Holes or SÏOES HH HH 4 01110110114111111414104 11 TT HH TH TH ng Hiện 5 2.5 Plug and Slot W€ÌdS HH 1111 1101111111111 T11 T HH TH TT HH Hi 5 PhhnhG on nnốốố ố ố ốc cố .ẻẽaa 5

2.5.2 Mimmum Spacing (Plug WGIdS) c2 112111 0111010111112 1111101 T TH TT HH0 12 t4 5 2.5.3 Minimum Spacing (Slot We]ds) HH HHHH01110111210111111111 1111 HH TH HT HH HH TH KH 5 2.5.4 Slot Ends nh 6

2.5.5 Prequalifled Dimen$iOnS ch 1 n111111110111010114111114 TT TH HT TH TH ưu 6 2.5.6 Prohibition 1n Q&T Sf€€], HH HH HH HT HT Tác HT HH HH HT HT HT TT HH yến 6 Phu vynh co on 6 A4 6

2.6 Joint Configuration ccc .ốố ốốố.ốốe 4 6

2.6.1 General Requirements for Joint De†aiÌS các cv 2x 2H HH HH TT TT key 6 2.6.2 Combinations Of Welds ng cố cố .ẢẦẢ 6

2.6.3 Wei.iš with Rivets Or BỌS ccc ch HH H.1111112111111211111111 111111 HH HT HH HH TH 01111 x2, 6 2.7 Beam End ConneCfOTS c0 1 11H TH Hà HT HT HT Hàn CC nu di 6 P5 an .:.:.:.'.: 6

Part B—Snecific Requirements for Nontubular Connections (Statically or Cyclically Loaded) 6

PM nh ốc cốc cố ốmaO.d 6

2.10 Allowable Stresses oo ố ẽa ố 6

“0h áo na cố 6 ố AT,DHRA: 6

2.111 General icc ccccecsssscssscesssesseceesecessecsseceseecsssessseesssssssecesssssecsssusasseaueesessucsssuaseseiasstsseesssescausuaseveseesasenseeenss 6 2.11.2 Proqualified Minimum Weld Size i ccccceeeesecsseessesnsesesesesesesscecssscscsesseesseassssssecassessesssrasesesescsseseetsensees 6 2.11.3 Elfective “ThrOat uc nhe H111 1101111111 011011111111 T TH HT KH TH H111 01111101111 1x5, 6 PS VÁP (cu na cố eẮ 6

2.12 Partial Length Groove Weld ProhibitiOn -ccc cá H 1111111 221 111010111011 H1 T HH HT HH Hy 7 PA K0 án 7

2.13.1 Eiller Plates Less than Í/4 in Sn 1y 112 1v 211121211 TH HT HH HH HH HT H10 1 Hết 7 2.13.2 Filler Plates 1/4 In or LATB€T SH 101111111 1 1 H1 HH HH TT TH HT TH HH Hy 8 P0 An §

2.14.1 Longitudinal Fillet Welds ố ố 8

2.14.2 Intermiitent Fillet WeÌdS ác HH H022 2111111 HH HT HH TH keo coceco 2.14.3 Corner and T-Joint ReinfOTC€TETL cv t v t2 212111 HH TT HT HT H111 01011 1x ng crk, § 2.14.4 In-Plane Center of Gravity LOAdInE tt cv nề HH HH HH HH ng HH HH0 111118111 S 1g Tre, 8 2.14.5 Instantaneous Center of Rotation cecccscesesessesescsescsssussssescsesesescssvesecsssscssssessssecsvsvsnsesssestssevesecavaene 8 2.15 Built-Up Members oo cố e 10

2.16 Maximum Spacing of Intermittent WeldS c t TH HH HH1 1H HH HH HT 010111 1xx rey 10 2.17 Compression MemeTS scce kh HH21211121111111 11111111010 TH HH TT HH HT TH HH TH 10 P XS Co 10

PC 0o nh ố.ố ố 10

2.20 Trans,:ions of Thicknesses and WId(HS§ ác HH n1 1n T111 HT HH TH 01110 H01 ry 10 Part C—Specific Requirements for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections ca 10 "2c nan 10 2.21.1 Symmetrical S€CLIONS TH HH H101 111 TH HH TT H 00111011 cec 12

xi

Contents

2.21.2 Angle Member cscesccessssssnssssessncssessssssssesssesssssssessssssusssusesssssuessssaussssssasssussssssessisssssssussssessecsescescescesee, 12 2.21.3 Continuous WEIS .cceesssecsscssessseessessesssessssessscsssesssssssessvesssssuscsessusssussavssssssussasssassasssipestsesecescesseseesve 12 2.22 Allowable Stresses .sc.csssscscsssssssnsesesnessessssssecsvessecsucssssssssussassussussassarsavssussasatesussssssssasssvestesassssseseececcesee, 12 2.23 Combined Str€sSS cv HH 110111 co 12 2.24 Cyclic Load Stress Range oo cccscsssssessesssssssecssecssesssscssecsavsssvessessessavssssssussssssustissssusesssssesusesecsesceveesecece 12 2.25 Corner and T-Joints ccscccesssecssessssessssssssecsssecssssessessssuccesuessusessusesuscsuusssvessisstisssasssassssusssassesecseeecescesecesece 12 2.25.1 Fillet Weld Reinforcement 0 ccccssssssssssssssoseesseessessssssssssucssessusssussnusssesaresssesssssssassessssssesiscssecescescescesee 12

2.25.2 Weld Arrangement .ccecssscssssesssesssecsssecsseccssecsssusessessssvsssasessusssusssasessusstusssusssressibsssssssisesaseseesessecseeesee 12

2.26 Connections or Splices—Tension and Compression MembeT .ssscsssssssesssssssessssssssessesesseeceeecesecceeeosee 12 2.26.1 RT or UT Requirements .scsessssessssssssssessscssssessessssssvesusesusssusssesssssstesssssssssevssvstusessssassescssecseceessesecees 12 2.27 Prohibited Joints and Welds .sescsssssssesssssssssesssesessecsavscsrseessesssusssavessusstsesssesssessassssbecsuvesescesceseeceseeees 12 2.27.1 Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds .cccssssssssesssssessessssesssessssesssssssestssesstecssssstsssssesaccsssecseeessecseecee 12 2.27.2 One-Sided Groove Welds cccscssessssssssesssessssescssersssssssssessucessvsssusssisssusasssesssssssssssssersesseessusseseceseceseees, 12 2.27.3 Intermittent Groove Welds .cscsesssescssscsssescssssssseessursssssssssesssesssssstiessissssusssssssssssissstecesiceeeecesecceseeeccece, 18 2.27.4 Intermittent Fillet Welds oo secsssssssssecsssseecsssescsssvssssvessssveccssassssuessiusssssesssisessssssstssssesssescestecsseecsee., 18 2.27.5 Horizontal Position Limitation ccccsessssecsssssesssssssssessusssssesssssssusssisesssesssssssessssssupesssccsseeeteecsseesecceececce 18 2.27.6 Plug and Slot Welds c2 222211 tr HH1 1tr 18 2.27.7 Eillet Welds < 3/16 in t2 HH HH1 1 reo 18 2.28 Fillet Weld Terminations .ccscsssssssssessssssssssssessssessssvsessusecssssessssesssisssssssssussssusestissssavecssiccesteecseccsseece, 18 2.29 Transition of Thicknesses and Widths .ccccccccsssssesssssessesessucsssscssesssusessssesssstsussstsssescstvesessesseceeceeseeeeccecec 18 2.29.1 Tension Butt-Joint Thickness .sccscssssssesssscsssussssesssseessusessussssesstssssusssssstasusstscsupessvesenecsieceeccessececcceee 18 2.29.2 Shear or Compression Butt-Joint Thickness ccc.cscccsssssssssesssssssessscssssessssesessessssescssuveosaseceseccesecceeeceeececes 18 2.29.3 Tension Butt-Joint Width s2 n1 2n 1 1 2 nhe 18

2.30.1 Intermittent Fillet Welds 0 ceccssssssssesssssessssessssssssssesesssssessssessssesssissssabssstessstecssusessueeseteesseeeeeeecceeccce, 18 2.30.2 ArTang€Tm€NI cà 1111021111 2111 TT 12 re 18 2.30.3 Single-Sided Welds ch 212221101 nghe 18 2.31 Connections or Splices in Compression Members with Milled Joints 5 SH 18 2.32 Lap JOInts .seessesecsesscoessescsssseessssusesessnsesssnessssssusscesssvsssssssussssssssessssasstsssssssssvesssavessatbsssssupessasessestecceseecceee, 19 2.32.1 Longitudinal Fillet Welds 2s: 22x 22L HH1 2 2t tre 19 2.32.2 Hole or Slot Spacing .c.csescsssesesssessssecsssssscssssssssssesssuvesstusearssatanssesssestassssesivsssbesssecessicesssesseeeceeeecc 19 2.33 Built-Up Sections .ssccccccsesscsssescssseseesssssssssssscssssssssesssssesssssevecarsusssssussssansssssssissssssstasivesssstecessivesceeecceese 19

2.34.1 Thickness and Width o ccseccscsecssssssssssesesssssesscsssvesssssuvsssssessesssnsasarssssssstissssivssesibesssiteecssseeesstesceseecccee 19

2.34.3 Terminal Fillet Welds .sccseccssssssssssessssssscssssssssssssssesesssssecsssassssssissssssisssssipessitessssieeeestieeeesecceeeccccc 20 Part D—Specific Requirements for Tubular Connections .ccssssssssscssssssssssesesesssssivecsessssesteeeeeeeceeseoeeeccce, 20

2.36 Allowable Stresses vu ch HH 0011 t0 1 ereerrrreereerrreerreeeeeeece 20 2.36.1 Base-Metal Stresses .cscsssssssssssssssssssuaseseseecssssssseresesssssssssevsssssssssssassessasssnsesesssistibesseesstnessecceesssseec 20 2.36.2 Circular Section Limitations 2c: 2222 c2 tt 00111122 20 2.36.3 Weld Stresses cu HH2 gas 20

2.36.5 Load and Resistance Factor Design .sssssssssssssssssssssssvsssssssusseesssstisssssssisssssstisssssssieseessieeeeecesececceeee, 23

2.36.6.1 Stress Range and Member Type csssesssssssssssssssssssssscssssusessssusessssussssssvssssivsssstepesttieseesseceeseeeceecccc 23

2.36.6.3 Basic Allowable Stress Limitation .ccccccsssssesssssssssssssssssnssssesessssssssssssssssasssavesssstivescessteeeeeeseccccec., 23 2.36.6.4 Cumulative Damage cv 2 2 1H n1 teen 23 2.36.6.5 Critical Members sssccsccssssesssssssusecseesntseseessssussssesssssusbessssssuussssassaussssassivsssisteestsiieesecsstieeeecceeeeccc 23 2.36.6.6 Fatigue Behavior Improvement .ccccssssssscssssssessesssssssvessssssusssssssssisusssssstivessstivessttieeeceeseseeeececeecc 23 2.36.6.7 Size and Profile Effects .sssccccssssssssscsssssssssessssusssesssssnsssssssasusvessssssssssssasssessasisessastevecsessseceectesececcc., 23

30

2.39.2.2 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration Groove Weld Details Welded from One Side without

Backing in T-, Y-, and K-Conmections .ccs.sssscssssssssssessosscsscsssssssvsssssssssssssassnsasnssssasasssisasiveveseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeecc 30

2.39.4 Circular Connection Lengths .ccccssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssstssssssuissatsasarssssisessssassssasasssetttteeeeeeese 31 2.3.5 lšox Connection Lengths cv 222222222221 TH re 32 2.39.5.1 K- and N-Connections v2 0222222 tt Heo 32 2.39 5 2 T-, ¥-, and X-Connections 2222 22th 0n

rrrereeC 32 2.40 Limitation of the Strength of Welded Connections scccsssssssssssssssssssssssssrsassessssiessssitsssssteseseesseeesceescc 32 2.40.1 Circular T-, ¥-, and K-Connections ccsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssusssssassasssasasssssassasastsssestesseeseeecese 32 2.40.1.1 Local Failure .csscscsssssesssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssssossssosssssistisstssmsnsasssansnsassstasssansasentasessatieseseceee

32 2.20.1.2 General Collapse .csccsssssssssssssssssesssssssssssesececcessessessssesssssssansnstanssasasasissasasatisieveseeseceeeestesteeeecc

34 2.40.1.3 Uneven Distribution of Load (Weld Sizing) các t2 021 n2 neo 34

2.0.1.5 Other Configuration and Loads HH2 re 34 2.0.1.6 Overlapping Connections :cccc 2222121222222 tre 35 2.40.2 Box T-, Y- and K-Connections 222 tt reo 35 2.0.2.1 Local Failure HH, 10 gas 35 2.40.2.2 General Collapse .ssccsessesssssssssssssssssssnassssssssssossnsssssissisitsuusmssssssassarsissatatetsetestieeec

36 2.40.2.3 Uneven Distribution of Load (Effective WIOHh) Q.2 HH HH HH HH HH Heo 36 Z.40.2.4 Overlapping ConnectiOns 112121122 treo 37 Z.40.2.5 Bending, HH HH

CC 37

Z :0.2.6 Other ConfiguratiOns v L2 222222 Hee 38 2.41 Thickness Transition .ssssssccsssscsssesssssssssssssessutsnusssssesssesssusmasssssssarsssssuuissssassstssseteeeeeeeeeiecc

38 2.4 Material Limitations HH 121 tr rrrrrrrrrrdesss 38

3 Prequalification @ƒ WPSS HH re

41 B.T SCOPE sseeeeseesessesseesssensssseseeinssteseeenissssessetsesunesnsnsteesssuissstessinssusnssssusunsstsseastussssiasssseeettiieeee

cc 41 3.2 Welding Processes HH ru

4I 3.2.1 Prequalified PToCesses co

4I 3.2.2 Code Approved ProCesses tt, tre 4] 3.2 Other Welding Processes cscsscsssssssssssesesstisssssssssssssiussnsnnasesssuuissiansnsiteteeeeeeee

4]

3.4 Engineer’s Approval for Auxiliary ConnectiONS co tt H1 eo 45 3.5 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirement 0 ccccsccccsssssssessesssscsssesssssssessesesseecereessccceee 45 3.5.1 Base Metal/Thickness Combination - c1 211tr

45

3.5.3 Alte:nate SAW Preheat and Interpass Temperatures 4 45

3.7.3 Weathering Steel Requirements .c.cecccsssesssessesseseresessesesceseesesssesesesesssssseseaeesassseseseessesessssvensacucseevanseees 48

3.7.3.1 Simgle-Pass Groove Welds .ccscsssssssscsesssssessesssesesecesvsvssensssaeescsssssssnessacscssesscscecscssscsessasacscsensasacatscseneneas 48

3.8 Common Requirements for Parallel Electrode and Multiple Electrode SAW .ccsccsccsssssesessseseesssnseceesees 48

K00, 20 an .ỐẦỖỐỖ 48

© 3.9 Fillet Weld Requirement .Ả 49

3.9.2 Details (Tubular) ác tk HH TH 1111111111155 1g 1k TH TT TH TT TH TT Tra, 49

3.9.3 Skewed T-JOints ng ố nnan 49

3.9.3.1 Dihedral Angle Limitations 0 cccccsssesesssssseseeseseesssssussesesseseeceacsesseseseasausseseeseesatscauscsasavacsvevsusecaaneases 49 3.9.3.2 Minimum Weld Size ch n2 11112111111121111212111111111101111 111 1 H100 0 111gr yc 49

3.10.1 Diameter LimitatiO'S cv vn H.1211121111211111111111110 011111110111 na 1 11g Hàn riệc 49

3.12.2.1 Minimum Prequalified Weld Sizes .cceccssssessessestessessessessecseesscsssssssssussesscsessesscssearestssusaseassesenseceeeers 51

3.12.4 Details (Tubular) ác HH 2121112111 T 0k Tá HT TT TH HT HH TH TH To, 51 3.12.4.1 Matched Box Connections .cscccecssssssesssssessesssesssssssnssusssesecsessssssesscstesssssacarsrsacatsacsssreansavsnensacaneesaees 88

3.13 Complete Joint Penetration Groove Weld Requirement ccccscssecssssessessssscessessessvesvssessesusssesavereeaeeees 88

3.13.1 Joint Dimensions ceececseseesesseesesssesessesscssessessesnsarscscsscsussusaucssssussessussssessvsutsusssacsucauesessesavancaveacees 88 3.13.2 J- and U-Groove PreparatiOn ác co tt 2121021221211 121.1111111 11T HH HT ray 88 KIESMA án 1 4 88 3.13.4 Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Conmections .ccccccccccsccssscssscsscsscsesssesssssssessscsavsssvassssesssessscsatscissevenesesecessececseceeee 93 3.12.4.1 Joint Defails ch 21101101.12 11H H1 1 1 111kg tre 93

“2 o ” 101

AD Gemeral 101 4.1.1 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) .ccccccsscsscssessesesscssssssesssssscsscsscavsnsarsavavsucarsusessusavasatateasavereaeve 101

4.1.1.2 Previous WPS Qualification -ccc c t2 HH HH HH TH HH T101 Ex xe se re 101

4.1.2 Performance Qualification of Welding Personnel - s sgk 21x11 111111511101 EEcExrreeg 101 4.1.2.1 Previous Performance Qualification .ccccccccsssseesessesesssesesccscsesscscscssovevevsvescacsvasacasasscacavssavevsvavecenens 101 4.1.2.2 Qualification Responsibility 2.0.0 ccccecccsessesssssesesssssesessssselscssccucsessesscsssccsnsansssasssacacausensueasusassusacanees 101 4.1.3 Period of Effectiveness .ccccccccccscscssccecescoecscsescsscscsecevavscssusessasacsesscaesesscssessssesecsecsens seceuceseeseseveseeceers 101 - 4.1.3.1 Welders and Welding Operators c.cccccsssssssssssscesecssossecsesscssecscescscsssucsrsussesesaveseacsesasasavstsansteatavanens 101 4.1.3.2 Tack Welders 102 4.2 Common Requirements for WPS and Welding Personnel Performance Qualification .ccccccccccssceseeeseees 102

XỈV

Con:ents

FVÄN® hìn si no 05 c5 nh 102

' nh e 102

(con ố ẻ ẻ 102

V99 9À na ốc cố ốe 102

Part B—Welding Procedure Specification W PŠ) nh HH HH TH kg HH HH HH HH 102 4,3 Production Welding Positions QualIfI€d sàn HH HH HH HH TH HH HH 102 4.4 Type of Qualification 'Ï€SES ch ngàng HH TH HH HT TT HT TT H1 HT HH Hà 102 CS (i0) 09021000000 0n nh 102

930 0 00A .1 102

4.7 co ch ố ố 102

4.7.1 SMAW, SAW, GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW ceeerrrrrrarrrrrrrrrrrrsră T02 ~.7.2 Electroslag and Electrogas Welding sc th HH HH TH HH HH HH CC KT 105 F8 2/209 0n e 105

4.3 Miethods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for WPS QualiÍ1CALION ác Hà 105 4.8.1 Visual ÏnspeCHON - ác LH HH HH HH HH HT KH TH TH HH HH HH TH HH TH 3g 107 “1V (06 V1 1077 107

1 n3 c0 107

4.8.2.2 RT or UT Acceptance CTII€TIA -c c - c4 LH HH HH HH nh HH ĐH HT KH 108 4.8.3 Mechanical Testing ác ch ng TT HT KT Tàn HH HH TT HH HT cv kế 108 4.8.3.1 Root, Face, and Side Bend SpDe€CIm€NS SH HH HH TH KH pH 108 4.8.3.2 Longitudinal Bend SpeCHTN€TS L0 TH nHn Hy HH TH TH TH TH 123 4.8.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for Bend Tests ốc ố 123

4.8.3.4 Reduced-Section Tension SD€CII€TS cà k HcHnH HH HH TH ng HH HT TH ng 125 4.8.3.5 Acceptance Criterla for Reduced-Section Tension 'TeSÍ án HH HH HH HH Hết 125 2.8.3.6 AII-Weld-Metal Tension Sp€CIT€N cá s0 nh TH nh TH HH HH ng TH KHE 125 c5 6/0 0n 125

4.8.4.1 Acceptance Criteria for Macroetch 'TES( ch HH HH HH Hàng HH ng 125 "na .eeee 128

4.9 Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds for Nontubular ConneCtIOIS cà se eeve« 128 4.9.1.1 Corner or Í~ÏOITS ác án TH HT TH Hà HT TH Hà HH HT Tà TH HH Tà ngàn 128 4.10 Pertial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds for Nontubular ConnectiOnS cv Hee 128 4.10.1 Type and Number of Specimens to be TeSf€Ở - - - k2 TT HT HH HT HH HH 128 4.10.2 Weld Size Verification by MaCrOe€(CH SH HH Hàn TH TH TH HT HH TH ĐH TH 128 4.10.3 Verification of Complete Joint Penetration Groove WPS by Macroetch - che 128 4.10.4 Other WPS Verifications by MacrOeftCh HH HH TT HH KH ng kệ 128 CN hy 6u 2G 0n 128

4.11 Eillet Weld Qualiication Requirements for Tubular and Nontubular ConnectiOns -c.cec 128 4.11.1 Type and Number of Specimens 00 cố 128

1đ 820) 0A na .e 129

4.11.3 Consumables Verification Test cố cố 129

4.12 Complete Joint Penetration (CIP) Groove Welds for Tubular Connections .ccccccssesseereetsereenteeereens 129 4.12.1 Complete Jọnt Penetration (CJP) Butt Joints with Backing or Backgouglng -«csc«ccccecsec 129 4.12.2 Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Butt Joints without Backing Welded from One Side Only 129

4.12.3 T-, Y-, or K-Connections with Backing or BackEgOUEITE ác nh ng Hành HH ret 129 4.12.4 T-, Y-, or K-Connections without Backing Welded from One Side ƠnÌy ào re 129 4.12.4.1 WPSs without Prequalifiled Sta†US - cu HH ng HH HH ng TH HH TH nhàn HH th 129 4.12.4.2 Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in a T-, Y-, or K-Connection WPS with : Dihedral Angles Less than 30 DegBT€€S - LH HH Hà TH Hàng TH Hà ân HH HH TT Ti, 133 4.12.4.3 Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in a T-, Y-, or K-Connection WPS Using GMAW-‘S 135 4.12.4.4 Weldments Requiring Notch Toughness 0 cc ccecccssccsesetecetesserseeecseseseseseeceecaeesaeseecsasseeaveesaeseeeseees 135 4.°3 PJP Tubular T-, Y-, or K-Connections and Butt Joints .ccccec cece ce cccccecesenscetsseceececrseecersvsssntnennavageeas 135 4.i4 Plug and Slot Welds for Tubular and Nontubular ConneCfIOTS cuc chà này 135 4.15 Welding Processes Requiring QualiÍ1CAtiON ng HH TT HT HH TT TT TH Hy 137 4.15.1 ESW, EGW, GTAW, and GMAWSS 20 cuc ch HH Tàn TH TT TT HH TT HT Hà HH1, 137

XV

4.18 Gemeral .//4Ả.^ỐẢ 137

4.18.1 Production Welding Positions Qualified 0.0.0 cen cssseessessesessceseeseeseesesseesesessuesensesseasseseasseseseacseseseeees 137

4.18.1.2 Welding Operators oo ec eescsscnsssesececsserssesssecsesecseseescsesessesseessssascesssscssscesscsesecaesesessesnversasenssceaes 137 4.18.1.3 Tack Welders .ccccccccccescsecessesesscescesescsseecseseesensveseceesasacesseenessesessasaesscsssecasssesasassassesesscseassasesesersuees 137 4.18.2 Production Thicknesses and Diameters Qualified .ccccccessscsescscesesscescesscsssecescascsevacsecsecsssscsacracenss 137 4.18.2.1 Welders or Welding Ôp€FAfOFS Án HE HH HT TT HT HT Hà TH HT 0T HH HH 137 4,18.2.2 Tack Welders ooo ố .4aăda 137 4.18.3 Welder and Welding Operator Qualification Through WPS Qualification co kcccc 137

4.19.1 Welders and Welding Op€TAfOTS - ác S11 1T121111111 1101111111111 1 1H11 TT HH TT TH TH HT 143 4.19.1.1 Substitution of RT for Guided Bend 'TesfS cát nà ch HH nn TH HT TT 143 4.19.1.2 Guided Bend 'TeSiS HH H9 4112 01141018114 0111 T1 TH HH HT TH TT TH HT TH 143 4.19.2 Tack Welders HH(( acCdễaÝcầảddảảảadaada4ỶÝỶÝÝÝỶ 143 L0 0nc00) 0 143 4.20 Weld Types for Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification cccccecercecec 148 4.21 Preparation of Performance Qualification FOrms .:.ccsssssssssssesessecseecesesesssescscsesesssessecscansessecsesescsescaees 148

4.23 CJP Groove Welds for Nontubular ConnecfÏOfIS., cán c HT TH HH0 1111111111110 01111101 se 150 4.23.1 Welder Qualification PÏaf€S - ĐT HH HH TH HH TH ng HT KH HH1 HT HH1 cay 150 4.23.2 Welding Operator Qualification Plates for ESW/EGW .c.ccccccscsssssssessssscsssssscssscssarscsteneavevsessersanensees 150 4.24 PP Groove Welds for Nontubular ConneCfÏOPS các ng 1410211110151 1156 112k ke 150 4.25 Fillet Welds for Nontubular Conn€CtiOIS 1 tt nàn HH TH TH 150 4.26 CIP Groove Welds for Tubular ConnectiORS 5c c n 24t n1 Hành TH TT TT TT T111 căc 150 4.26.1 Other Joint Details Or WPSS nh ố.ố 151 4.27 PJP Groove Welds for Tubular ConnectIOTS Án 1111111151111 ng E5 re 152 4.28 FiHet Welds for Tubular Conn€CtÏOTS cá ch cà HH HH TH HT HT Tà TH TT TT ty 152 4.29 Plug and Slot Welds for Tubular and Nontubular ConnectiOnS s5 s SH ng 152 4.30 Methods of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Welder and Welding Operator Qualification 152 LUIIN/ l nnnố 152 4.30.2 Macroetch “T€S cu 1c 1H HH TH SH ng ng ung cay L9 119 1 k1 T1 vn TH ng 152 4.30.2.1 Plug and Fillet Weld Macroetch “T€SfS cà Là HH HH HT TH nh TH HH Hàn TH ey 152 4.30.2.2 Macroetch Test for T-, Y-, and K-ConnectiOnS ác có cn ng HT E211 Tre 152 4.30.2.3 Macroetch Test Acceptance CTIf€Tii - các cát HT KT TH TH TH nh HT HT TT HH T ng cg 152 4.30.3 RadiographiC “T€SÍ : cá HỖ HH HH HH TH TH TT TH TT TH ng 1x Lr 152 4.30.3.1 Radiographic Test Acceptance CTIT€TIA cành Tàn TT 1 11H11 1110111111 1 kg re 153 4.30.4 Fillet Weld Break “Tes( ác Q Q LH LH HH HH E1 rey 153 4.30.4.1 Acceptance Criteria for Fillet Weld Break Test .0.c.cccccssssccssscscssseseseccrscecaracsececesssscssssstsescsecacaeens 153 4.30.5 Root, Face, and Side Bend Specimens c.ccscccssscssssssssssecsscssssccesvaveccarscacsessesassssessesscavseaeassacsecsenes 153 4.31 Method of Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Tack Welder Qualification -ss cv rrsrerrre 153 4.31.1 Visual Acceptance Criteria ccc ecccscsessssssssessssssssssnssessssssssievssssssssssssscsuesvsvevevsneseacarsucaversvansasatarsseeses 153 4.31.2 Destructive Testing Acceptance CTIf€TIA các ST Tàn HH1 151015 0111111171111 11 111511115114 153

4.32.1 Welder and Welding Operator Retest RequireImenI9 á- c cọ HH HT Ha HT Ha 153 4.32.1.1 Immediate Ret€Si ác HHH111141411 1 11 1n HH H111 11118 c4 153 4,32.1.2 Retest After Further Training or Practice cccccccccccccccssscssseccscssssacsceecessvstsesesauscsssavavasseacuesusacacaeeaees 153 4.32.1.3 Retest After Lapse of Qualification Period of Effectiveness .c.c.ccccccccccccscsssscsesseccecsesescacsedanacseeusns 153 4,32.1.4 Exception—Failure of a Requalification Retest .0 :.cccccccssssssssssescecseccscsssescscscscscsvansesvasvessesveveveeees 153

Xvi

Contents

4.32.2 Tack Welder Retest Requirement .ccecccecsesssessessesesssesescscscsescsnseecasssesssscecscsesuvevecscavavsssnavavevavanscae 153 4.32.2.1 Retest without Additional Training ccccssscsssssessescsssssecsessscsessssscsescessnsesssesacasscasassceverererseatsanens 153 4.32.2.2 Retest After Further Training Or PTACLIC€ cà Q2 HH HH TH HH HH no HE go 153

2.] ĐO HH HH HT HH HH HH HH1 18111 ĐH HH T100 T001 115 011kg cXc 155

lo 1n ốc ố 155 5.2.1 Specified Base Metal c0 H1111110112 11 10111 ngu TT 101111111 ng 155 5.2.2 Base Metal for Weld Tabs, Backing, and ŠSPAC€TS tt TQ TH TH 11H TH kệ 155 5.2.2.1 Weld Tabs 155

5.3.2.1 Low-Hydrogen Electrode Storage CondiLiOnS cccc n TH H HH H111 11111111 110 xce 155 5.3.2.2 Approved Atmospheric Time PeriOds c cSt tt H1 HH HH HH HH H128 re 156 3 2.3 Alternative Atmospheric Exposure Time Periods Established by TeS1S ác non ng eryey 156 3.3.2.4 Baking EÌÏeCfFOđ€S HH HH.1121111211111 1111 1g HH Tag trà, 156 5.4.2.5 Electrode Restrictions for ASTM A514 or A517 Ste€l§ c1 11111 511111111102 11 knerererec 156 3.3.3 SAW Electrodes and F]UX€S các LH n1 1n g1 HH yey 156 5.3.3.1 Electrode-Flux Combination Requirem€niS cv HH HH HH HH ryếy 156 5.3.3.2 Condition GŸ ÍFÏUX ác tt H12 11211212110111 1 11111111 211 ng 1x1 11H H11 HT TT tế, 156 5.3.3.3 Flux ReclamatfÏOn co th 11 KH H111 nao HH TH HH 111 y0 157

(29.02 06 aAđH|:LLLL 157 5.3.4.1 1 ow-Alloy Electrodes for GMANW, Q.0 n HH HH HH HH TT 5112 treo, 157 9.3.4.2 Low-Alloy Electrodes for FCAW, 122 1n H111 se 157 5.3.5 GTAW <⁄Ắ 157

PS V0 án il.'4'4/4444444444444‹i'':ää.ỶÝỶÝỶ 157 3.4 Electroslag and Electrogas Welding PTOCESS€S ch HT HH HH nu 157 5.4.1 Process LINHTALIOTS cv th 0 e1 1g 251111 HH HE HH crey 157

3.4.3 Condition oŸ FÏuX ác sec 1111111012101 1111101111011 1 T111 TEEc na sec 157 TÀI, Phi cho hiđadaadadadiiiidầái:Ý 157

Sa rCAaaađađađaadaa 157

5.4.7 Weathering Steel ReQUIT€T€TIES 1 2L t1 112211110 HH TH TH H1 HH HT Hs cớ 158

5.6 Preheat and Interpass Temp€rafUT€S coc co 2t HH 1212111111111 11111111 E11 erryeo 158 5.7 Heat Input Control for Quenched and Tempered Steels - -cctnn vn E1 111511151121211 1E Eeeer tre, 158 5.8 Stress-Relief Heat 'TreatINeI - St 2 S121 112112121121 0121 21211111 1101111111211 5Eeceerrsey 158 5.8.1 ÑeQUIT€T€TIS St H111 1111111111111 11T 10111 1111111111111 T111 ctrsờy 158 3.8.2 Alternative PWHT c2 H1 111011111 11111101 na HH1 1E 5E ereeersey 159 5.8.3 Steels Not Recommended for PWHTT c2 c HH n1 11111111 HH He, 159 5.9 Backing, Backing Gas, Or ÏnS€FHS à àTTHT HH1 211111111111 E HH He HH na 159

hon on co 159 3.10.2 Full-Length Backing c tì 2t n2 2n 11121 n1 T1 ren rcey 159

XV

Contents

5.10.3 Backing Thickness 00.0 eesesssesssesescsssessscsssecsescsescsesssssesssusvessssssssesssssessgusecececersuussessssavstacstasecscseseees 159 5.10.4 Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections .cccccscssssesesscssssssessssscsscsssnscavsnsssacacseceessstsesasavareesececavees 159 5.10.4.1 External Attached Backing .cccsssssssssscssssssssssessecsscscsssssesestsessassussessvavsvarsssvssassusesseasasansesesevesessees 159 5.10.5 Statically Loaded Connections cccecssesssssssesescesescsesscsvsesscsssssecsvavsssusassnsusesesaravstsusacarsvsusatssarsnsessvavace 159 5.11 Welding and Cutting Equipment .cccccssssssescsssesssscsescscscsssssesssssesvessvsesssaussasavasasasnasacasavessssvavsvssesenes 159

5.12.1 Maximum Wind V€lOClEy ác HH HH HH TH HH H0 01 0x11 TT 1E HH net 160 5.12.2 Minimum Ambient TemperAfUTC o6 - s 4 t2 1224211111111 21211 1111111111 1111111115111 155 11 E1xcxcrrrree 160 5.13 Compliance with Design cá cá LH LH HH HH ng cày L141411Á 91 TH TT HT HH 160 3.14 Minimum Eillet Weld SiZ€§ cv 1121110 kg ng HT HH TT HH Hàn Hee 160 5.15 Preparation of Base Metal cc ccesesesscsessssestssssesesscssenssesescssssssvssscessusecscasssssecesscasarsesaravavsesscseeesavsvees 160 5.15.1 Mill-Induced Discontinuities 0.00.0 cccccscssessssssssssesssessssecssssssecscsessesssasucavsesassussssnsusstsarsussssrcacerssesseseess 160

5.15.1.1 Acceptance Criteria scccssseesssessssssssssuecssssssssssscssssccsssesssussssssvcssvessssecesaucsssecsrsnsessaseessacstasisesasvee 161

5.15.2 Joint Preparation .c.ccccescescssessesssecssesessseseenssessesaesussseussesssecsescesssnsasessssusessssacausarsesersucansarsrsassecsensens 161

5.15.3 Material Trimming cs esceesesesecessesessesssussssessesesssesssscsvsncavavsesusaveceseesasasausnensacavaucseseestasavsvarsevevavees 161 5.15.4 Thermal Cutting Processes c.ccssssssssssssssssesescscssssssssssvsssssvsvececevsvssavsneoesevasararsserssassscisasevasevasavenevesanese 162 5.15.4.1 Other PTOC€SS€S HH HH 1011212111 21111 0n T111 1E gen reo 162 5.15.4.2 Profile ACCULACY 0 ố ố ố ốe qiã.n ng 162 5.15.4.3 Roughness Reduir€Im€nS -s-c+c t2 1111 11011101111 1111111111111 E1 nen 162 5.15.4.4 Gouge or Notch LimifafiOIS cv cà cà HH 2 21 10H HH 1111011111111 E1 EEEE tre 162 5.16 Reentrant Comers .cecceccccccsesscsescsessesssesscassssssesessssssssscscesssucsssucscsucsrsessusasatsucassasavaneavareateseaareessscsvseeess 162 5.17 Beam Copes and Weld Access Holes c.ccsccsssssssssssessescssescssssecsessesssavsnssvsrsavsusassusssstencasseaveasacassesesesseece 162 5.17.1 Weld Access Hole DimensiOns 5c n1 2 1 TH TH HT 1211011811111 Tre 162 5.17.2 Group 4 and 5 ShapeS cà 1n g0 0101 TH HH HH 1121111111110 Error nen 162 5.18 Temporary and Tack Welds - cà tt t 221211211 12111111111 111111111111111.1121 T11 EEEEEEEEEEEEereerrree 163 5.18.1 Temporary Welds 0 c.cccscecsssessessesseessescsssscsessescssessessesesosssavsensissusuuansassusucavsasavavsisassacsutavasescersaneasees 163 5.18.2 General Requirements for Tack Welds cssccssssessssessesssssessscescsessesrssvsevsnsessrsesacsusesansavascatsecsesssavsessmees 163 5.18.2.1 Incorporated Tack Welds csccssscsessescssssssssssesessssssecssssssscsscsssassnssesrsarercacsustcarsesanaccsesissvareevestassecess 163 5.18.2.2 Additional Requirements for Tack Welds Incorporated in SAW Welds ccccccccccccsccsssecssescesecssessesees 163 5.8.2.3 Nomincorporated Tack Welds .cccccssssssssssssssesessessesecsesvestsreeverssusansusaversusasstessaresssscsesitsucsssesavaneavece 164 5.19 Camber in Built-Up Members cccccscesscsssscsvescsssscecsssscssesveseevevsusaravsssesssssacarsasasassvasesessessssavavessesevaees 164

5.19.2 COrrectiOn s.cecccscesecessessscssssssesessesseseessuesssssssesessesussesecsscassecsssucsssussecaususassesacsvansavarsavareasssssucrssesssanseveee 164 5.20 Splices in Cyclically Loaded Structures .ccccescssessssssscsssccssssecatsesevssssssesansasassusseaesescsesesseussesessssevavees 164 5.21 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage .ceccsssessessessessecsecssssssscsscsscssesscsersssseussucsesscarsaveacsesessessrssecereaves 164 5.21.1 Procedure and Sequence 0 eeccsessssssesssessssesscscsescsssusasasassacaratavsatasasstsavasasussssavssassusiveseustsevevesescecesecs 164 S.21.2 S€QU€nCINB tt 22111111 1121111 111111 1111 1111111 Hee Hee 164 5.21.3 Contractor ResponsibilitY ĩc ng HH H111 0111 111 TH nen treo 164 5.21.4 Weld Progression .cccccesecssessssssssssesceecscsvsvssssssscecssusstevsesacassususavavsssusasavasessassessasstsasescusicivavevercesscess 164 5.21.5 Minimized Restraint cccccsseessesessscssesscscssvssssnsevsussesncessavsesessusasecausesaeersavsnsseassssesseseussseeseveneeees 164 5.21.6 Subassembly Spices ccss ccc ccesessssssstcscssssscsssesscsssnssesusasavessscdsassssasavarsasavapsvtssseavssasassseiseusavavecaveececerees 164

5.21.7 Temperature Limitations oo cececessssessessssessesessssscscsvcessassvsassucsussestsneascssavsreaesesscsscussucsssssaanseneeseveece 164

5.22 Tolerance of Joint DiMeNsions 0.00.0 sssesessessessessecscsseasessessssscssssvsevssessseuesecsussssussusscasanecsessessssessececes 164 5.22.1 Fillet Weld Assembly oo cccsccsssssssesesessssesscssssessssscstsnesssessussssasansesssssssucssavsseavssessatsepsteaersetsaversecesesce 164

5.22 1.1 Faying Surface .sescscsscsssessssssssssesseesessesesesseessessssonssssesssssssassssssesuesaussussucsussussasassaressecrerssesavsacseesenss 165

5.22.2 Partial Joint Penetration Groove Weld Assembly .c cccccscccscccsssssessssecsessessssssssscrcoveseevestsusevercesencesees 165 5.22.3 Butt Joint ẠignniT€TI tt tt HH ng 12111111 1111111111515 TT ra 165 5.22.3.1 Girth Weld Alignment.(TubuÌ4T) cán ST HT HH HH HỆ TH 165 5.22.4 Groove DimenSiOn - ch v11 11 11 1117 kh Ha HH TT nghe 165 5.22.4.1 Nontubular Cross-Sectional Variations .ccccscssescsessccscsessssssssesscsesscsesseavessavssesssesesssessesseeseavssaeree 165 5.22.4.2 Tubular Cross-Sectional Variations c.cccccesscssessesssssessescsssevececsessssssesessusacsssrsascaccsecesseserverseusareases 165 5.22.4.3 COLTOCHON ccescsecsecsssesssssesseseessseesscussscsssssssecusasessscssssssussnssucsessusssessssasiesssaussesissrsssessiecevestertarsaveatesse 165 5.22.4.4 Engineer’s Approval .c.cccsssssssessesssssssvesessuesvesussucsussessussussvsessasenesuscucsssausasssssutavsssarecevsrcateasaververves 165

XvIl

Contents

2.22.5 Gouged GTOOV€S c1 12H Han tre 165 5.22.6 Alignment Methods - -sc tì t2 HH 11111211 tre 165 5.23 Dimensional Tolerance of Welded Structural MembePs .c cccccsccsssessessessssssessessssesrssseeseesseetceceeseocccsces, 165 5.23.1 Straightness of Columns and Trusses .cccsesssssssesssssessesssssuesssesecsuesuessssaarsarsssssssasssvesessessaceetsecesceccees 166 5.23.2 Beam and Girder Straightness (No Camber Specified) 0 cccccscsssccsscessssessessssssscsssstsssssesesseseeseeces 166 5.23.3 Beam and Girder Camber (Typical Girder) .0 ccccsscescsssesssssssssressesseasessessessssssssssteseetteeeeeeceesceceeseceec 166 5.23.4 Beam and Girder Camber (without Designed Concrete Hauntch) ccccccsccccssssscseceeecersessacsceaseaseseves 167 5.23.5 Beam and Girder SWeep t2 HH H2 1n nen 167 5.23.6 Variation in Web FÏatness tt cọ n1 1101211221 treo 167 5.23.6.1 MeasureIme€nfS ch 0 n1 nen 167 5.23.6.2 Statically Loaded Nontubular Structures s12 2110 1 11 c1 168 5.23.6.3 Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Structures .c cccccccssssssessessssesseessesssesssesecssessssssesiseseeesesesteceeceseescecee 168 5.23.6.4 Excessive DisfOrtÍON c2 2n H1 1 01 te 168 5.23.6.5 Architectural Consideration 0.0 ccccsesssssssssssssssssssusssessusesssssssestestissrsssusssessusssesisesussisesteetecescesceccecse 168 5.23.7 Variation Between Web and Flange Centerline .0 cccccscssssssssssessessssssesssssssssesigssessevesseeeseeeseeececcccsen 168 5.23.8 Flange Warpage and Tilt .se.ccccsssssssssseessseecosscsssssssusssusessesssssessssesussasesssusssssssssssstecserecsseceesecseecsece 168 5.23.9 Depth Variation HH H110 11 1 treo 168 5.23.10 Bearing at Points of Loading o ceecccccssecsssscsseessseesssscsrsessussssusssssssusstissssssssessssssesssiessscesseceeteeseeceece 168 5.23.11 Tolerance on Stiffeners ccecsesssesssssesssesssessssessuesssssavesusssussarsssissississstssaseesseatespeseesieeeseceeseseeccc 169 5.23.11.1 Fit of Intermediate Stiffeners -cs HT TH 0112211 1E net 169 5.23.11.2 Straightness of Intermediate Stiffeners ác tt 2 2T TH Hee 169 5.23.11.3 Straightness and Location of Bearing Stiffeners so on on S2 nghe 169 5.23.11.4 Other Dimensional Tolerances .cccscecssssssesssesssesssesssesssessessssssusssussssesustrassasstesspessvestsesseeeceseeescesce 169 5.24 Weld PTOfiles ch 101112 11 121g reo 169 5.24.1 Fillet W€lds HH 1x1 ren Hee 169

5.24.4 Groove or Butt W€lds, cv c2 n1 112 Hee 169 3.24.4.1 Flush SurfaC€S cu 221 11 nga treo 169 5.24.4.2 Finish Methods and Values :-csc 2t H222 reo 169 5.25 Technique for Plug and Slot Welds s56 se k1 271151112111111C2EEEEEEE treo 169

` 169 S.25.1.1 Flaf POSition H2 tre Hee 169 5.25.1.2 Vertical PositiOn cv 2 t2 HH treo 169 3.25.1.3 Overhead Position tt 111221 gen eo 171 b5 4 171

5.26.1 Contractor OpLÏOTS cv 2 x2 112221 221 111111 test 171 5.6.1.1 Overlap, Excessive Convexity, or Excessive Reinforcement nhe 171 5.26.1.2 Excessive Concavity of Weld or Crater, Undersize Welds, DndeTCU[EINE à co 171 5.26.1.3 Incomplete Fusion, Excessive Porosity, or Slag Inclusions sccccsscscsssecscevesessecsvecesecceseceesececes 171 5.°6.1.4 Cracks in Weld or Base Metal .cccccccssesssssesscsssssssssesssssessnssssstessasscsasisesssessstpssasetsecestecesseceeveeceecece., 171

5 26.2 Localized Heat Repair Temperature Limitations .cccscssesssssessssessssesssssssssesssssesecesseccesseseesceescecece 171

5.26.3 Engineer’s Approval .:sccssssssssesssusecsssecssescsssecssssesssssscssssssarsessussssissssssessatesrasestatessuuessecestecesseceecces 171

5.26.4 Inaccessibility of Unacceptable Welds sec t1 11221 n1 neo 171 5.26.5 Welded Restoration of Base Metal with Mislocated Holes SH 171 bu 7a1 172 b7 C5714 TỪ 172 hs 172 l5 -4 172

172 5.9.1 In-Process Cleaning os seccsessseesseessssssnsessscssussessesssvessnecsusessvessuasssvesssussrsesssssssesinsusvesteceseceececeeeeecc., 172 5.30.2 Clcaning of Completed Welds 2c 22th 2 Hee 172

XIX

Contents

5.31.1 Use of Weld Tabs 0 ceccccssscecsesseseessecnesesseseseessnsnensssessavessssiessassuasasseseseseseseseessesessecesucecssacscavanevasans 172

5.31.2 Removal of Weld Tabs for Statically Loaded Nontubular Structures .c:cccccccccessssessssssecussesecees 172 5.31.3 Removal of Weld Tabs for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Structures ccccccccccesssesesesscessseseeenes 172 5.31.4 Ends of Welded Butf JOin{S cành T41 1210111118111 0111111 T HH TT HH HT HH Tàn 172 , - h n 173 Part A——General R€QtÏT€IT€TIES Gà 1111111 11411111 2 14 11113 TT TH TH HT HT TH TH TH HT răp 173

6.1.1 Information Furnished to BIdđe€rs - c1 21 111111011111 11121812111111 1E T TT 173 6.1.2 Inspection and Contract StipulatiOIiS - sSt 2n 11121111 1112112151711 011111221 TT ng 11 cx rec 173 6.1.2.1 Fabrication/ET€CHION co tt H011111111111111111111 11111 TT TT TH in 173 6.1.2.2 cớ ) nnn 1ẰẠỶẳýỘộộỲAŸẴÊẴĂÄ4 173 6.1.3 Definition of InspectOr Caf€EOTÍS tình TH 11114011111 1011 1T K ng TT HT ng rryc 173 6.1.3.1 Fabrication/Erection ÏnSP€CTOT óc -S+ 2.22111011110211 1 HH HT 1n H121 T n1 111506 173

6.1.4.1 Bases for Qualification - c2 218111111010111111 1 TH HH TH HH H125 125 1 TT 173 6.1.4.2 Term of EffeCiV€T€SS on càt HH 111121111121 H10 1c TH HH HH 1E cty 173

6.1.4.4 Eye ExaminatiOn tt HH 111141111121 111101 HH HH TT HT TT HT T1 g1 H1 sec 174 6.1.4.5 Verification AuthOTÏtY cv tt 12 TH 111211101111 1g can HH TT 11111111111 1 1e 174 6.1.5 Inspector ResponSibilitY ch 1111121 c1 111 TH HH TT HT TT HH ng 174 6.1.6 Items to be Furnished to the ÏnSP€CfOT 4 1v S21 111 TH 10101121 HH HH HT HH HH ch rờc 174 6.1.7 Inspector NotIfication tì HH1 111 111111 Hu T111 2E rey 174 6.2 Inspection Of Materials cscssesesssssssesssssscscssssesesccscscssesssssesscscevsveavevssucavaseucacaracansasetstsusieavasseracseaers 174 6.3 Inspection of WPSs and Equipment c.ccccccssscccsscscssseseesssseccsessseevssscscssacsvacscesseneseesecacaratatavacacacsesescavane 174

=2 — 174

6.3.2 Welding EquipImeni ‹- c2 21121111111111111 111111111117 01E 1117151111101 T11 1111 1E TH rực 174 6.4 Inspection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications .0.c.c.ccccccssscssessssssesestcesesceveee 174 6.4.1 Determination of Qualification .cccccccsccsscccscscssscssssscscscsescscscacscessasasassssesssaesssusasascssessasssasecssecvavavesee 174 6.4.2 Retesting Based on Quality of WOFK cà v21 21212211102 11121 1 T11 1111111111011 21511 se 174 6.4.3 Retesting Based on Certification ExpiratiOn - ch HH Hàng HT HH 111181 cty 174 6.5 Inspection of Work and R€COFS So ST HH HH 010111011101 15H10 1x re 174 6.5.1 Size, Length, and Location of Welds .- -ccH nh HT HH 11T 1T 111 EEEg E HH Hee se re 174

=2 — 174

6.5.3 Electrode Classification and Sage . c2 HH HH HH 110 11 H11 1811x111 1x1 erceo 174 6.5.4 Scope of ExaminatiONs -. chà HH th 1111111121011 1111 re 174 6.5.5 Extent Of ExaminatiOI - 2t t1 t1 11 112141121211111111 0121111111 1 1T 1x E111111111121111101 118151 cece 174 6.5.6 Inspector Identification of Inspections Performed ccntct H TS TH 10101111151 11s reo 174 6.5.7 Maintenance bu hhaaaiaiâiaiadỶỀ.ÊÝÝÝÝ 175 Part B—Contractor ResponsIbi]itÏ€§ tt 2 1x 21H12 11111111 2111x111 11c cr co 175 6.6 Obligations Of the COTIFACOT cv v 12112111221 111 11112121 111 11111111515 1151111E5EEE TT 175 6.6.1 Contractor Responsibi]itl€S ch HH HH rreeeeeoce ẤN KH HH HH, 175 6.6.2 Inspector Ñequ€SỂS n2 1n 12211 101111 gn 11 111112111212 S1 1xx eerersrree 175 6.6.3 Engineering ÏudgmenL + ccnt cv t2 1 211112111 1 TH 1111111111111 cEcrsceo 175 6.6.4 Specified Nondestructive Testing Other Than VisualL ch HH HH 1111111181111 15515 EErrerrrei 175 6.6.5 Nonspecified Nondestructive Testing Other Than Visual cccccsscsscsscesecessssescscsesessesesessecesveseseavevees 175

Part C— Acceptance Criteria .ccceesecsssesessesescsesesseseesssescsnsseseessssecesecsvsvsucnsavesssesesarasavseseravarsusassnssecsvavees 175

6.7 SCOPE .sssessessssesseseesesenvenesnesesussesecsesvssseussessssssscseeusussusnssssnsssssesessssessecssssusasecsesevavassassndevsesessnsaecatavevsecarearees 175 6.8 Engineer’s Approval for Alternate Acceptance Criteria .c cccccssescessescsssccssesveesesnsessesacascecsuceeareacsreseeseeee 175 6.9 Visual Inspection .sesseseesecsesesesssssscseserssessseeseenssescaesnssusassscsssesascscsessesucsssussesucaraveassrsesersecsesatauesesasersusavane 175 6.10 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing .c.cccccsssscscssscsssssesesersesessescsesessseseaesescsesussesssssesseevens 175 6.11 Nondestructive Testing .cccesecsesesessssssssescssencsesessssssssusssssscessusevsvavesensenseserssacasasassssavssaressacarsessessenees 175

XX

Contents

6.11.1 Tubular Connection Requirements ccccccccccsssssssssscsescscsssssecsescscassenseevevessceuvevsssavavassssevavacssscinsssasenes 177 6.12 Radiographic Inspection oo ssseseeesssesesssssescssesessssesesessevescecscsssscsvsucecsuansesacavsuaveesusesisasesasasasctacavsvase 177 6.12.1 Acceptance Criteria for Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections .ccccccccscscsssssssecscecececeessecsvece 177 G.12.1.1 Discontinuities ắ Ăš&Ă& 177 6.¡2.1.2 Illustration of RÑequir€IT€TILS cv 1v 11 11112121 t2 H1 HH TH HH1 Hs nu 177 6.12.2 Acceptance Criteria for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections .ccccccccsccessssssesessesesvesesesesseeees 177 6.12.2.1 Tensile Stress Welds cccccecessssesseeesseessecessessssueassueseesssessesssstsessssursesscsssavsvsavessessssnsassessnsatsreacavanens 177 6.12.2.2 Compressive Stress Welds .cccccecessesessscscesseseenssssessesesssssateaussessessussusscsussussnssesuesussesaucarsanseeseass 177 5.12.2.3 Discontinuities Less Than 1/16 ith c.ccececccscssssessesesssccscscecsesscessecsvscsseussvassrsecsuavavevavsusavssasacecasasseeees 177 6.12.2.4 Limitations .cccscccsscsssssseseessscsescecsesesssscsssusscsssseseseavsvsnsessssusevscsnsacsvsnsevaceveeuucacasavanessusaareacsvavseaeces 177 6.12.2.5 Annex V TÏlustrafÏOH + ctSt tt k2 21111211 2121121 111107111 1111211111115 TErrrrerro 177

6.12.3.]1 DisContinuitie§ e1 112111211 ta H11 177 6,12.3.2 Tllustration oo nh ốố .ố e HH 183

6.13.1 Acceptance Criteria for Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections .c c.ccccsssscssssesseseseesesseseessseeseses 183 (1.13.2 Acceptance Criteria for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular ConnectiOnS cuc ng nen 183 6.13.2,1 IndiCAfÍOTS, tt HH1 1111111 1111 H1 go TH 1111111110111 11T co 183

“2= 183 6.13.3 Acceptance Criteria for Tubular ConnneCtÏOTS ccc ncn ST TH HH HT HT TY TH Hye 191 6.13.3.1 Class R (Applicable When UT is Used as an Alternate to RÑT) tt tt E11 1x trrecre 191 6,13.3.2 Class X (Experience-Based, Fitness-for-Purpose Criteria Applicable to T-, Y-, and

K-Connections in Redundant Structures with Notch-Tough Weldments) .c.ccccssccssscscesesesvesesescssssseeecevesees 191 Part D— Nondestructive Testing Procedures .cccccccsessscsssssescsscsursesscscssssvssssvsaesecsusasevsusacsussssesesvaseavaseseaeess 193

6.14.1 Radiographic 'TeStingg tt tt t2 21 H1 n1 1121111 HT crererro 193 6.14.2 Radiation Imaging SySI€TNS cv 2122 1n HT 1111 te ererer re 193 6.14.3 L7'rasOnic T€StIng HH1 H1 Teen nu 193 6.14.4 11: ;netic Particle TeStÍTE., các n2 H211 c2 TH HH Hee xo 193 9.14.5 Dy 2 Penetrant Testing oo cceeessesecsesessessseseseesencessvssescsversavavavsssacscsucacanereuvavasavassnassiescarsieacasaversveees 193 9.14.6 Personne] Qualification c ccccccccssescsccscscsesssscsssvscsesevevesevasatsssasssasavsssevesesasasssasssuasuessvavessesceevesecsensces 193 6.14.6.1 ASNT Requirements oo ccc ccceseeeseesesesessssessesssssessescsvsscsecsusscsusessesansuvarsusavansatsnsusavsussesanaceesaees 193

6.14.6.3 Exemption of QCI RequiremenIS - cà S22 St họng E1 1112111 E1 caro 193

15051 ái n6 193 6.15.1 Full] TeStÌnE s tSt HH1 0111112 2111 ng 01H Ha HH Tnhh Hee 193 6.15.2 Partial 'TeSIÍTE cà c1 HH HH HH HH HH ra LH KT TT Hà KT TH kh 193 6.15.3 SpOL TeSIINB cu n1 11211111 anh 1 151 11x rrecey 193 0.15.4 Relevant Information ch 2t H212 102 H1 111 11 T121 xe tre 195 Part E—Rudiographic 'Testing tt H111 21111 11a H0 1E xeerrrree 195 6.16 Radiographic Testing of Groove Welds in Bui† JOinS -Scc n tntn HH H 121111 te ererrree 195 6.16.1 Procedures and StandardS . 2t vn 1121211 2121122111 T1 0121111211151 1E sen re 195 6.16.2 VATIALIONS HH HH 1111111111 1c 1111111121111 EE co 195 6.17 Radiographic ProcCedures c2 t1 1 2 2121 t1 1 H121 1111 reo 195

XxI

6.17.10 Quality of Radiographs .c.cccscssesssesssessessessssssssessssssuectesesussaussussatsssussssssessusssvssessstesusesescetseseceseesee 199

6.17.11 Density Limitations c2 12 H102 xxx ree Hee 200 6.17.11.1 H & D Density s2 HH 1210112 xen 200 6.17.11.2 Transitions nh 6 Š .&&&& 200 6.17.12 Identification Marks oo ccccecsessssssssssssessessscosessssessesssssssnesssesusssusssvessusssusssesssssssstsctisestsesceiecesceseceece 200

6.18 Supplementary Radiographic Testing Requirements for Tubular Connections esccscccscscesecccesccecccosscocecces 201 6.18.1 Circumferential Groove Welds in Butt Joints .c.cccccscsssscsscssssscssesssecssssssessssssssteserecseseseceecescesecesec 201 6.18.1.1 Single-Wall Exposure/Single-Wall View .c.cccsssessssssssessssseessusssesssesssssssecsssssvesesuseseseseusetecescesceceecses 201

6.18.1.2 Double-Wall Exposure/Single-Wall View cc.csccscscssscsssssssssesssseessscssesesssesssesssssesesssusestesesseceseceercessee 202

6.18.1.3 Double-Wall Exposure/Double-Wall View .cccccccscsssessesssesssessesssessessessesssssssssesecesessesteeeeeeseececceeeece 202 6.19 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs cs.ccscssscssessesssecssecsssssessescsesssseserceseeesccsececess 202 6.19.1 Equipment Provided by Contractor ce.cssessssssssessssssssssessessssecestsssssssesssssssssssssessisssssseseesecsesseseseceseesse 202 6.19.2 R€POFS HH” 11 1n He Hee 204 6.19.3 Record Retention ccccccscssssseesesssnsssusssssssssssessuecsssessusssecsuecsusssusssusssusssussisssssssvespsssssvesaneesteeveesecceece, 204 Part F—Ultrasonic Testing of Groove Welds 0 scccsccssesssessssesssessreesuesssssnvessessissssesssesssessesitsieesuceeseseseeseeceecee 204 6.20 General Ố1ẢÓ19ỠỤV 204 6.20.1 Procedures and Standards .ccscssesssesssesssscssssessssvssuscsusssusesusssussressussssassavsstsipsasssivesacetteceseesecesceeeece, 204 6.20.2 Variations .ecccssscsecssessssessecssesseessessnsssnsssucssecssstsussssusssussavesunssasssuessasstssssessusssuseapsrtessecssessescescecceceecee 204 6.20.3 Piping POroSity c1 2121 n1 re 204 6.20.4 Base MEtal, c1 12 1 co 204 6.21 Qualification RequirermenIs - ¿s55 22c nu gH E212 2e re 206 6.22 Ultrasonic Equipm€TILL cc t1 2x x1 11 111011 01E 2212 ng 206 6.22.1 Equipment Requirements .ccescscsesssssssesssessecssscssesssussssesssesasssucasassussssesstassrsatesstsssvessesserseseeeseescese 206 6.22.2 Horizontal Lin€aTity s2 112122121122 reo 206 6.22.3 Requirements for Test Instruments 0 cccscsssssssssecssssesssssssesesssessvessusesssesssessassstessisesceceteceseeceeeecccces, 206 6.22.4 Calibration of Test Instruments .cscccssessssssesssesssesssvsssssssscarsesusssusssssissasesssesussupeseseeeeseeeseesseceecceece, 206

6.22.6 Straight-Beam (Longitudinal Wave) Search Units .ccc ccsssessssssessesssesssssesssesssessssesssssseseseccesseceseessecceen 206 6.22.7 Angle-Beam Search Units c.cccscsescssesssssssessesssecesscssessssssssssnsesusssusssnesitesssssssssessessssssusesuseeseceteeseeeseces 206 6.22.7.1 FT€QU€TCY HH1 on HH1 tr rat 206 6.22.7.2 Transducer Dimensions cecssecssssssseessecsssecsssecsssvsssvessuesssnsesussssussstssssseapsustibsstpssscesiesesteceececcccce 206

6.24 Equipment Qualification v2 tt 12221 21c Hàn HH reo 207 6.24.1 Horizontal Lin€arity cute tú c2 H2 TH 1e 207

“6 0 Ắ.4 207 6.24.3 Internal Reflections cv 212211221112 ren Hee 207

Contents

6.24.4 Calibration of Angle-Beam Search Units .c.cccccccccsssssssssscsesessscscessecsesescsuvscsesspacssssossnevesavevacecessanssaeas 207 6.25 Calibration for TeStÏTE, c2 H111 121 1H HH TH HH TH TH HH Hà TH TT HT TH re 207 6.25.1 Position of ReJect COnHTỌL cuc LH 111112101211111 1110121 TH HH HỦ TT HH T TH 1 kg 207

"56200 in n5 207 6.25.4 Straight-Beam Testing of Base M€tal .cc.c n1 HH HH HH HH HT HT ng HT ngày 210

>0 ốốố.ố.ẻ 210

6.25.5 Calibration for Angle-Beam Testing sáng H111 1120 K1 2 HH HT HT TH ng rệt 210 S5 S8; Jin 0n 210 6.25.5.2 Zero Reference Level oo ốố ốốốốe 211 6.26 Testing PTrOC€dUTES án 11101 111111011111111211 11 1 TH HH2 TH TH T511 xe 211

sẻ ă£VỒẠẠmO-'^'£®5-£+^'''i'i'i1i1i1i11H1iÍiiÍÍÍ':4344.4 L 211

6 26.2 OY” LAM 211

“9u nh ố.ố ố.ốố ê 211 6.26.4 Couplants oo eee eeceeseccseseeneessecessneeesenecsescaeseeesnsesvssasesesenssesessscsvscsessesessnscscsuavacsossssvsvavsvsesesusesacenseavaacs 211 6.26.5 Extent Of TeSEE HH1 0111010111112 n c1 Hàn Hy rêu 211

6.26.8 BasIs for Acceptance or Đ€j€CLÏON Sàn 2 211211021 1221111170101 1T 1111111111111 101111 11g12 reo 214 6.26.9 Identification of RejeCled AF€A c1 nh 11T HH HH kg 214

6.27 Ultrasonic Testing of Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Connections .cccccscssssessssescsssscsceccssescesccsscssssvecsecscesseserees 214 Ĩ.27.1 PTOC€dUF€ SH HH HH 1111221111111 <1 HH HH HH1 1111111115 1ETE1E111E11 11 xe 214

3l) v ẮẶẮẶẮẶẮẶẮỶẮÚ 215 6.27.31 RAMge 215

6.2.1.1 Ðistance CulIDAfÏOT, ch nen HH 2 1 111111111111 T111 Hee ưu 217

xxiI

600560 0) 09 220 6.30.2.4 Procedure 0 ốố 220 6.30.2.5 Nomograph cà nh HH TH HT HT HH TH TH TH HH Tà TH HH TT HT Tà kế 220 6.30.3 Internal Reflectlons PTOC€ỞUT€ Là HH HH HH nh HH Hà HH TH TT HH Hà gu già 220 6.31 Flaw S1ze Evaluation PTOC€dUT€S TH HH HH nh HH TH HH HH TH Hà ch TH Ti Hà ng 220 6.31.1 Straipht-Beam (Longitudinal) TEStInEE cà HH HH HH TH TH TT TH HH nu TH kg 220 6/01) 20.06) 00 1n 220 6.32 Scanning PAL[€TTNS cà HH HH HH TH LH HT nh TT 0 TH nà nen 220 6.32.1 Longitudinal DISCOnfITUITIES nà Hà HT HH TH HH TT HH HH HH HT HT Tà HT hong 220

678 voi 0/000 0g nh ố 220 6.32.1.2 Scanning MOVeMEnt Bou e 220

6/2/2860) :00) 1 1001 220 6.32.2.2 Unground WeÌdS - s4 Hàn HH Hà HT TH TH HT TH TH HT Tà TT T11 g1 221 6.32.3 Electroslag or Electrogas Welds (Additional Scanning Pattern) ceeccssssesceeseeceeceerseeeseeateseesenatens 221 6.33 Examples of đB Accuracy CerfiÍIC4LÏOHI cà HT HT HH TT TH HT HH HH Hàng 221 Part G—Other Examination MethOS - ‹ < sec HH HH HH TH HT Hàn TH TT HT HT kg 221 6.34 General Requirement 8n ẽố ố ố 221 6.35 Radiation Imaging Systems Including Real-Time ÍmagIng ch cv TH HH HH HH 221

6.35.3 Procedure QuaÌIÍiCAfÏOII n1 HH HT ng ng nh TH TT HH KH H16 221 6.35.4 Personnel QuaÌ1Í1CAfIODS ác c2 SH TH HH TH HH KH TK HC TC cu vn 221 6.35.5 Image 9.000 006218nnn .ằ 221

trữ» nh .Ả 224 7.3 Mechanical RequireMent nh 224 7.3.1 Standard Mechanical RÑequIreTn€nIfS -. «cv 211110 T10 01H TH HH TH TH TH Hàn vớ 224 r1 .dẢ 224

XXIV

Contents

7.3.3 Engineer’s R.€QU€SÍ - án TT TT HH HT TT HH TH HT TT TT Tà 1114 1x74 224 (X Xá co00) 0 (09 1 .e.e 224

7.4.6 Arc Shield ReImOVAÌ s- s- h nh nh HT TH HH HT HH TT TH TH TT T4 81 1172 225

HE {vi cv ỤIdddỐ 225

TS TeChnique 225

HN 0i0a 0ê À2 117 225

7.5.3 Movement o0 206.108 225 7.5.4 Ambient and Base-Metal Temperature Requirem€nS . - cv SH TH 10 11H 111 0111 1 4 khe ca 225 7.5.5 FCAW, GMAW, SMAW Fillet Weld Option ch HH1 HH HH HT HH HT HH yu 225 m8 ‹ ha .72Ö d5 226

“5> 226 7.5.5.3 Stud Fit (Fillet Welds) ae e 226 7.5.5.4 Fillet Weld Minimum 7a nốe ố.ằ 226 7.5.5.5 Preheat Requirement cố ae .4% 226

“v2 "an Õöö53 226 Hˆh*À/ 0Á n 226 7.6 Stud Application Qualification Requir€€TIES ác cán HH1 111211112111 01 H1 HH ng HH ưu 226

7.6.2 Responsibilities for Tests 0 226 7.6.3 Preparation Of SpeCiMens cố ố .e 226

HE ""“.ềẽ nh ." - 226

7.6 Number of Specimens MAI 226 7.6.5 Test REQuired oo 226 7.6.6 Test Methods hố 226 mẽ " .: LL.L ÔỎ 226 7.6.6.2 Torque Test .++d4ầặẢẢ)Ả 226

7.6.7 Application Qualification Test Dafa ccccc cv SH 1á 1 HH TH HT TH TH Hy TH TH ng HT Hy 227

I1 oi on ốc ố ốc ố ố ố ẻ ốe 227 TTA Start OF SHift .dqđI ÔÚÔỎ 227

TTA Bending veces 227

F02030 ốỢOd Ò 228 7.73 Repair Of Studs .''.'" 228

"EM, cco09) 00a 228

7.8 Fabrication and Verification Inspection RequiremeTIS -cccct sàn HỦ H1 1211 E0 111 He 228 TBA Vi cal Inspection sa .' ÔÒÔỎ 228

` nu 228 7.8.3 Bent Stud Acceptance CTII€TlA cv g0 111 1111111111118 HH H HH TH TH HH HH 228

XXV

8.3.4 Restoration or ReplaceIm€iit «cv x21 22111 CT0 g1 rereerrerrsereeeseeeeee 229 8.3.5 Loading During OperatiOns -cct tt 2 012221101 reo 229 8.3.6 Existing Conn€CtÏONS ch 1 1 re reo 229 c4

229

8.4 Fatigue Life Enhancerm€ii( ss-ccvvxt122111 1221111 1171112111120.EEEeereeeeeeee 229

8.4.2 Stress Range ÏnCrease cà H21 ren 230

8.5 Workmanship and Technique .sccccsssessssssesssssssceesnsscssssecsssssisssssuusssasssssssrissssssvsssssivesstiteeetseeeesseeececee 230

8.5.1 Base-Metal Condition H111 treo 230 8.5.2 Member DiscontinuitieS s2 H11 2 1e re 230

8.5.4 Base Metal of Insufficient Thickness ác cv c2 H0 H1 2 re 230 8.5.5 Heat Straightening ch tre re 230

230

ảo 0 Ữớ,<.ớ.ớ._ắốẶ44.11

230 8.6.1 Visual Inspection ầ7.77.Ạ4 4.1

230 8.6.2 Nondestructive TeSting c1 reo 230 2442m0

231 Annex I—Effective ThrOat vn co 233 Annex I—Eifective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints -s 2 22t 221 sec 233 Annex JII—Requirements for Impact Testing s 2s: 2222221111 11111211 235 Annex TV—WPS RequiremeiIS c1 1g reo 239 Annex V—Weld Quality Requirements for Tension Joints in Cyclically Loaded Structures neo, 241 Annex VI—Flatness of Girder Webs—Statically Loaded Structures 52s 2221 2n 243 Annex VI[—Flatness of Girder Webs— Cyclically Loaded Structures .ccccscsssssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssseseeeeeessesseecccc 247 Annex VII]—Temperature-Moisture Content Charts .cscsssssssssssssosssssssssssssssressssnssustssssivessssevessssetieeseeeeeeeccc, 253 Annex IX—Manufacturer’s Stud Base Qualification Requirement ccssssssssssssssseesssssssssssesssssssssseeseeeeesseeecccce 257 Annex X—Qualification and Calibration of Ultrasonic Units with Other Approved Reference Bloeks 259 Annex X]—Guideline on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat .cccccccssccsssssesesseesssscsssseesevescecesceees 263

Annex XH—Symbols for Tubular Connection Weld Design .sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssesssssssssasesessesssstecieeeeesieeecccce 273

Annexes—Nonmandatory IYƒOFHH41ÌOH city reo 275

Annex B—Terms and Definitions th, tre 277 Annex C—Guide for Specification WFiters cv 20211122 r1 reo 285

Annex E—Sample Welding Forms HH1 trerrrreerrrereseece 297 Annex F—Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries for the Structural Welding Committee 309 Annex G—Local Dihedral Angle HH 1m 311 Annex H— Contents of Prequalified WPS 21g re 317

319 Annex K— Ultrasonic Examination of Welds by Alternative TechniqueS, cuc HH 323 Annex L—Ovalizing Parameter Alpha t0 go 337 Annex M—Code-Approved Base Metals and Filler Metals Requiring Qualification per Section 4 339

Xxvi

Commentary

C1 General Requirements 0.0 ccc ccessccssssseseeneseesesssessesesssanescsuesceneevssscussesussssesstsesaavaseasasssacavsivarcseseseneceses 345 CIE SCOPE os eeseeecestestesesnessesssessecsessccsessessssussseueeecesssssusenssnssssssessessasseesssssessessussecavsnssecassusarsusaneasssussueatsesarsasees 345 C2 Design of Welded Connections .c.cccccesssssssssssessesesssscssssessesscscsececanssvsussussvancarssnsavsvassucascesssescaseavaenseees 347 C2.1.2 Allowable Increase ooo eececcccecsessssssssnescessscsesecsesvescsessesecsusassustssusussusssaestsatavavsscseaareavsssrsessaseveveeeves 347 C2.1.3 Laminations and Lamellar Tearing .c.ccccscsssssssssssscssescessssssesscsvesssesatsssevsesscststsasavausacarsssatsscseseveveeees 347 C2.2.3 Weld Size and Length cc ceccssesesssssssessssasesssucsesssseesescavssesssussusersussnsusatsvsusssatssessasesasesvassaveeeseves 348 2.4.7.1 Attachments .cccccccccssssssssesscsseseessussnensssssesssesnesesssssssssesassusussussssusanstsstssvsusecassusscassveresecisansavassessvereeses 348 C2.4.7.5 Opposite Sides of Common Plane cccccccssessessesessessessssssssssessessussessussecarsacsussscasavsaearsasesessssavaceessavens 348 C2.4.8.1 Double Fillet WWeldsS, cà c2 H21 2111 1111 1e nen rse 348 C2.4.8.2 Minimum OVeTÏaD tt 2111 2111211101121 111 11 1 1H11 11T T15 TC Hay 348 C2.6.2 Combinations of Welds ác t2 1011 12 1101011111111 1121 Ea HH Hense 349 C2.6.3 Welds with Rivets or BỌS cá SH TT 11 E11 11 kg HH d ren 349 C2.8 Eccentricity TT LH hà kg HH TH HH TH TH HT HT TH TT TH TC HC HT Hà 9k1 11g cry 349 C2.9 Camera co HH H112 11 t1 11111 rererrea 349 C2.10 Allowable Stresses (Statically or Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections) .cccccscsscscscssesssecseesee 349 C2.14.1 Longitudinal Fillet Welds 0n na 1mỤ q qa 350 C2.14.4 and C2.14.5 Alternative Design Strength of Fillet Welds - 2c on tt SH ng eeerse 350 C2.16 Maximum Spacing of Intermittent Welds .c.ccccccccsscsccssssesssssssessssressessesucasssessesessssssssssessuseeseteevereenees 351 C2.17 Compression MeTmbers ch th 211221 TH 111211 He rereererrec 352 C2.18 Tension Members .c.cccecsesssseseesesneseseeeseseesesssussesucsesscssscansucsususavsassvsavsusasaustsacscsucavarsssesesessessesteverees 355

C2.20 Transition of Thicknesses Or Widths .cccccccscesessessesssssscsessssvssesressessessessesacaversstsatsssssssusssssssesvessersevens 355 C2.21.5 Continuous Welds ccccecssesseseenesnssssnssesecsesvssussessssessssessacsucsussussusasassavatssvarsaussssevssecsesscseseeevece 357 C2.23 Combined StreSSes HH 21111212 ng Han Hee 357 2.24 Cyclic Load Stress Range esccccscsscssecsssssseseessecsessscsscsssssssssssvssassnessustusssnsansssssnssasassecscsssesesseeseaeereenee 357 C2.27 Prohibited Joints and Welds .c.ceccccssscssssessessesessesssssssucsussucssssessesacsucatsssesusavessarsavsssasssessessessesiveevereenees 357 C2.29 Transition of Thicknesses or Widths .cccccccscssessessessessssssssssreaerecsessussessssseareasessessassessisesesessesevetteeceeses 358 C2.29.2 Shear or Compression Butt Joint Thickness c.cccccccccssessseccesecsessessessecseasesessssrssparessesussessssaveseesesees 358 2.30 Si iPeners cece ceccssesseseesesscsnsevessesssssssessssssnssssssssvarssassussussusatssmsassutsasassarsasestassavsrpsscatssssesetsetesseneevess 358 C2.30.1 Intermittent Fillet Welds cecccscsssesssssessecsecsessssssssassssssuvssessecersssessessnsssssavarssssssssussussiscssesisciveeeerses 358 C2.32.1 Longitudinal Fillet Welds cv ch H111 Teen re 358

C2.35 General (Tubular ConnectiOnS) c cty HH HH HH re 360 C2.36 Allowable Stresses (Tubular) 5c tt n1 1121 11111111111 EEEE TH Hee 360

=5 VĩU h .m Iấâãẵẳằ 360 C2.36.3 Weld Str€SS€s cà 1 111111211 360 C2.36.6.2 Fatigue StTess Caf€gOries 0 2n TH TH HH0111101111112121 E11 nH HH Hee 360 C2.36.6.3 Basic Allowable Stress Limitation .cccccccccscessscsesssssssssssvesucssvssecsvessessvsssssusseesesstessesssseseusstsesvenee 362 C2 26.6.6 Fatizue Behavior Improvement cccccccssessessessessessssscssccucsecatssearesseesessesussssssssssssssstestsseseveevessesees 362 C2.36.6.7 Size and Profile Effects .ceeccecccsessssssescesssasessecsscsssssssstssussusssessvssussasssussusassscsesssssvecsecessetsutesesseses 364 C2.40 Limitations of the Strength of Welded Connections .c c.ccccessessessessrssesssssecsssssssssesesscssesessesssseesevenceee 365 C2.40.1.1 Local Failure csesessesssessssssesessessessesscssessscssssssssssoresessussressussusssssansstessssscssssesseseiesessareeseesvenves 365 C2.4).1.2 General Collapse .cccccccscessesseesneessssnseseessessveesecsssssssssussssessvcsussvessuscsusssucsuessessusaresaessussissssseseereee 366 C2.40.1.3 Uneven Distribution of Load (Weld Sizing) son St HH HT nen Hee 366 C2.40.2 Box T-, Y-, and K-ConnectiOnS -s- c1 E11 1211211111111 1T nH HH neo 368 C2.40.2.1 Local FaiÏUFe c c< St v1 1x 2 1121111 111111111 1x TT T11 TH rseesse 368 C2.40.2.2 General Collapse .ccescessssssecsesssesessessessecsessessesssssssssssussussaseassaressassusasecteassessasesecsivecuessecsvereeeteeses 368 C2.40.2.3 Uneven Distribution of Load (Effective Width) co cu c2 2n HH He nen 368 C2.-10.2.4 averlapping Conn€CfÏOPS +, 2: 2+ 21221 tt 1 1 10111 1t c1 Hee nese 370

C2.<0.2.6 Other ConfiguirafiONS ác tt HH0 121 HH Hee 370 C2.42 Material LimifAtiOïiS cv 012 t1 HH Hee 370

XXVII

Contents

C2.42.1.5 Box T-, ¥-, Or K-Commections .cccccscesssssssssssssssecssssesuesussucssssessessessssussvasseveusaverecissisescecsesesceseececces 372 C2.42.2 Tubular Base-Metal Notch Toughness .cccccsscsssssesssesecssssesssssetesassarssssssssssssavssesverssecesseteesescercececcese 372 C2.42.2.1 Charpy V-Notch Requirements .cccccccsscsscssssssssssessessvessesssesecassesessessussessesssessssucereesceseeseesceccescese 376 C2.42.2.2 LAST Requirement 0.0 ecccccsessessssssesssessessussevessessesarssusssssssssucssssssssesavsstsspstpssesisesseseeseetecseececes 376 C3 Prequalification Of WPSS wo cccsccssssssesssecsssesssessesssssesusssusssusssesssssssessusssesisssssssussitsasesitseseesseeseeesecceess 379

C3.3 Base Melal/Filler Metal Combinations .c.ccccccsssssssssssssecssecsessscssessesssscsesssesessssesssesvscesseseececesececeoes 379 C3.5 Minimui Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirement .scc-ssscssecssscsessesssessscsecessscsssseceesceseceeeces 379 C3.6 Limitation Of WPS Variables cccccccssccsssssessessstsssecucssesssesuessscsussssssessessussssarssusassitestesseseseeseecessceccesecs 380 C3.7.2 Width/Depth Pass Limitation 2 ccccsccscsssssesesssesscsussosceuesssessssssssssssssssstsssesessesasesveeseseteceesecsesescesce 380 C3.7.3 Weathering Steel Requirement o ccccccccccsssssssessssssseseeserssessesssessecsussssasessssstsassipsatesseasesteseceecesceecesse 380

C Table 3.7 Electrical LimitatiOns s16 11122112111011 111112112 381

C Table 3.7 Requirement for Multiple Electrode SAW cc.ccsecccsssecssesssssssesssessesssecsssssecesssecseeseeesseesscveeeececeeee 381

C Table 3.7 Requirements for GMAW/FCAW .cccccccssssssssssssssecssssssessussssesssessssesssssesssssvesseseesttssseesseeseesccese 381

C3.10 Plug and Slot Weld Requirements .0 ccsccsssssssssssessosssessssssvesesssssssssuvesssussessuestsssessssssssssisecarssseecestece 381

C3.11.2 Cornet Joint Preparation ecccccsesssessssesssssesssvesssscsseessucsssessussssssssiasssacssesssssesessssesescsesteceseceseeesec 381 3.13.1 Joint DIMENSIONS «0 eee ccccesssecsssesssecssvssssusssssssssesssusessesssussstsssssssssississsssesisessssitecestessusessteceeecsece 381

C Figure 3.3 tttective Weld Size of Flare-Bevel-Groove Welded Joints ccccssesssssessssessssscssecscssessessecesveceee 381

C4.1.1.1 Qualitication Responsibility ác c1 1n ng HH Hee 383 C4.1.2 Performance Qualification of Welding Personnel] .c.c.ccccccccsscccscscscsccessesssecsvecsessscscsvesesasevevevevecenees 383 C4.1.2.1 Previous Performance Qualification .cccccccccssscsssesssessessssssessecssaresscsssssvscssavertertesucsueeseceseeeeeseececse 383 C4.1.3.1 Period of Effectiveness-—— Welders and Welding OperAfOFS ác TH HH nan HH nhe ray 383 C4.2.4 Positions Of Test Welds cc tt cctn 11011 1112711 Hee 383

C Table 4.2 WPS Qualification—Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds: Number and Type of

Test Specimens and Range of Thickness and Diameter Qualified .ccccccccsssssseessssscssssccsssssessssseessessescsssees 384

C4.7 Essential VariabÏCs 221cc nu HH reo 384 C4.7.1 SMAW SAW, GMAW, GTAW and FCAW ác 2n Hee 384

384 C4.8.2 Nondesttuctive Testing ee ccccscssssssscssesssvsssssessusssavesssessstessusssssessitesssessisvessetuesssestsesteceeteeeeeeseeese 384 C4.8.3.2 Longitudinal Bend Tests cccccccssessssssvesssvsssssseseavecsussssscsuessussssstesssstssesivssseeetseiseteceteeeteesceceees, 384 C4.8.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for Bend Tests .cccccccccssssssssssssesssscsseesseessessiessssssssasesussipesseseesesceteesseeeseceeeescece 384 C4.10.1 Type and Number of Specimens to be Tested ác 5n 0 221 E2 Hee 385 C4.11.1 Type and Number of Specimens——Fillet Welds an n5 Hee 385 C4.12 Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds for Tubular Connections sec 385 C4.12.4 T-, Y: and K-Connections without Backing Welded from One Side 01 386 C4.12.4.4 Wehiments Requiring Notch Toughness .ccccccccsssssssssssesssessssesssessssesssessessssssstsesvecseccsieceseeeseeces 387 C4.15 Welding Processes Requiring Qualification .c ccsscssssecsssecsssesssesssssssssessessseccasessecestecssesesecesecccccces 388 C4.17 WPS Retuirements (ESW/EGW) ác HH1 2112 reo 389 C4.17.2 All-Weld-Metal Tension Test Requirement .c0 c:ssscscsssssssescssecsssestsesssesesustsscssvecseceseccsteceseecesceesecces 389

C5.3.1.3 Dew Point/Manufacturer’s Certification .cccccccscsssssssssssesssecssseesssvesssesssessasessvesssestceseeecsseesesceseecescec 391

C5.3.2.1 Low-†:ydrogen Electrode Storage Condition ssc st 2 s21 1211n E1 neo 392 C5.3.3.1 Eleetr.te-Flux CombinatiOns sách 2 2e Hee 392 C5.3.3.2 Cond:On OŸ FÏuX cv 2 H21 HH Hee 392

XXVII

Contents

5.3.3.3 Flux Reclamation c.cccccccccccscsesessssscscsscessessesssessessesessseseacscssscsavsesssssssecevecsssssessssvscseevseseseeeevacseas 392 5.3.3.4 Recrushed Slag 0 cessecssvsecesesesssesessstseseseececsvscevssseesessssssscacsescerssseesssssssvevacsessesasecaratasaseeseeeees B92 C5.3.4 GMAW/FCAW ElectrOdES ng 1111111 HT HH HH TH TT HH Hong 393 C5.4 Electroslag and Electrogas Welding Processes .c.ccccccsssssssesssesescsessssessesscscesescsevevacesuacsceasatscaeeusaanscuees 393 C5.7 Heat Input Control for Quenched and Tempered Steel .cccccccsscsccsscsscssssssssssssssecscececesssetsesesnesessscscacs 393 C5.8 Stress Relief Heat Treatment cecsesesssssssssssssescecscsescscsescecsssecssssessasesssssssssevisesaeassveceueessuenevevaraseens 393

C5.10.2 Full-Length Backing n1 0112111111 T1 HT H111 1111711 1e rye 393 C5.10.4 Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections - c1 erse non 394 C5.12.2 Minimum Ambient TemperatLre - - c t tt tt 1v n2 11511111 111 1101111111111 111157 1gp rsờy 394 C5.13 Compliance with Design ch 11221 HH kg HH HH1 11211111111 1e srrườ, 394 C5.14 Minimum PFillet Weld SiZ€S cà t2 11012211111 11111111 T10 T111 TT Etserrey 394 C5.15 Preparation of Base Metal, cc c2 12122 1111 HT TH 1111111111 gen Heo, 394

C5.15.2 Joint PreparatiOn chon 211111110111811111 T1 HH ác HH 1E 11111 ecyếy 394 C5.15.4.3 Roughness Requirement .ceccsssseseccscsescesscsvscscsvscsssvsvsvsesssvessasscsssenesesavessenesecsrasavareassesessecserees 394

C5.17.1 Weld Access Hole DimensiOns án HH HH HH HH HH H111 ng ersey 395 C5.18.2 General Requirements for Tack WW€]ds c2 2n HH1 xen rớ 396 C5.19 Camber in Built-Up Members .c ccccccscssssssssessssesesssssscsucscucscsvsscasaeversavavaecsusacacacararasssavareasaasssesseveves 396 C5.22.1 “let Weld Assembly vice ccc csesseseseessnssssssesvssesesesescassesesscevensveavevavensavavevavasevavsnessusetsveatasavavaneesens 396 C5.22.2 ‘artial Joint Penetration Groove Weld Assembly c.c.cccccccceccsccsssssvsesesessescsesevecscssavscecaeseacscersesensesees 396

\5.22,3 butt Jọnt Alignm€NI ác các 10111 110g H1 ng HH2 71101111 xe se 396 C5.22.4.2 Tubular Cross-Sectional VariafÏOTS - tt TT HH HT HH Hee 396 C5.22.4.3 COTTECfON HH H111 1111011 1 E1 21 ngan ga H211 te rrưyy 396 C5.23.2 aid C5.23.3 Beam and Girder Straightness .-.cc teen eeerse 396 C5.23.4 B am and Girder Camber (without Designed Concrete Haunch) c.ccccccesscesessssecsscecesesesesesveseseseee 396

C2.1,1 Information Furnished to BidđderS - - St nền 1211211211111 01071011111 Test erye 403

Cĩ 2 Inspection and Contract StipulatiOTS cc t nh nH n2 1111111011121 11211 cErrererre 403

Cĩ 3 Definition of Inspector Caf€ØOTÌ€S cv cà SH HH n1 121211111211 1111 ng cHsH nen 403 C6 1.5 Inspector Responsibility các ccc c2 21 2121111 111211 1111011111 1111 T Teen rung 403 C6.1.6 Items to be Furnished to the ÍnSpeCfOT 2c nàn 2 1 2n HH Hee 403 Cĩ.1.7 Inspector NotïÍiCatiON t2 v22 2121111111211 112111 11 th tr n1 nen 403 Cĩ.2 Inspection oŸ MateriaÌs co St H121 112111 n1 ga Hee 403 Cĩ6.3 Inspectlon of WPS Qualification and Equipment cv HH HH TH Hee ree 404 C6.4 lispection of Welder, Welding Operator, and Tack Welder Qualifications c.cccccccccssscssssssecsecssscesseseceees 404 Cĩ.4.1 Determination of QualfiCation co nền HH HH nen Hee 404

XXIX

Contents

C6.4.2 Retesting Based on Quality of WOFK nen HH Hà HH Hà H2 1111117117111 c1 Hà He 404 C6.4.3 Retesting Based on Certification EXpITALÏOH cc ncnS cà nhHhH HH H.214101 2102 8 4111011410101 11111 krr 404 C6.5 Inspection of Work and R€COFTdS - cv 2T HH HH HH 0 11 t1 HH 0111 tt 1 re 404 C6.6.1 Contractor ResponSibi]itieS ác ch H2 TH HT HH HỦ tá HT HH 0111 11110 T1 HT rà 404 C6.6.2 Inspector ReqU€SES cá cv kh HHHH HH HH H11 111111111 1 TH Hn1111111 110 18 te 404 C6.6.4 Specified Nondestructive Testing Other Than Visual .- cá cho xe 404 C6.7 SCOPE eecececesscesesececeeesneneeseseevessvensesesnenensnseeseseaeeedeecsedsesesesesssessseseeeeeneaesaseseseseseseseseneneseeeseaeeeneasaensnes geese sas 404 C6.8 Engineer’s Approval for Alternate Acceptance CTIf€TIA - c2 HH re 404 C6.9 Visual Ínsp€CLON - ác Hàng HH HH HH HH TH HH 4111111117110 18 H1 TH TH TH TH HH ng gi nh 405 C6.10 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Ïnspection cà các ninh hiện 405 C6.11 Nondestructive Testing chì” HH HH HH HH HH0 01011117111 TT 10 111 cg 405 C6.12.2 Acceptance Criteria for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular ConnectIONS cceierirrrrrrrie 405 C6.13.1 Acceptance Criteria for Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections c nhe 405 C6.13.2 Acceptance Criteria for Cyclically Loaded Nontubular ConnectIONS caro 406 C6.13.3 Ultrasonic Acceptance Criteria for Tubular COmnections .ccceccccsceeseeereeeeeeenereeneeseesenseeeesensenes 406 0.8830 407 C6.14.7 váy 0 209)D50 00 3n 407

0900000 ion 409

9 5VAVN bon v0 in 409

0 SVAk§c 02c 409 C6.19 Examination, Report and Disposition of RadIlographs ác ch Hàng HH HH HC 409 C6.19.1 Equipment Provided by COnITACĂOF sàn TT TH HH Hà Tàn Hà HH TH TH HT TH Hit 409

C6.20.1 UT Procedures and StandardS - - ch HH TT HH TH HT gà TT Tà Tà TH 410

C6.20.3 Piping POTOSIEY cà HH HH HH TH HH TH TT HH HH HH TH TC TT HH 410 0.92290171001305) 1n 4I1 C6.22.6 Straight Beam (Longitudinal Wave) Search đnII ác nành HH HH TH Hành HH Hệ 411 C6.22.7.2 Transducer [DimenSIOTIS . HH HH HT Tà HT TH Hà HH Tà cà HH nh Tà TH TT 411 C6.23.1 TIW Standard oe LH TH TH TK KH Hiệp All 0001105227 V9 T91 TH ng HT Hà TH HH nh re 411

0 »Z #0000 0ï (0020 lọ nh 41

®9.08y ii i00 an cố 41} 0.92 U/86-.)0.0.i 0 411 C6.24.4 Calibration of Angle Beam Search nIS cv Hy HH HH HH KH HH TH 41

XXX

Contents

C6.25.5.1 Horizontal Sweep oo ecccecsesessssessssessscsescesesccesscsusvsvessavsutassussesevssassusatavasasavasasavavsceveressstsvsusesseveces 4ll 6.26.4 Couplamt .cccsccsesceesscseesseeesnssssesssesssesssssseseseescsssvsvssssvsccssssaarsvessassusececasavasasasasssasaeassusstsveveseesvees 41 Có6.26.5 Extent Of TeSIÏNB - tt HH H1211112111111 1 11 111111 c1 HT T111 1 Teen rưa 412 CG.26.5.1 ReflectOr S1Z€ HT H1111211211 11 1g TH 115 1c se rsey 412 C6.26.5.2 Imaccessibility 0 cee scseccssesssessssesescsecsssessecssessevsssscsucscasssessevsvaveusaeavacasavasasavasaravesesesveceersesesees 412

C6.26.6 Testing Of Welds .c cscs scssecessesnssssnsscseeseesssesucsvssssssscsesssscavsssevsusarsusaraveatsvavsesasacaressarsavessecaveveeses 412 C6.26.6.4 Attenuation Factor ccc sccsscssssessseeesesvesssssssesssesesscsvscsssscsssasatsvstsesecavesesstsavssssarsatssstevesceseceveveves 412 6.26.7 Length OŸ FÏaWS c1 c1 511 ST TT HH na 412 C6.26.8 Basis for Acceptance or Rejection .ccccssescsssscssssssscssscsesesecscscsestsusecssensuesesssessstatscssavsesesscsvessesecess 412 C6.27 Ultrasonic Testing of Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Comnections oc ccccccsscsscsesssccesescsvsesvecsesssscsesecesseccevevee 413 C7 Stud Welding .c.cccecescscccsssssestssssseseeseesesesnssesussesusasesesssscssessssssvcarsusseevesssusustevasavevsesasavsssssatsusacareuversavsesees 415 CTD SCOPE 44414 415 C7.2 General Requirement cv t2 v2 22122211 1 E111 11 11 TT rrererse 415 C7.2.5 Stud Einish s11 111 H211 n1 E111 Hee 415 C7.3 Mechanical RequiremenIS các 2111112111111 1 1 t1 HH HT HE TT nen 415 C7.4 WorkmanshIp ch HH1, 111 e1 HH HH 2115 1e re nen rng 415 C7.4.6 and C7.4.7 Arc Shield Removal cescccsssssesssssssssssssessessessesscssvsnssussnsesssesnesusansatessaesseressessesrsescesseseees 415 C7.5.1 Automatic Machine Welding cccecccsessssssssssscssesecseesesessessessessesesarcaesursessecatsessesaesussesseateessareaverseeees 415 C7.5.5 FCAW, GMAW, SMAW Fillet Weld Option ccccccscssseesessessssessesessessessesursesarsussessssesatesessceseeseavenses 415 C7.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirermenits - sàn H121 112511211 E c1 nen 416

C7.7 Production Control .c.ccececssssessecsseseesesseesseeseessessessssssussessessusarseusussesassasarsuesusansassusssssasesstsavssesaseveseeeees 416 7.7.1.4 Bending o csccccecscccssscssssssssseeseesesssessssussnenssesnsssssssvsssaucessusscercarsecssavsseuravsusansucaravavsueavarsseavessarsusaverseceves 416

C7.8 Fabrication and Verification Inspection Requirement .ccccsscsccssesssessssesessestssessesecscssssecsesssereeecceeses 416

C7.8.2 and C7.8.4 Additional TE€SES ác cu cv t2 1n 12 1221 1 e1 1 1tr ree 416 annex CTX —Manufacturer’s Stud Base Qualification Requirements .c cccccscessesssssssesesssecsssssscscsveescesecens 416 C8 Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures .c.ccccsccccsscssssessseecssssesesscarsveseesauesestssesesvsscsvessevesvessees 417 Ð.NGGU aaẠ44 417

C8.2.Ì InVestigatlOn ác nh 10101111112 111111 T11 51s reo 417 C8.2.2 Suitability for Welding oo cecccesesssssssssesssssevcsecccscsussessssussvssesssessansassusesaressassvassesearsieareseavereaveess 417 C8.3 Design for Strengthening and RepaiT 2c 2 5c St vs T2 HH1 1111111112111 sen rya 417 C8.3.1 Design Process .ccsccccsscessesesssssssssessecsssssessssssnssvssesssssesssssssecsecsucsverecessussucsucarsussusuesusaassatesssscevsssevees 417 C8.3.3 Fatigue HÏSIOFV n2 011212121111 Ha ah HH rerse 417 C8.3.5 Loading During Operations cccccesessssesssssseessssesssssacsucacsussrescsssuseusrsansusassssssavasessavavsassssecesteavseceves 418 C8.3.7 Use of Existing Fasteners .c.ccsscssssestsssssesseesessessssvescssessvsavssvsavsassucsessussussesusstsussvsassusasavesessssessveeees 418 CS.4.1 Fatigue Life Enhancement cccccssssssssssssessssecscsscscancecsusscsneessassusassesussnsavsueseacavssesessacsisaseseaseseaseneaves 418 C3.4.2 Stress Range ÍnCT€S€ cv 2 211111 T11 11 e1 Hee rerse 422 Cš.5 Workmanship and Technique - s24 x11 tt H102 11111112151 11 nen ng sa 422 C8.5.2 Member Discontinuiti€S cv tt nề 2211111212111 112 tr HH reerse 422 C8.5.4 Base Metal of Insufficient Thickn€ss s-ccc2n HH HT 111 1 Tre 422 C8.Š.5 Heat Straightening ccsececseeseesesesseessessessevsscssessucsssusursussevassarsarsusaueatsacsusasevasessesavsessucevescesees 422 C5.5.6 Welding SeQuenC€ tt t1 222 11211 ng n1 HH Hee Hee 423 Cð.6 QQuality SH 01111 ca Hàn tre rrereree 423 Annex CXI—Guidelines on Alternative Methods for Determining Preheat 0 0 c.cccccceccsscsssssesseseessesecsesseese 425

CXI1 Preheat—Background Review and Discussion .sccsscsssssessssssesssssscersesesesssessesavssearesucascosssesssvessesereeees 425

CXÍH.I General ObserVatÏOIS - 2s tt tt HH HH HH2 11121111121 re Hee 425 CX11.2 Basis of Predicting Preheat .0 c.ccccssssssessssesscsessesscsessstsscsvsucssasausecsssestersavasessassvsusavssespesevevseveveeees 425 CXi1.3 Scope of Proposed Preheat Requirements ccccccsccsesscssessessesescesvesseressessesssssarssesrssvsevasessesessveapeesees 426

CX-3 Relation Between Energy Input and Eillet Leg Size ác s22 1 121 E281 Tre rse 426

XXXI

Z Loss Dimension (Nontubular) .cccccccescscscsescsssssseccscscsesssssecssovscsesvasscnsecsevssasscsavassestscsasasasasesuscasisvevensees 7 Allowable Stresses in Nontubular Connection Welds .ccccccccccssssessscssecssescsssescscssssevsvessestavsesessaavasavaeacaes 13 Fatigue Stress Provisions— Tension or Reversal Stresses (Nontubulars) .cccccccccccsescesescssescececsscescccececes 14 Allowable Stresses in Tubular Connection Welds .c.c.ccccccscsscscsessescscsssssesssesesversesussssscsssnsesesucecsesenesesanseass 21 Stress Categories for Type and Location of Material for Circular Sections .c.cccccssssecssscescesrsscsssesecseeees 24 Fatigue Category Limitations on Weld Size or Thickness and Weld Profile Tubular Connections) 26

Z Loss Dimension for Calculating Prequalified PJP T-,Y-, and K-Tubular Connection Minimum

Terms for Strength of Connections (Circular Sections) .c.cccccsccecssesssscsecsscssssssssescevsussveceseeseucevansvsatsvavavars 33 Prequalified Base Metal— Filer Metal Combinations for Matching Strength -ccccccceccrecves 42 Prequalified Minimum Preheat and Interpass TemperatUFE :- ¿5s s s nh HT E121 1x11 te 46 Filler Metal Requirements for Exposed Bare Applications of ASTM A588 Steel .c :ccccccesessessecesssseaees 48 Minimum Prequalified PỊP Weld SiZ€S SH LH HH HH H111 Ea 88 Joint Detail Applications for Prequalified CJP T-, Y-, and K-Tubular Connections cccccccccccscscsecsseeseees 93 Prequalified Joint Dimensions and Groove Angles for Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in

Tubular T-, Y, and K-Connections Made by Shielded Metal Arc, Gas Metal Arc (Short Circuiting

Transfer) and Flux Cored Arc Welding cv k1 2 HH HT HH chớ 94 Prequalified WPS RequireTm€nIS - n2 2t t1 11 1121121211212 11 112117 11c TH HH1 7111p e 95 WPS Qualification — Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate, Pipe, and Box Tube Tests 109 WPS Qualification—Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds: Number and Type of Test

Specimens and Range of Thickness and Diameter Qualified .0.00.cccccccscsssssssssesesecesestssessesscstsseatseseaee 110 Number and Type of Test Specimens and Range of Thickness Qualified WPS Qualification;

Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds 0.0 cccccessssssssssesssscssescssesessesscsscsesnesssatsucassvsecsesseansassusstsevaneaveceecaves 112 Number and Type of Test Specimens and Range of Thickness Qualified —WPS Qualification;

Fillet Welds .cscssccscscssssssesesssssssesuesussesnecnssussnesessusensaneesesscssssssssasseussnssecssessesecavsassasausavseueresaneareansataacareace 112 POR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification for SMAW, SAW, GMAW,

l8 30060 00 na ga a11 113 PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification for Electroslag or Electrogas

Table 3.1 and Annex M Steels Qualified by PQR Steels G1 1 1 nh nhan 117 Welder Qualification—-Production Welding Positions Qualified by Plate, Pipe, and Box Tube Tests 138 Welder and Welding Operator Qualification—Number and Type of Specimens and Range of

Thickness and Diameter Qualified .c.cccccccceccssscssssessscecscsccsscsevssacseseassesssesassesesesavssseussestsseveveseceececee 139 Welding Personnel Performance Essential Variable Changes Requiring Requalification - 151 Electrode Classification Groups c.sscsecsssssssssssssesnesesessucscsessssucsccusscscsucsesnssesansusatssarsasasstesesisssscesseeveeven 151 Permissible Atmospheric Exposure of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes .ccseccssssssssssessssesesessesteseeseseeseseeeece 156 Minimum Holding Time St tt nh HT TH TT HH TH THỦ KH T1 1 1H HH teưệc 158

Limits on Acceptability and Repair of MII Induced Laminar Discontinuities in Cut Surfaces 160 Tubular Root Opening TỌ€rA'C€S 0t n2 2212 TH HH HE HH Hư Hee rng 166 Camber Tolerance for Typical GirdeT - c cc St tt HT HH 1 111111 11 E111 reo 167 Camber Tolerance for Girders without a Designed Concrete Haunchi c.ccccccccssssssssssscececescscssescecssessseeces 167 Minimum Fillet Weld SỈZ€S c1 nen HT net re rg 168 Visual Inspection Acceptance CTIITIA -sccs cc tà x2 HH HH HH n1 2H Hee eeree 176

XXXI

Impact Test Đequir€Im€nI9 ác TT T21 1111211211101 1 T1 11 1c HH HH1 12112 1 xe 237 Code Requirements that may be Changed by WPS Qualification Tests KH TH HH ng ri, 239 Susceptibility Index Grouping as Function of Hydrogen Level “H” and Composition Parameter Pom 271 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperatures for Three Levels of Restraint .cccccccscssecssecceceseceeessesees 271 Typical Current Ranges for Short Circuiting Transfer Gas Metal Arc Welding of Steel - 275 2Acceptance-ReJection CTI(€TÏA ch 011111111 1011 HH HH5 TE 11 0n ca 334 Survey of Diameter/Thickness and Flat Width/Thickness Limits for Tubes - 5c ccccSc 22s ssercree 362 Suggested Design Factors .cccsscscseseeseecssssssssessesssssesesessacsssesessascscscavsvsvsessseseceasacacausavavacacevavavavavanensves 371 Z0 .AAä 372

Siructural Steel Pipe and Tubular Shapes ác 5 HT net ĐH TH HH ky 374 Structural Steel Shapes T21 21111211 n1 1H11 1H rrree 374 Classification Matrix for AppliCAtÏOTS ác cv St 12112212111 2121111 1111111111 T S11 tre 375

HAZ iotch Toughness ch HH H121 E111 ng 12 1e 388 Ultrasonic Acceptance Criteria for 2 in (50 mm) Welding, Using a 70° Probe c.ccccsecssesesessessssereeeees 406

Relationship Between Plate Thickness and Burr RĐadius 2 ng neo 420

XXxIH

Fillet Welds on Opposite Sides of a Common Plane of Contact ccceseccsssceseseesssesesenecsesesesesecscseseeees 20

Allowable Fatigue Stress and Strain Ranges for Stress Categories (See Table 2.6), Redundant

Tubular Structures for Atmospheric S€TVIC€ cà HH TT HH1 TT HT TT Hà TH TT HH Cu 26 Parts Of a Tubular Conn€cCtiO cá cà TY HH HH TH TH 1T HT TH TH HT HT TH diệt 27 Fillet Welded Lap Joint (Tubular) cách HH HH 1211 HT HH nh HH HH HH Hiện 30 Tubular T-, Y-, and K-Connection Fillet Weld Footprint Radiu§ các se rệc 31

Detail of Overlapping ÏOinI - Sex T2 11101111710 2k1 T111111111111111411111121101 1c 111v 35 Limitations for Box T-, Y-, and K-Connections 00 0 ccccccccccceecccocseessceaccussesecessccesceceassecsssesseecacersssesssesssees 36 Overlapping T-, Y-, and K-Comnections ccceccccsscessesseseeestsesenssesesanseesssesesseecsessesescsesesasssssscetessessseuveves 37 Weld Bead in which Depth and Width Exceed the Width of the Weld Face .ccccccccsscssscsssscssseessteees 48 Fillet Welded Prequalified Tubular Joints Made by Shielded Metal Arc, Gas Metal Arc, and

Flux Cored Arc Welding uc Hà HH HH HH TT TT Hà TH HH TH HH kg 50 Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welded Joint Details .cccccsecsceesssesssesescneeeeeees 52 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welded Joint Details c ccccccecceceeeessesscessecsees 66

Prequalified Joint Details for CIP T-, Y-, and K-Tubular Connections .c.ccceccccecessesesessseseseessseseeseesens 92

Definitions and Detailed Selections for Prequalified CJP T-, Y-, and K-Tubular Connections 93 Prequalified Joint Details for Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in Tubular

T-, Y-, and K-Connections—Standard Flat Profiles for Limited Thickness c.ccccccccsccesseesseeesececsceesecs 96 Prequalified Joint Details for Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in Tubular

T-, Y-, and K-Connections—Profile with Toe Fillet for Intermediate Thickï€$s co co con ssscvz 97 Prequalified Joint Details for Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in Tubular

T-, Y-, and K-Connections—Concave Improved Profile for Heavy Sections or Fatigue 98 Prequalified Skewed T-Joint Details (Nontubular) ccccesseccsssssssesecsscvscsssscoesseevsceceresersesessscsarsscesseetece 99 Positions Of Groove WW€ÏS nh HH HT HT HH TH HH HT HT TH TH TT HT gu 103 Positions of Eillet WeÌdS HH HH1 110101011 ng TH TT HH 104 Positions of Test Plates for Groove W€IS cu cv HT 101011210111 HT TH TT HT cá Hay 105 Positions of Test Pipe or Tubing for Groove We]ds - ĐT nt HH H TH ng HH HH ney 106 Positions of Test Plate for Eillet W€ÏdS ch SH H HH1 HH án thư 107 Positions of Test Pipes or Tubing for Eillet Welđs ác St HH HH HH TH HH 0101112111111 cr re 108 Location of Test Specimens on Welded Test Pipe c2 2H12 n1 HH ngư 118 Location of Test Specimens for Welded Box Tubing .ccccccccccsssesscsessesecsceressssssesccrscusvaccaesseresateasens 118

Verification for Fillet Weld WPS Qualification cuc nh HT ng HT ng HT He 133 Tubular Butt Joint— Welder or WPS Qualification— without Backing .cccccccccsccsesscecesessessesveaceseesees 134 Tubular Butt Joint— Welder or WPS Qualification —with Backing c ccecceccccsscssesescesetsseeseesessesseecesees 134 Acute Angle Heel Test (Restraints not SHOWN) .c.cecccssssscessssesessescesecesses-sssvecessecuesactavsesssavsesesececsececeecees 135 Test Joint for T-, Y-, and K-Connections without Backing on Pipe or Box Tubing — Welder and

WPS Qualification 136 Comer Macroetch Test Joint for T-, Y-, and K-Connections without Backing on Box Tubing

for Complete Joint Penetration — Welder and WPS Qualification c c.cccccccsscsscsssecsssesscscscsscssescssessesesvasees 136 Optional Test Plate for Unlimited Thickness— Horizontal Position—— Welder Qualification 143 Test Plate for Limited Thickness—AI] Positions — Welder Qualification .cccccccccscssssssscosscesesseseeececeeeees 144 Optional Test Plate for Limited Thickness— Horizontal Position—-Welder Qualification 144 Fillet Weld Root Bend Test Plate— Welder or Welding Operator—Option 2 .c.cccccscsccssessssscsesseeseeseeses 145 Fillet Weld Break and Macroetch Test Plate— Welder or Welding Operator Qualification —

Plug Weld Macroetch Test Plate— Welding Operator or Welder Qualification c.cccccccccscsssseescsssesecseeesees 149 Fillet Weld Break Specimen—Tack Welder Qualification ccccccccccscsessesssssseesssesessescsesvssesteatsseecaseavece 150 Edge Discontinuities in Cut Material cscseesessssesscssesesecsssssscsscsssssssssssssecsscecssestsstsacatesisassstesesseseses 161

Workmanship Tolerances in Assembly of Groove Welded Joints .cc.cccccsssssssssesstessessecsesseeseessesecseessves 166 Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles .:.csscesssssesssssstcsesssssessessessveasssesecsussssaesucarsssssvaressenesevesens 170 Weld Quality Requirements for Elongated Discontinuities as Determined by Radiography for

Statically Loaded Nontubular StTUCtUF€S 5c n1 211 1111121211111 E181 Teen 178 Maximum Acceptable Radiographic Images Per 6.12.3 ] cccscsccsscccsssssssesssssssesessesececaresesussesesseerescesesesvece 179 For Radiography of Tubular Joints 1-1/8 in (29 mm) and Greater, Typical of Random Acceptable

DisCOntinuUifπS oo eee es cecesessessssseseeseenessesussussssesansssecseensansssssesessssarssussnssussnesarsessssecsusatsaseieaseatsssssseavereseses 180 Weld Quality Requirements for Discontinuities Occurring in Nontubular Tension Welds

(Limitations of Porosity and Fusion Discontinuities) .ccccccccssssssecssesssessecsesscsusscssesseessssessesssssesseveceesees 181 Weld Quality Requirements for Discontinuities Occurring in Nontubular Compression Welds

(Limitations of Porosity or Fusion-Type DiscontinuitieS) co sen n2 ng nen ren 182 Weld Quality Requirements for Elongated Discontinuities as Determined by Radiography of

Tubular Joints dadaddddddaadÝÝ 184 Class R Indications ccecccsscsssesesssessesnssesssanessesesnesuesnsssssessssusassonsanssessussusavsarssusavassarsasassuasarsessavsavereevees 19] Class X IndicatiOns ch H10 210112121 reo 194 Hole-Type Image Quality Indicator (IQT) Design 2- Án TT n2 HT ree 197 Image Quality Indicator (Wire Penetrameter) sscccn n1 1271111211 EE TT à nen ree 198

XXXV

Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire IQI Locations on Approximately Equal

Thickness Joints 10 in (255 mm) and Greater in Length -. c cceehhhhhHhhhHrdeHederrhee 200 Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire QI Locations on Approximately Equal

Thickness Joints Less Than 10: in (255 mm) in Length - sành HH hiện 201 Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire IQI Locations on Transition Joints

10 in (255 mm) and Greater in Length .ccceceseecesecnereerenseeneeesesneneneneneensasatiseeesnrsasasssennscarieeseseesanens 202 Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire IQI Locations on Transition Joints

Less Than 10 in (255 mm) in Length cccsssesenssenesenenseecereneeceeasetssssenssneneneseneessrenaneeenenenesasessenenens 203 Radiographic Edge BIOCKS c:.csssesseecssseessesneenesnesnssneenereressesseneesesssaneenerasencaenesisnieatasecnssessnsseseneenenesns ees 203 Single-Wall Exposure——Single-Wall VIeW .ehhhhrrrrrrrrrrrrririrrrrdrrrrrrrrrrrrenranitriniie 204 Double-Wall Exposure— Single-Wall VIeW che HH HH tr ren 204 Double-Wall Exposure—Double-Wall (Elliptical) View, Minimum TwWoO EXpOSUF€S ecccằc 205 Double-Wall Exposure—Double-Wall View, Minimum Three Exposures ssssesescseeeiecies essences 205 Transducer CryStaÌ cà c2 212212 tt Hà H00 11 1010101712221 010100100 206 Qualification Procedure of Search Unit Using IIW Reference Block -eecerreeeeererrerrrerre 207 International Institute of Welding (TW) Ultrasonic Reference Blocks -ceecerrerrrrrerrre 208 Qualification Blocks cc+ sec tttHtrrrHHhrHrrrrrrrrrrdrrrrirrdir 209 Plan View of ƯT Scanning Patterns chinh HH 1rttrrrreiridrrerrrrrrrire 210 Scanning Techniqu€s sccncct r2 100011 nn1nnnnn1elrrrrrrrrrrrrdrer 216 Transducer Positions (TypDICA]) - cách HH 2H H2 tt 81 11H nHrnedrertre 218 Dimension and Tolerances of Standard-Type Shear Connectors .::cceseeeeceesesseeeesereeeecneenenseenennetee tenes 223 Typical Tension Test Fixture .ccccccseeseeeeseeseeseceeresnssersesnsssessssesnesceiseconsasenenneesiseeenserensaseeseseaseseieesteeay 225 Torque Testing Arrangement and Table of Testing TorqueS cccceeeeireerrrerrrrrrrrrdrrrrdin 227 Location of WPS Charpy Sp€Cim€TS cv nhe như HH dt HH Hi re 236 Temperature-Moisture Content Chart to be Used in Conjunction with Testing Program

to Determine Extended Atmospheric Exposure Time of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes -. - 254 Application of Temperature-Moisture Content Chart in Determining Atmospheric

Exposure Time of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes . -ccceceenererrrrrrrrmrrrrrrrrrrrrrdrrrrrrrrdee 255 Bend Testing DeViC€ tình tt HH8 n11Hnnerrereririre 258 Suggested Type of Device for Qualification Testing of Smal] Studs cece terete eects 258 Other Approved Blocks and Typical Transducer Position .c secs escent teens resents nett 260 Zone Classification of Steels secseaeeceuehensevsveacsvsussesuesesueseseeseneeseicseeseesissotisieecseessaaesesesseeccesseansaecaesaarentae 265 Critical Cooling Rate for 350 VH and 400 VH cenieihehhhhrdrdrrdtdredrrtrrdrrrrrirrrriie 265 Graphs to Determine Cooling Rates for Single-Pass Submerged Arc Fillet Welds - 267 Relation Between Fillet Weld Size and Energy Ínpult chi th Ho HH 270 Oscillograms and Sketches of Short Circuiting Arc Metal Transfer -. -cereeeeeerrerrrrrrrrrre 276 Example of the Use of Form D-8 Ultrasonic Unit Certification -. cccceeerrrrrrerrrrrrrrtrrrrrrre 289

Example of the Use of Form D-10 cccccssesesesecneeeecnesseeticsiesssessneasiceseesensaseneneeataseneneenennensanensnneececay 293 Standard Reference Reflector .cccccccceccesseceeseeceserceseesenssscesecnessesseseseesecseceseeseeeeeeneseeenesesaseneenessereaesseaes 325

5 si sfIR@:)1ri)i8:192 00177 325 Typical Standard Reflector (Located in Weld Mock-Ups and Production Welds) ee 326

Compression Wave Depth (Horizontal Sweep Calibration) eeeerrerrerrrtrrtrrrrrrrrrrrerr 327

Compression Wave Sensitivity Calibration ceccetehhhhhhhHhhhtdugdhtrhrrrrrirrr 328

Shear Wave Distance and Sensitivity Calibration " 328 Scanning Meth0đ6s ccccrcntntnhtHH 2 HH h1 0.0 tt HH 0110101 330 Spherical Discontinuity Characteristics .c.cssesseeseeecreeeseeseesseceeersseeseensesseneasaseassesenscnensecneencenennsaety 331 Cylindrical Discontinuity CharaCf€TIStICS ni thhhthhhhHhhhHHrrrrHrrrrrrrrreiie 331 Planar Discontinuity CharaCf€TiSEICS so St HHnhhhHH HH ưng 1102 1H 332 Discontinuity Height Dimension -.cs-c-csnetntHnnhHH HH Hư Hi tt 332 Discontinuity Length Dimension ch nhe he H4 tHHrưtrrưttrưrrrg tre 333 Display Screen Marking ch thành HH HH ghê 335 Report of Ultrasonic Examination (Alternative Proc€duF€) c«ceerrerhrdrrrrrdrrrtrrdrrirrrie 336 Definition of Terms for Computed Alpha - -cctcnhHHhHhnHhưhưhhHa Hit Hư thư 338

YANG

List of Figures

Commentary

C2.1 Examples of Lap Joints ha 348 C2.2 Balancing of Fillet Welds About a Neutral AXis .cccccccscssecsscsssesessesessescesscesesecsecsnessuseessessesscouenssanenaes 349 C2.3 Shear Planes for Fillet and Groove W€ÌS cv HH2 HT KT HH Hà ngà HT TK Tà HH TH 350 C2.4 Minimum Length of Longitudinal Eilet Welds in End Connections 2- cv St crce 351 2S in na 4Ả 351 C2.6 Load Deformation Relationship for Welds .cccceccsessesssesssscsssesesssesssessseescsesenssecsesesassessescsnscsessssvecsesees 352 C2.7 Maximum Clear Spacing When Using Intermittent Welds in Connections Between Rolled Members 353 C2.8 Local Buckling Under Compression .ceccccescesssesssesesenssesesssesesescsesenesesesesaesssssessssseeeasssvesecsesceeseesesnscas 353 C2.9 Application ofEdq I to Eillet Welded Memtbers tt 1112110211111201111 11 0 key 354 C2.10 Eillet Welds in Axial COmpDT€SSIOT Là HS né SH HH1 1011111111 4101 Hà nà HT TT TH HT Hư, 354 C2.11 Typical Structural AppliCatiOTS ác ch HT HH TT HT Tà TH Tàn H401 1c 355 C2.12 Example ofthe Application of Intermittent Welds in Tension Members co sec rey 356 C2.13 Examples of BOxing HH HH H12 1111111111111 1111 0211.1011111 HH0 re 356 C2.14 Single Filet Welded Lap JOinIS ctntnnS H11 0111111101 0111 HH Hàng HT TH TT TT TT này 357 C2.15 Transition in Thickness Between Unequal Mermb€rS -c cc ch 1 91214111121 111 TH HH HH key 358 C2.16 Application of Intermittent Fillet Welds to Stiffeners in Beams and Girders s cac ceceececce 359

C2.18 Relationship of Terminal Development to Weld S1Z€ ác c HH TH HH HH HH ru 361 C2.19 Ilustrations of Branch Member Stresses Corresponding to Mode of Loading -ccccecce 363 C2.20 Improved Weld Profile RequirermeniS chén H111 111111 111411201411 110111111 trey 363 C2.21 Simplified Concept of Punching Sh€äT ác HH H101 1114011120101 TH HH1 01c 365 C2.22 Reliability of Punching Shear Criteria Using Computed Alpha c c2 HH HH HH HH rà re, 367 | C2.23 Transiiion Between Gap and Overlap ConnIECtiOTS cát tt HH HH TH HT Tre, 369 C2.24 Partial Length Groove W€IL - cv 1111111101011 120111 0111 10111 H1 TH TH HT TH TH TT Hung 369 52550) 8: 00 nh .Ầ 370

C3.1 Examples of Centerline Cracking ố ố ẻố.G.(((3-Ả 380 C3.2 Details of Alternative Groove Preparations for Prequalified Corner Joints .:.cccccccscessceccsssesesesenees 382 C4.1 Type of Welding on Pipe That Does Not Require Pipe Qualification c- co c nen 390 C5.1 Examples of Unacceptable Reentrant Corners cccccccsssessssessssestsesacsesececsesassesassecsssasecvavsecavssasvisesteaeees 395 C5.2 Examples of Good Practice for Cutting COD€S LH th HH1 1020111 11111100101 HT TH HH HH ren 395 C5.3 Permissible Offsetin Abutting MemberS - 2v n2 HH HT TH TT HH HH HH HH ch nay 397

C5.5 Typical Method to Determine Variations in Girder Web FÌÏatn€s§ Q2 Sn TT SH HH 0 se, 398 C5.6 Ilustraton Showing Camber Measurement Methods c5 TS HT HH HH He, 399 C5.7 Measurement of Flange Warpage and Tilt oo ceccssscssssssesssesesesesssecasecesscseseassesessesssesseesscssesetsevesecsees 400 C5.8 Tolerances at Bearing POInES càng HH1 1111 H111 HH TH TT T HT gà KH HT 111kg 40I

C8.2 — Fatigue LiÍe SẶ SH 111211 181111 KT HH KH HH rớt 419 C8.3 Toe Dressing with Burr Grinder ccccsescsseessstcescseeseseeessesesseasaeseesssassesssecsesscsesatsevsssessnsssseesvavssvessneenass 420

9 AM 0) on no na .aA: 420 C8.5 Effective Toe Grinding tt HH HH TH Tế HH H11 H101 1111k HT nà HT TH HC HH TT TT 420 C8.6 End Crinding ST HT H1 11111111 111 H011 HT TH HT HT HT TH HH 421 C8.7 Hammer Peening sce cố cố cố 6.6 -‹-ŒäŒẦäẦậà)) 421 0.159 422

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