After completing this chapter you should be able to: Identify items considered cash, indicate how to report cash and related items, define receivables and identify the different types of receivables, explain accounting issues related to recognition of accounts receivable, explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable...and other contents.
Trang 2C H A P T E R 7
CASH AND RECEIVABLES
Intermediate Accounting
13th Edition
Trang 4What is cash?
Reporting cash Summary of cash- related items
Recognition of accounts receivable
Valuation of accounts receivable
Recognition of notes receivable
Valuation of notes receivable
Cash and Receivables
Cash and Receivables
Trang 5Most liquid asset Standard medium of exchange Basis for measuring and accounting for all items Current asset
Examples : coin, currency, available funds on deposit at the bank,
What is Cash?
What is Cash?
Cash
Trang 7purposes.
Examples , restricted for:
(1) plant expansion, (2) retirement of longterm debt, and (3) compensating balances.
Reporting Cash
Reporting Cash
Restricted Cash
Illustration 71
Trang 8When a company writes a check for more than the amount in its cash account.
Reporting Cash
Reporting Cash
Bank Overdrafts
Generally reported as a current liability.
Offset against cash account only when available cash is present in another account in the same bank on which the overdraft occurred.
Trang 9Summary of CashRelated Items
Illustration 72
Trang 10Receivables
Written promises to pay a sum of money on a specified future date.
Trang 12Receivables
Receivables
Illustration 73
Trang 13Recognition of Accounts Receivables
Trade Discounts Reductions from the list price Not recognized in the
accounting records Customers are billed net of discounts
Trade Discounts
Reductions from the list price Not recognized in the
accounting records Customers are billed net of discounts
10 % Discount for new Retail Store
Trang 14Recognition of Accounts Receivables
Cash Discounts
Inducements for prompt payment Gross Method vs. Net
Method
Cash Discounts
Inducements for prompt payment Gross Method vs. Net
Method
Payment terms are 2/10, n/30
Trang 15Recognition of Accounts Receivables
Cash Discounts (Sales Discounts)
Illustration 74
Trang 18E75: On June 3, Bolton Company sold to Arquette Company merchandise having a
sale price of $2,000 with terms of 2/10, n/60, f.o.b. shipping point. Prepare the journal entries on Bolton Company books to record the sale assuming Bolton records sales using the net method , and Arquette did not remit payment until July 29.
Trang 21Current Assets:
Cash $ 346
Accounts receivable 500
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (25) 475
Inventory 812
Prepaids 40 Total current assets 1,673 Fixed Assets:
Office equipment 5,679
Assets
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 22Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 24Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 25Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 26
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 27
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 28
15 Est
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 29
15 Est
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 30
15 Est
W/O 10
10 W/O
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 31Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Accounting for Accounts Receivable
Trang 32Valuation of Accounts Receivable
Reporting Receivables
Classification Valuation (net realizable value) Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
Sales on account raise the possibility of accounts not being collected.
Trang 34Allowance Method Losses are Estimated:
Percentageofsales Percentageofreceivables GAAP
Methods of Accounting for Uncollectible Accounts
Direct WriteOff Theoretically undesirable:
Trang 35Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
Income Statement Approach
Income Statement Approach
Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Approach
Trang 36Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
PercentageofSales Approach matches costs with revenues because it relates the charge to the period in which a company records the sale.
Appropriate if there is a fairly stable relationship between previous years’ credit sales and bad debts.
Trang 37PercentageofSales Approach
Trang 39Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
What entry would Wilson make assuming that no
balance existed in the allowance account?
Trang 40Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
What entry would Wilson make assuming the allowance account had a credit balance
of $800 before adjustment ?
Trang 41Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
E77 (Recording Bad Debts) Sandel Company reports the following financial information before adjustments.
Instructions: Prepare the journal entry to record bad debt expense assuming
Sandel Company estimates bad debts at
Trang 42Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
E77 (Recording Bad Debts) Sandel Company reports the following financial information before adjustments.
Instructions: Prepare the journal entry assuming Sandel estimates bad debts at (a)
1% of net sales
Trang 43Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
E77 (Recording Bad Debts) Sandel Company reports the following financial information before adjustments.
Instructions: Prepare the journal entry assuming Sandel estimates bad debts at (b)
5% of accounts receivable
Trang 46Recognition of Notes Receivable
Generally originate from:
Customers who need to extend payment period of an outstanding receivable
Highrisk or new customers Loans to employees and subsidiaries Sales of property, plant, and equipment Lending transactions (the majority of notes)
Trang 47Note Issued at Face Value
Trang 49Note Issued at Face Value
PV of Interest
Trang 50$10,000 x .75132 = $7,513
Note Issued at Face Value
Note Issued at Face Value
PV of Principal
Trang 51Summary Present value of interest $ 2,487
Present value of principal 7,513 Note current market value $10,000
Trang 52Illustration: Jeremiah Company receives a threeyear, $10,000 zerointerest
Trang 53ZeroInterestBearing Note
PV of Principal
Trang 54ZeroInterestBearing Note
Illustration 711
Trang 56Illustration: Morgan Corp. makes a loan to Marie Co. and receives in exchange a threeyear, $10,000 note bearing interest at 10 percent annually. The market rate
of interest for a note of similar risk is 12 percent. How does Morgan record the receipt of the note?
Trang 57InterestBearing Note
PV of Interest
Trang 58$10,000 x .71178 = $7,118
InterestBearing Note
InterestBearing Note
PV of Principal
Trang 59Illustration: How does Morgan record the receipt of the note?
InterestBearing Note
InterestBearing Note
Illustration 713
Trang 60InterestBearing Note
Illustration 714
Trang 64Valuation of Notes Receivable
ShortTerm reported at Net Realizable Value (same as accounting for accounts receivable).
LongTerm FASB requires companies disclose not only their cost but also their fair value in the notes to the financial statements.
Fair Value Option Companies have the option to use fair value as the
basis of measurement in the financial statements.
Trang 66Disposition of Accounts and Notes Receivable
Owner may transfer accounts or notes receivables to another company for cash.
Trang 67Disposition of Accounts and Notes Receivable
Secured Borrowing
Illustration: March 1, 2010, Howat Mills, Inc. provides (assigns) $700,000 of its accounts receivable to Citizens Bank as collateral for a $500,000 note. Howat Mills continues to collect the accounts receivable; the account debtors are not
notified of the arrangement. Citizens Bank assesses a finance charge of 1 percent
of the accounts receivable and interest on the note of 12 percent. Howat Mills makes monthly payments to the bank for all cash it collects on the receivables. See Illustration 715.
Trang 68Secured Borrowing Illustration
Secured Borrowing Illustration
Trang 69E713: On April 1, 2010, Prince Company assigns $500,000 of its
accounts receivable to the Third National Bank as collateral for a $300,000 loan due July 1,
2010. The assignment agreement calls for Prince Company to continue to collect the receivables. Third National Bank assesses a finance charge of 2% of the accounts receivable, and interest on the loan is 10% (a realistic rate of interest for a note of this type).
Trang 70Exercise 713 continued
Dat e A c c o unt T it le De b it Cr e d it (a) Cas h 2 9 0 ,0 0 0
Financ e Char g e 10 ,0 0 0
No te s Pay ab le 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ($ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 x 2 % = $ 10 ,0 0 0 )
Trang 71Factors are finance companies or banks that buy receivables from businesses for a fee.
Sales of Receivables
Sales of Receivables
Illustration 716
Trang 72Purchaser assumes risk of collection Transfer is outright sale of receivable Seller records loss on sale
Seller use Due from Factor (receivable) account to cover discounts, returns, and allowances
Sales of Receivables
Sales of Receivables
Sale With Recourse
Seller guarantees payment to purchaser
Trang 73Illustration 717
Trang 74Illustration: Assume Crest Textiles sold the receivables on a with recourse basis. Crest Textiles determines that this recourse obligation has a fair value of $6,000. To determine the loss on the sale of the receivables, Crest Textiles computes
Trang 75Illustration : Prepare the journal entries for both Crest Textiles and Commercial Factors for the receivables sold with recourse
Trang 76The FASB concluded
Trang 78Illustration 723
Trang 80 The FASB, the IASB have adopted a piecemeal approach in which disclosure of fair
value information in the notes is the first step. The second step is the fair value option.
iGAAP and U.S. GAAP standards on the fair value option are similar but not
identical.
iGAAP and U.S. GAAP differ in the criteria used to derecognize a receivable.
Trang 88Reconciliation of Bank Balances Illustration 7A1
Bank Reconciliation Form and Content
Trang 89Reconciliation of Bank Balances
Trang 90Illustration 7A2
Trang 94Background Example: Subprime loan crisis.
Trang 95Background Example: Subprime loan crisis.
Subprime lending was a little over
$50 billion in 2000 and had
increased almost ten times by 2005.
Illustration 7B1
Trang 96Background Example: Subprime loan crisis.
Trang 98Illustration: At December 31, 2009, Ogden Bank recorded an investment of $100,000
in a loan to Carl King. The loan has an historical effectiveinterest rate of 10 percent, the principal is due in full at maturity in three years, and interest is due annually. The loan
officer performs a review of the loan’s expected future cash flow and utilizes the present value method for measuring the required impairment loss.
Illustration 7B3
Trang 99Illustration: Computation of Impairment Loss
Illustration 7B4
Recording Impairment Losses
Trang 100Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner
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