Từ vựng – ngữ nghĩa học

Some morphemes are capable about Phản hồi The corect answer is: Some morphemes are capable of Because: The whole structure is “ to be capable of doing smth ” Grammar, which is inseparabl

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Lexicology also ……… all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms,

antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a A giving sound pattern

b A given sound model

c A given sound track

d A given sound pattern Câu trả lời đúng

Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a given stage of its development A root may be also regarded as the ultimate constituent element which remains ……… all functional and derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis

a After the removal for

b After the removal of Câu trả lời đúng

c After the move of

d After the removing of

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the ……… of a language

a Parts of speech

b Vocabulary Câu trả lời đúng

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a Denoting the smallest unit

b Denotative the smallest unit

c Denote the smallest unit Câu trả lời đúng

d Denotation the smallest unit

Phản hồi

The corect answer is: Denote the smallest unit

Because : This phrase is grammatically correct It should be an infinitive

It may be easily ………that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as boyhood, boyish and others are very much the same

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a Some morphemes are capable of Câu trả lời đúng

b Some morphemes are capable for

c Some morphemes are capable for

d Some morphemes are capable about

Phản hồi

The corect answer is: Some morphemes are capable of

Because: The whole structure is “ to be capable of doing smth ”

Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the

The corect answer is: Structure

Because: This word conveys the most suitable meanings

According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixes ………into prefixes, suffixes and infixes

a The last are further subdivided, according to their position

b The latest are further subdivided, according to their position

c The later are further subdivided, according to their position

d The latter are further subdivided, according to their position Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : The latter are further subdivided, according to their position Because : “The latter “ is used to express the second thing of the two

Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with ……… of the

vocabulary and the changes it has undergone Ex In descriptive lexicology the words

« to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not to be different from such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc But in historical lexicology they are treated as borrowed words

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The corect answer is: The development

Because there should be a noun after a preposition

A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not, it is

a bound form, so called because ………

a It is always bound to something else Câu trả lời đúng

b It is always bound by something else

c It is always bound for something else

d It is always bound with something else

Phản hồi

The corect answer is: It is always bound to something else

Because: The whole structure should be “ to be bound to something ”

It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous with the word This fact is of fundamental importance as ……… arising from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from its phonemic system on the other

a It is one of the most specifiable features of the English language

b It is one of the most specific features of the English language Câu trả lời đúng

c It is one of the most specification features of the English language

d It is one of the most specified features of the English language

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The corect answer is : Concerned

Because: the whole structure is “ to be concerned with ”

Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect It is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the ………time

The corect answer is: Present

Because: this phrase is grammatically correct

General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary ……… the specific features of any particular language

The corect answer is : Irrespective of

Because: the whole structure is ” irrespective of ”

An infix is ……….placed with in the word, like – n – in stand The type

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c An affixational

d A affix

An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part of speech it belongs This holds true ………i.e nouns, verbs, adjectives Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e roots capable of producing new words, usually are

a Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech, Câu trả lời đúng

b Even with respect about inflexible parts of speech,

c Even with respect for inflexible parts of speech,

d Even with respect of inflexible parts of speech,

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech

Because: The right preposition after the phrase “with respect ” is “to”

A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated compounds Ablaut is a term defining ……… of two elements, e.g zigzag; or tick-tock Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress

interjections

a Vowel changed or alternation

b Vowel change or alternating

c Vowel changing or alternation

d Vowel change or alternation Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Vowel change or alternation

Because: This phrase can maintain the parallelism

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Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau words”

……… fragments of two or more words

The corect answer is : Which consist of

Because the verb “consist” always goes with the preposition “of”

………… may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case (headmaster’s); 3rd person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted forms (we´re); comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking)

The corect answer is : Inflectional suffixes

Because: The the right form of the linguistic term is “ Inflectional suffixes ”

A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and……… , cf to hearten – to dishearten It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep

a Modifying meaning Câu trả lời đúng

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The corect answer is : Modifying meaning

Because: There should be a gerund in the phrase

Clipping is ……….in English language which “economises” words Clipping “clips”, i.e shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original meaning Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:

a A relative new trend

b A relation new trend

c A related new trend

d A relatively new trend Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : A relatively new trend

Because: The right word must be an adverb to modify the adjective new

Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements The major

motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g flower-power; or brain-drain Formation of

………compounds is a very productive process excessively used in advertising or journalese style and, consequently in everyday speech

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Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Rhyme-motivated

Because: “Rhyme-motivated ” is the right phrasal structure of a compound adjective

Blending is also a new, trendy and ……… which “blends”, i.e joins

fragments of two or more words to create a new form The meaning is being retained Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements are recognisable

The corect answer is : Eye-catching process

Because: The right phrase should be “eye-catching”

………., some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t With a few exceptions prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-t post-), place (in-, ad-), negation (un-, dis-) and remain

semantically rather independent of the stem

a Preceding a verb stem Câu trả lời đúng

b Precedence a verb stem

c Precede a verb stem

d To precede a verb stem

Phản hồi

The corect answer is: Preceding a verb stem

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Because: This part of the sentence is a present participle

……… related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments people use However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the meaning of the non-converted words For example, a skirt denotes a woman’s garment that hangs from the waist

a Conversion employing a vast number of words

b Conversion employ a vast number of words

c Conversion is employed a vast number of words

d Conversion employs a vast number of words

Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Conversion employs a vast number of word

Because: “ Employs” is singularly conjugated with the subject “ conversion”

Derivational suffixes ……….of the original word: they may change the word class, specify the word or generalise it Most scholars recognise suffixes forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs

a Effective modify the meaning

b Effectively modify the meaning Câu trả lời đúng

c Effection

modify the meaning

d Effectiveness modify the meaning

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Effectively modify the meaning

Because: The verb should be modified by an adverb

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Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms………, it will be

remembered, is not confined to their respective position, suffixes being «fixed after» and prefixes «fixed before» the stem It also concerns their function and meaning Chọn một câu trả lời:

a The difference between suffixation and prefixes

b The difference between suffixes and prefixation

c The difference between suffixals and prefixes

d The difference between suffixes and prefixes Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : The difference between suffixes and prefixes

Because: The nouns should go side by side in the same form

The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very specific

………by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both among root morphemes and affixes

a Its dependence onto distribution is further enhanced

b Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced Câu trả lời đúng

c Its dependence for distribution is further enhanced

d Its dependence upon distribution is further enhanced

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced

Because: The whole phrase should be “ dependence on “

Some English words can change their word class ……… their form Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g a Mother) or as verbs (to mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections Such change of a word class without any derivative means is called conversion

a Without changing their form

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b Without being changing their form

c Without any change their form

d Without being changed their form Câu trả lời không đúng

If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component of the word’s lexical meaning…………, the reason why suffixes are as a rule semantically fused with the stem stands explained

a By mark the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs

b By marked the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word

belongs

c By marking the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word

belongs Câu trả lời đúng

d By marker the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word

belongs

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : By marking the general class of phenomena to which the

referent of the word belongs

Because: After a preposition, there should be a gerund

A suffix is a ……….following the stem and forming a new derivative in a

different part of speech or a different word class, cf – en, – y, – less in hearten, hearty, heartless

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Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Derivational morpheme

Because: The right term used in the linguistic field is “derivational morpheme ”

Lexicology is …………derivational affixes, the other group being the domain of

grammarians The derivational affixes in fact, as well as the whole problem of

word-formation, form a boundary area between lexicology and grammar and are

therefore studied in both

The corect answer is : C

Because: The whole phrase is “to be concerned with ”

……….lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set

of linguistic and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g

The corect answer is: Specialized

Because the right linguistic term is “ Specialized lexicography”

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In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the causes, symptoms,

characteristics and varieties of this disease, various treatments of and remedies for it, ways of infection, etc Though, ………, it is with linguistic dictionaries that

lexicology is closely connected and in our further consideration

The corect answer is : Strictly speaking

Because this phrase is a kind of adverb to be true, it is the disjunct

……….exist in language and are reproduced in speech as ready-made units, whereas free word groups or combinations are created in speech every time we need them

The corect answer is : Set expressions

Because the right term in linguistics is “Set expressions ”

Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely changed meaning but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning cannot be …….the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor, on which the shift of m.eaning was based, has lost its clarity and is obscure

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The corect answer is : Deduced from

Because the word “ deduced” always go with the preposition “from”

Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in alphabetical order With

non-alphabetic languages, it may be different The order in a dictionary with

ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often troublesome and

……….because each character has different readings

The corect answer is: Controversial

Because it should be an adjective

Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts They are ………or, putting it another way, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts

a Motivated units Câu trả lời đúng

b Motivation units

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c Motivating units

d Motivative units

Phản hồi

The corect answer is : Motivated units

Because the right term of linguistics is “motivated units ”

The subjective part of meaning is the connotation of the word

are subjective, they characterize the speaker, his attitude, his social role There are four types of connotation:

By means of Câu trả lời đúng

Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite in meaning

Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects (chair, tree, tiger) have no antonyms Usually adjectives denoting qualities, verbs actions or state and abstract nouns have antonyms

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