BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM

BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 12 CẢ NĂM

b Câu phủ định: S(số ít) + has not +P.P(quá khứ phân từ)

S(số nhiều) + have not

E.x: It (not,rain) hasn’t rained since last week.

c Câu nghi vấn : (Từ để hỏi) + has/have + S + P.P?

2 Cách dùng :

a Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn kéo dài tới hiện tại hoặc tương lai (đi với: for, since).

E.x: I (learn) have learned English for 3 years.

b Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định rõ ràng (đi với “already”).

E.x: She (already, read) has already read this novel.

I (visit) have visited HCM city.

c Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra (đi với “just”).

have/has + just + P.P.

d Ngoài ra, nó còn đi với những từ sau: ever(đã từng), never(chưa bao giờ), yet(chưa), recently, so far = up to now, ever,

số đếm + times, this is the first/ second / third/ fourth … time (đây là lần thứ …)

E.x: How many books have you (read) read so far?

II The simple past tense (thì quá khứ đơn):

1 Cách thành lập:

a Câu khẳng định : S + V+ed/V2

b Câu phủ định : S + didn’t + V(ngm)

E.x: I (not, do) didn’t do my homework yesterday.

c Câu nghi vấn : (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + V(ngm)?

E.x: What did you (do) do last night?

2 Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ, có thời gian xác định rõ ràng (đi với: yesterday, last, ago, in+thời gian trong quá khứ).

E.x: He (die) died in 1980.

b Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn tất trong quá khứ (đi với “for”).

E.x: He (live) lived here for 5 years and he moved to Ho Chi Minh City last week.

c Diễn tả một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tục trong quá khứ.

E.x: He (come) came into the classroom, (sit) sat down and (open) opened the book.

II The past progressive tense(thì quá khứ tiếp diễn):

1 Cách thành lập:

a Câu khẳng định : I/She/He/It/Số ít + was + V+ing

We/You/They/Số nhiều + were

b Câu phủ định: I/She/He/It/Số ít + was + not + V+ing

We/You/They/Số nhiều + were

E.x: I (not, sleep) wasn’t sleeping at this time last week.

c Câu nghi vấn : (Từ để hỏi) + was/were + S + V+ing?

E.x: What were they (do) do at this time yesterday?

2 Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời gian xác định cụ thể (đi với: at this time + thời gian trong quá khứ, at+giờ + o’clock + thời gian trong quá khứ).

E.x: I (learn) was learning my lesson at this time yesterday.

b Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ (đi với while)

E.x: My Mom (cook) was cooking while my Dad (play) was playing chess yesterday.

c Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác cắt ngang, hành động cắt ngang chia ở quá khứ đơn (hành động cắt ngang thường được dùng sau chữ “when”, hành động đang diễn ra được dùng sau “while”).

E.x: I (do) was doing my homework when my friends (come) came.

While I (do) was doing my homework, my friends (come) came.

I Choose the word which has the underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest:

4 A snacks B follows C titles D writers

II Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

1 He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school

2 Are you sure that boys are more _ than girls?

3 Most doctors and nurses have to work on a _ once or twice a week at the hospital

dishes

4 We enjoy _ time together in the evening when the family members gather in the living room after a day of working hard

5 It is parents' duty and responsibility to _ hands to take care of their children and give them a happy home

6 He is a _ boy He is often kind and helpful to every classmate

7 Doctors are supposed to (có nhiệm vụ phải) _ responsibility for human life

8 Sometimes Mr Pike has to work very late _ night to do some important experiments

9 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done

irresponsible

10 According to the boss, John is the most _ for the position of executive secretary

11 She got up late and rushed to the bus stop

12 Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking

13 Whenever problems come up, we discuss them frankly and find solutions quickly

14 He was looking at his parents _, waiting for recommendations

15 My husband and I both go out to work so we share the _

16 You should not burn _ You had better dig a hole and bury it

17 One of Vietnamese traditions is a belief in _ families and in preserving their cultures

18 She _ working on that manuscript (bản thảo) for 2 years now

19 I _ there once a long time ago and _ back since

a went / have not been b go / am not c have gone / was d was going / had not been

20 Last night at this time, they _ the same thing She _ and he _the

Newspaper

a are doing / is cooking / is reading b were doing / was cooking / was reading

c was doing / has cooked / is reading d had done / was cooking /read

21 When I _ home last night, I _ that Jane _ a beautiful candlelight dinner.

a had arrived / discovered / prepared b was arriving / had discovered / was preparing

c have arrived / was discovering / had prepared d arrived / discovered / was preparing

22 Sam _ to change a light bulb when he _ and _

c had been trying / slipped / was falling d has tried / slips / falls

23 The Titanic _ the Atlantic when it _ an iceberg

24 He has lived here since he here

25 She has not written to me we met last time

26 How many times them so far?

27 We for going home when it began to rain

28 Tim his hair while I up the kitchen

29 I am so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her last year

30 As she a letter last night, the lights suddenly out

A was writing/ went B wrote/ went C was writing/ was going D writes/ went

31 I often my uncle’s home when I a child

32 It me half an hour to get to the supermarket yesterday

33 I here for more than 10 years

34 As I my homework, he came yesterday afternoon

35 At this time yesterday, everyone in the room

36 A small stone struck the windshield (kính chắn gió) while we down the road

37 Who when I came?

A were you talking to B are you talking to C you are talking to D you were talking to

38 The foreign guest here for a week

39 He found a watch in the street, and then he to return it to the loser

40 _ any letters from him lately?

A Do you receive B Have you received C Are you receiving D Had you received

III Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to the underlined part that needs correction.

1 Lan has lived in Ho Chi Minh City for 1999

A B C D

2 The Titanic has travelled to New York when it hit an iceberg and sank in the Atlantic

A B C D

3 John and Sarah first met in 1998, and they are married for three year now.

children will have more career choices and more successful lives They make many sacrifices so that their children will have more opportunities They think their children will remain close to them because

of this Some children understand and appreciate these sacrifices and remain close to their parents.However, other children feel ashamed that their parents are so different from other Americans

1 Parents often dream of _

A their children’s making a lot of money in the future

B one day seeing their children become famous people

C one day living on their children’s money

D a bright future for their children

2 Parents who come to the U.S from foreign countries hope that _

A their children will have a lot of careers

B their children become successful directors

C their children will have more opportunities for good education

D their children will make a lot of sacrifices

3 Parents think their children will remain close to them because _

A they give their children a lot of money

B of the sacrifices

C they know their children will be successful in the future

D they are living in a foreign country

4 The word career in line 4 is closest in meaning to _.

5 The word close in line 5 is closest in meaning to _.

VI Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

A. The United States has many different types of families While most American families aretraditional, (1) _ a father, a mother and one or more children, 22 percent of all American families

in 1998 were headed by one parent, usually a woman In a few families in the United States, there are nochildren These (2) _ couples may believe that they would not make good parents; they may wantfreedom from responsibilities of childbearing; or, perhaps they (3) _ physically able to havechildren Other families in the United States have one adult (4) _ a stepparent A stepmother orstepfather is a person who joins a family by marrying a father or a mother

Americans tolerate and accept these different types of families In the United States people haveright to privacy and Americans do not believe in telling other Americans what type of family group theymust belong to They respect each other’s choices regarding family groups Families are very important(5) _ Americans

Unit 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

I Choose the word which has the underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest:

II Choose the best answer:

1 Thanks to his parents’ _, he tried his best to win a place at a university

2 People from different cultures have _ ideas about love and marriage

3 Americans believe in _ marriage whereas the Asians have to suffer _ one

4 By nature, boys and girls _ to each other

5 Once, an Asian couple’s marriage _ by the parents of the bride and the groom

6 People from different cultures have different _ of love and _

A ideas / marry B thoughts / marriage C speech / divorce D story / wedding

7 Few Asians agree that wives and husbands should share all _

8 A survey was conducted to determine students’ _ toward their purposes of studying

9 A large amount of Indian men agree that it’s unwise _ in their wives

10 Many Indian students agree that a woman has to _ more in a marriage than a man

11 The American wife trusts her husband to do the right things because he _ her

12 Many Americans pay much attention to physical _ when choosing a wife or a husband

13 Romeo and Juliet decided to _ although their parents had hated each other

A fall into the river B fall in love C climbed up the tree D take a bath

14 _, a husband should share certain thoughts to his wife only

15 In America, it is _ to ask questions about age, marriage and income

16 In Vietnam, _ that all old-aged parents live in nursing home

17 Christmas and New Year holidays are the _ occasions to most Americans

18 In Vietnam, two or more _ may live in a home

19 In _, a man and a woman may hold hands and kiss each other in the public

20 In Vietnam, the bride and the groom often wear _costumes on their wedding day

leaf-III Choose the best answer:

1 We _ English now

2 Mai: What are you doing, Nam? – Nam: I _ to music

3 Listen! Mary _ in the garden

4 I usually _ to the radio at night

5 It always _ in this region in November

6 Nowadays, most children _ cartoon films and games

7 Where is Mary? – She _ for the dinner in the kitchen at the present

8 I _ my motor’s rear mirror recently

9 John _ back from London

10 Tan: _ to Da Lat, Peter? – Peter: No, I haven’t

11 When you _ from the market yesterday, I _ at home waiting for you already

12 She _ on the computer at 4:00p m yesterday

13 By the time he _ to London next month, he _ English for three years

14 Water _ of hydrogen and oxygen

15 Don’t give the chocolate to Helen She _ it very much

16 The Sun _ us heat and light

17 We _ students, so we _ to school on weekdays

A are / often goes B were / often go C are / often go D has been / often went

18 Every day, Peter _ up at 7 o’clock, _ breakfast, and then _ to work at 7:30A m

A got / had / are going B gets / has / has gone C got / had / went D gets / has / goes

19 California _ in the United Kingdom It _ in the United States of America

A was not / was B is not / is C has not been / is D is not / is being

20 Cats _ milk, but birds _

A like / don’t like B liked / hasn’t liked C likes / doesn’t like D will like / don’t like

21 Every day, Sarah _ her children to school and then _ home to prepare lunch

A takes / will return B has taken / returns C takes / returns D take / has returned

22 Many people _ living in the Seattle because it _ continually

A hate / often rained B hate / often rains C hated / rains often D hated / often rained

23 The Sun _ in the East and _ in the West

24 _ on the computer now?

A Has Peter worked B Is Peter working C Does Peter work D Was Peter working

25 Listen! Mr John _ the piano You _ so much noise

A plays / should not make B is playing / should not make

26 Right now, Long _ with his friends They _ the differences between British English and American English

A has been sitting / has been discussing B was sitting / were discussing

27 Thanh: _ free this afternoon?

Hang: No, I _

Thanh: What _?

Hang: I _ my doctor

A: Will you be / will not / have you done / have seen

B: Have you been / have not / will you do / will see

C: Are you / ’m not / do you do / see

D: Are you / ’m not / are you doing / am seeing

28 Listen! Someone _ at the door I _ it

29 It _, so we can’t go to the beach at the moment

30 Since 2003 they _ their son every year

31 I’m sorry I can’t hear what you _ because everybody _ so loudly now

32 I _ the same car for more than ten years I _ about buying a new one

33 My best friends and I _ each other for over fifteen years We still _ together once

a week

A knew / got B will know / will get C have known / get D knows /are getting

34 The secretary _ on the report for more than three hours She hopes she may finish it by the lunch time

35 Please turn off the stove The water _ for more than fifteen minutes

36 In the nineteenth century, it _ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon The trip _ very rough and often dangerous

A took / was B had taken / had been C takes / is D will take / will be

37 Spring _ Winter

38 The nurse _ her parents every day

39 Someone _ at the door Can you answer it?

40 John _ at the moment, so he can’t answer the telephone

IV Choose the word or phrase that need corrrecting:

1 A survey was made to determining their attitudes toward love and marriage

2 An Asian husband is oblige to tell his wife where he has been

3 In Vietnam, two or more generators may live in a home

V Choose the word or phrase that need corrrecting:

1 Mike has phoned you more than one hour ago

Unit 3: WAYS OF SOCIALIZING

Change direct sentence to indirect sentence (chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp):

1 Đổi thì:

The present simple tense (HTĐ)  The past simple tense (QKĐ).

The present progressive tense (HTTD) The past progressive tense (QKTD).

The future tense (TLĐ)  would + V(ngm).

3 Đổi đại từ: I  she/he, youI/me.

E.x: “This birthday cake is delicious.” (Uncle Hung) Uncle Hung said that birthday cake was delicious.

4 Đối với câu hỏi:

a Không có từ để hỏi: S + asked me + If/whether + S + V.

b Có từ để hỏi: S + asked me + từ để hỏi + S + V.

E.x: “Do you like pop music?”- she asks She asked me if I liked pop music.

E.x: “Where do you live?”- he asks He asked me where I lived

I Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

II Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one:

1 There are many ways _ someone’s attention

2 We can use _ and _ forms of communication to attract one’s attention

A silence / noise B verbal / non-verbal C verb / adverb D gentle / impolite

3 Probably the most common ways of attracting someone’s attention is by _

4 We might raise our hand and wave to our friend as a _ that we see her or him

5 When you see your brother _ the plane, you may _ to call his name

A look at / throw a stone to him B pass by / whistle and clap your hands

6 When you approve someone’s opinion, you can stare at him or her and _ slightly

7 In a restaurant, we can raise our hand to show the waiter that we need his _

8 You shouldn’t _ or clap your hands to get the person’s attention in a restaurant

9 Whistling and _ in a restaurant is considered to be impolite and even rude

10 You shouldn’t _ the person or thing you want your friend to look at

11 In most situations, pointing at someone is usually considered to be _

12 Raising hand and waving are of the _ form of communication

13 Phil: You really have a beautiful dress, Maggie!

Maggie: Thanks Phil That’s a nice _

14 Nam: You really have a beautiful hairstyle now, Hưng!

Hưng: _! You’ve pushed me into the blush

A It isn’t your work B You must be kidding C Yes, of course D Nice to meet you

15 Giang: You’re really an excellent student, Hồng

Hồng: _ I’m still very bad I think I have to try my best to keep pace with you, Giang

16 Long: I didn’t know you could play badminton so well, Trâm

Trâm: Thank you, Long _

17 Hạnh: I don’t know what tailor’s that can make such a beautiful dress for you, Hiền!

Hiền: _, Hạnh I’ve finally found a style that suits me so much

18 Thành: I really enjoy your public speaking skills, Nga Your English is really good, too

Nga: _, Thành Thank you very much for your sincere compliment You made me try muchharder

A It’s very kind of you to say so B That’s not your work

C I’m certainly very famous for those things D Yes, of course It’s me!

19 She is a kind of woman who does not care much of work but generally _ only with colleaguesfor meals, movies or late nights at a club

20 You should _ more attention to what your teacher explains

21 Body language is a potential form of _ communication

22 Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? _ your hand."

23 Pay more attention _ picture and you can find out who is the robber

24 - What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!

- _

A Thank you very much I am afraid B You are telling a lie

C Thank you for your compliment D I don't like your sayings

25 Tom _ that he was having a party there in the evening

26 Claire told me that her father _ a racehorse

27 You said you _ chocolate, but you had never eaten any

28 Rachel (a week ago): I’m taking my driving test tomorrow

You (today): When I saw Rachel, she said she was taking her driving test _

29 Emma (two days ago): I’ve only had this new computer since yesterday

You (today): Emma said she’d only had the new computer since _

30 Mathew (a week ago): I’m meeting a friend at the station later today

You (today): Mathew said he was meeting a friend at the station later

A there B last day C that week D that day

31 What did that man say _?

32 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there

33 The builders have _ that everything will be ready on time

34 The doctor _ him to take more exercise

35 The last time I saw Jonathan, he looked very relaxed He explained that he’d been on holiday the _ week

36 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy _ day

37 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale or not

38 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave

39 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see you today Sophie said you _ ill

40 Ann _ and left

A said goodbye to me B says me goodbye C tell me goodbye D told me goodbye

41 Bill was slow, so I _ hurry

42 I told you _ switch off the computer, didn’t I?

43 Sarah was driving too fast, so I _ to slow down

44 Someone _ me that there’d been an accident on the motorway

III Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one:

1 His sister said, “I don’t buy this book.”

A His sister said I don’t buy this book B His sister said she didn’t buy this book

C His sister said I didn’t buy that book D His sister said she didn’t buy that book

2 They said, “We have to try our best to win the match.”

A They said we have to try our best to win the match

B They said we have to try their best to win the match

C They said they had to try their best to win the match

D They said they had to try our best to win the match

3 “She is my friend”, I said to Nam

A I said to Nam she is my friend B I told to Nam she was my friend

C I told Nam she was my friend D I asked Nam if she was my friend

4 “Does she like sports?”, Hoa asked Lan

A Hoa asked Lan whether she liked sports or not B Hoa asked Lan if she liked sports or not

C Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports D Hoa asked Lan if did she like sports

5 “Are you fond of watching television?”, Miss Ngân said to Mr Bình

A Miss Ngân told Mr Bình if he is fond of watching television

B Miss Ngân asked Mr Bình if he was fond of watching television

C Miss Ngân invited Mr Bình to be fond of watching television

D Miss Ngân suggested Mr Bình to watching television

6 “Will Mary be here for five days?, Tom asked Thư

A Tom asked Thư will Mary be here for five days.

B Tom asked Thư how long would Mary be there

C Tom asked Thư whether Mary would be there for five days or not

D Tom asked Thư how long Mary would be there

7 “Where are you going Nam?”, Lan asked

A Lan asked Nam where he was going B Lan asked Nam where he is going

8 “Where does your father work?”, the teacher asked me

A The teacher asked me where your father worked

B The teacher asked me where my father worked

C The teacher asked me where did my father work

D The teacher asked me where did my father work

IV Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to the underlined part that needs

V Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase

Researchers in communication show that more feelings and intentions are (1) _ and receivednonverbally than verbally Mehrabian and Wienerfollowing have stated that only 7% of message (thôngđiệp) is sent through words, with remaining 93% sent nonverbal expressions

Humans use nonverbal communication because:

1 Words have limitations: There are (2) _ areas where nonverbal communication is more(3) _ than verbal, especially when we explain the shape, directions, personalities (tính cách)which are expressed nonverbally

2 Nonverbal signal are powerful: Nonverbal cues (ám hiệu) primarily express inner (bên trong) (4) _ while verbal messages deal basically with outside world

3 Nonverbal message are likely to be more genuine (chân thật): because nonverbal behaviorscannot be controlled as easily as spoken words

4 Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to state: Social etiquette (nghi thức) limitswhat can be said, but nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts

A separate communication channel is necessary to (5) _ send complex messages: A speaker canadd enormously to the complexity of the verbal message through simple nonverbal signals

Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

* Be phụ thuộc vào thì của động từ trong câu chủ động

* P.P lấy từ động từ trong câu chủ động

II Động từ ở các thì trong câu bị động như sau :

1.Hiện tại đơn : V(nguyên mẫu) /V + ( e )s → is / am / are + V3

2.Hiện tại tiếp diễn : is / am / are + V+ing → is / am / are + being + V3

3.Hiện tại hoàn thành : have / has + V3 / V+ed → have / has + been + V3

4.Quá khứ đơn : V2 / V+ed → were / was + V3

5.Quá khứ tiếp diễn : were / was +V+ ing → were / was + being + V3

6.Tương lai gần : is / am / are going to +V → is / am / are going to be + V3

7.Tương lai đơn và động từ khiếm khuyết : will / ĐTKK + V → will / ĐTKK +be + V3

I Choose the best answer:

1 Schooling is _ for all English children from the age of six to sixteen

2 In England, an _ year runs from September to July

3 A school year in England _ into three terms

4 A school year in Vietnam usually _ in September and _ in May

5 In England, each term _ by a one-week break called half term

6 An academic year in Vietnam _ into two semesters

7 In a school year in Vietnam, there are two terms called the first term and the second term

8 There are two _ school systems in England; i e , state school system and public school ones

9 State school system in England is _ for all students and _ by the state

10 School system in England is divided into two _ consisting of the state and the public ones

11 The state school system in England has two _ of education: primary education and

secondary education

12 The National _ is set by the Government and must be followed by in all state schools

13 In English schools, English, Math and Science are _ subjects

14 Core subjects in Vietnamese schools _ of Math, Literature and English

15 When do children in Vietnam go to _? – They begin to go to school at the age of six

16 In England, school fee in state schools is _

17 My nephew is four years old, he may enter a _ in Vietnam

18 In England, schooling is compulsory for all children from the age of 5 to 16

19 In Vietnam, schooling is _ for all children from the age of three to five

20 Schooling for Vietnamese children from the age of six to fourteen is _

21 Many high school students in Vietnam have to work very hard to _ at a university

22 Nowadays, Vietnamese students have to study more _ than those of twenty years ago to keep pace with the developments of modern society

23 The _ year in Vietnam runs from September to June and is divided into 2 terms

24 Children at the age of 11 start moving to _ school

25 Children receive its early at home so parents should buy some _ magazines to put them in the bookcase

A educational / educate B educational /education

26 In Vietnam a school year lasts for nine months and is divided _ 2 terms

27 _ the end of the school year, students take an exam in each subject

28 Students usually _ their GCSE at the age of sixteen

29 School boards are usually made _ of people who live in the area, often parents of children inthe school

32 The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell

33 The school library is open _ all of the students and the teaching staff of the school

34 Fee-paying schools are often called "independent schools", "private schools" or “ _ schools"

35 In the UK, _ schools refer to government-funded schools which provide education free of charge to pupils

36 School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools

37 In England schooling is compulsory _ all children from the age of 5 to 16

38 The national _ is a program of study in all the main subjects that children aged 5 to 16 in state schools must follow

39 Most children in the UK remain in _ education until they are at least 16years

40 We have to _ an exam at the end of the course

A write B do C take D make

41 Many students now have been paid for _ during terms

42 For _ information on the diet , write to us at this address

43 “Those eggs of different colors are very artistic “ Yes , they _ in Russia

44 “David is in prison for smoking drugs” He _ that it was against the law

45 If you want to learn a new language , you must _ foreign language classes

46 The students _ to be at school by the teacher at 8 :00 am

47 Our children _ to school by bus every morning

48 "Where did you get these old dresses?" - "We them in the old trunk "

49 "The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long " - "It by Peter "

50 "Where's the old chicken coop?" - "It by a windsorm last year "

51 "We're still looking for Tom?" - "Hasn't he yet?"

52 About 15,000 years ago, northern Wisconsin under ice a mile deep

53 The Mayan Indians an accurate and sophisticated calendar more than seven centuries ago

54 George is Lisa

55 The rescuers for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers

56 We can't even walk in the storm Let's wait in the hallway where we'll be the strong winds until things quiet down

57 Last night a tornado swept through Rockville It everything in its path

58 Be sure to wash the vegetables throroughly A lot of pesticide residues on unwashed produce

59 Dynamite by Alfred Bernard Nobel

60 This exercise may with a pencil

61 If you about it, will you be able to answer?

II Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting:

1 Schooling is optional to all English children from the age of 6 to 15

III Choose the best answer to complete the following blanks:

A report says that Britain needs to bring in more workers from other countries This is to avoid acrisis caused by population changes as fewer babies are born and as people live longer Because therewill be more and more old people in the population, the (1) _ for a younger workforce will growand immigration may help (2) _ the problem The report says that if the (3) _ of peoplecoming to live in the UK does not increase by around 20% in the (4) _ fifty years, the UKpopulation will fall by three million This means that, (5) _ a result, Britons would need to workuntil they are in their seventies to (6) _ the large number of elderly people In addition, the Statewill no longer be able to (7) _ health care and pensions, so people will have to pay for themselves.The ethnic minorities, most of whom are immigrants to Britain, (8) _ a lot of money for thegovernment in the form of taxes This is because these minorities have many young people in(9) _ The report calls for a (10) _ of attitude towards immigrants: they are now some of ourmost valuable citizens

VI Hãy chọn MỘT phương án (A, B, C hoặc D) tương ứng với từ có dấu trọng âm chính ở vị trí

khác nhất trong mỗi câu sau đây:

Unit 5: HIGHER EDUCATION

Conditional sentences:

1 Conditional sentence type 1( c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1)

2 Conditional sentence type 2 ( c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2)

If + S + V_ed ( simple

3 Conditional setence type 3 ( C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3)

If + S + past perfect ( QKHT) , S + would/ could / might +

P II

I Grammar: Choose the best answer:

1 If I the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.

A miss B will miss C missed D had missed

2 We’ll have to go without John if he soon.

A won’t arrive B will arrive C arrives D doesn’t arrive

3 If I make some coffee, _ the cake?

A do you cut B will you cut C are you cutting D don’t you cut

4 If you your homework, I _ you watch TV.

A won’t do/ let B did/ won’t let C don’t do/ won’t let D won’t do/ don’t let

5 you, I would think twice about that decision It could be a bad move.

A If I am B should I be C were I D if I had been

6 Pam broke her arm in the accident It much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.

7 “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _ you, I _ my job.”

A were/ would have quit B am/ will quit C was/ must quit D were/ would quit

8 “My car broke down when I was leaving London ” – “ _, we’d _ you up.”

A if we had known/ pick B had we known/ have picked C if we’d known/ picked D if we knew/ pick

9 “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “ _ you, I _ it ”

A if I had been/ would have taken B should I be/ will take

C if I were/would have taken D were I/ would take

10 “ You look tired ”- “well, if you me up in the middle of the night, I _ so tired.”

A didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be

C hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D don’t wake/ won’t be

11 resigned, we would have been forced to sack (sa thải) him.

A Had he not B Hadn’t he C He had not D He not had

12 If you _ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.

A didn’t tell B wouldn’t have told C hadn’t told D had told

13 The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled If she absent again tomorrow, class tomorrow, too.

A is/ will cancel B is/ will be canceled C was/ would be canceled D was/ would cancel

14 If you to my advice in the first place, you in this mess right now.

A listen/ won’t be B had listened/ wouldn’t have been

C will listened/ wouldn’t be D had listened/ wouldn’t be

15 If he me, I’ll be ready to help him.

A ask B will ask C asks D to ask

16 When winter comes, I a new coat.

A buying B buy C will buy D buys

17 What would Tom do if he the truth?

A would know B has know C knows D knew

18 If I you, I wouldn’t do that.

19 If I had money now, I _ a car.

20 It would have been a much more accident if she _ fast at the time.

A was driving B had driven C drove D drive

21 If I had been absent from class yesterday, I the math test

A would missed B would have missed C will miss D miss

22 If I _ a millionaire, I a Civic Honda.

A am/ will buy B is/ would buy C was/ would have bought D were/ would buy

23 “ Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _ you a call if I _ some help.”

A will give/ will need B would give/ needed C will give/ need D give/ need

28 If I _ wings, I _ take an airplane to fly home.

A have/ won’t have to B had/ wouldn’t have to C have/ will have to D had/ didn’t have to

29 I think you should stop smoking.

A if I am you, I will stop smoking B if I were you, I will stop smoking.

C if I were you, I would stop smoking D if I had been you, I would stop smoking.

30 If I were you, I would work harder.

A you would rather not work so hard B you should work harder

C you should work with me D do not work so hard.

31 We did not visit the museum because we had no time.

A If we have time, we will visit the museum B If we had time, we would visit the museum

C If we had had time, we would have visited the museum D If we had had time, we will visit the museum.

32 He looked frightened as if he a ghost

33 Doctor, I feel as if my head _ on fire at the moment.

34 you work harder, you will be sacked.

35 Unless you _ quiet, I’ll scream.

A don’t keep B keep C kept D didn’t keep

36 I won’t wake unless I the alarm.

A don’t hear B heard C hear D didn’t hear

37 Had I had some more money, I _ that book.

A Would buy B will buy C would have bought D all are correct

38 If it………, they will not go out.

39 If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it.

a take b will take c would take d would have taken.

II Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.

1 I don’t have enough money I can’t go on a long holiday this year

9 She can’t speak English She won’t apply for the job.

III Choose the best answer:

1 He graduated with doctorates ['dɔktərit] (học vị tiến sĩ) of _ and surgery from Florence, gaining the highest honors that year

2 The making of good habits _ a determination to keep on training your child

3 He was the only _ that was offered the job

4 A university is an -institution of higher education and research, which grants (cấp) _ degrees atall levels in a variety of subjects

5 A _ is an area of knowledge or study, especially one that you study at school, college, or university

6 Most _ are at senior level, requiring appropriate qualifications

7 She reads newspapers every day to look for the vacant _ for which she can apply

a institutions b indications c positions d locations

8 He had been expected to cope well with examinations and _ good results

9 He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the _ of the company

a requirements b applicants c information d education

10 The University of Cambridge is a prestigious _ of higher learning in the UK

11 Which subject do you _ at university? - I major in Math

12 A _ is an official document that you receive when you have completed a course of study or training

13 Parents can express a _ for the school their child attends

14 Many people have objected to the use of animals in _ experiments

a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically

15 I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony

16 Entry to university is competitive so some _ with the minimum entrance qualifications will find themselves without a place

17 Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of _ courses in the university

18 Mr Pike provided us with an _ guide to the full-time and part-time programs on offer to a range of candidates drawn from schools and colleges

19 Not many places at the universities are left, so choice is on a severe _

20 Higher education _ have risen this year for the first time in more than a decade

IV Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1.A memory B typical C awarded D marketing

V Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best completes the unfinished statement (or best answers the question) about each passage

In 1988, for the first time in British history, a National Curriculum was introduced TheNational Curriculum tells pupils which subjects they have to study, what they must learn andwhen they have to take assessment tests

Between the ages of 14 and 16, pupils study for their GCSE (General Certificate ofSecondary Education) exams Pupils must take English Language, Maths and Science forGCSE, as well as a half GCSE in a foreign language and Technology In addition, they must also

be taught Physical Education, Religious Education and Sex Education, although they do not takeexams in these subjects

At the age of 16, pupils can leave school If pupils stay on, they usually take A (Advanced)levels, AS (Advanced Supplementary) level or GNVQs (Greater National VocationalQualifications) It is quite common to combine, for example, two A levels with one AS level, orone A level with one GNVQ

Pupils taking A levels study traditional subjects, such as French, Physics or History To go

to university, pupils usually need two or three A levels

AS levels are the same standard as A levels, but only half of the content: AS level German pupilstake the A-level German language exam, but do not take the A-level German Literature exam GNVQs are vocational qualifications Pupils usually take on GNVQ in subjects such asBusiness, Leisure and Tourism, Manufacturing, and Art and Design One GVNQ (at advancedlevel) is equal to two A levels

1 Britain began to have a National Curriculum

2 Which of the following subjects do British students NOT take exams in?

3 Pupils need A levels to continue to study at university

4 Which of the following subjects do pupils NOT take on GNVQ in?

A German Literature B Business

5 Pupils normally study for their GCSE between the ages of

Unit 6: FUTURE JOBS

1 Đại từ quan hệ

a.WHO: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người Nó đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ từ hoặc làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau

nó.

b.WHOM: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người Nó đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.

c.WHICH: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật Nó đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó d.THAT: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người và vật "That" có thể được dùng thay cho " who, whom, which" trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy)

e.WHOSE: là một đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho từ chỉ sở hữu trước danh từ "Whose" cũng được

dùng cho vật (whose = of which) "Whose" luôn đi kèm với một danh từ

2 Mệnh đề quan hệ:

a.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clause): không có dấu phẩy

Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green.

b.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:(non-defining relative clause): có dấu phẩy

*Cách nhận biết mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:.Nếu danh từ đứng trước nó là danh từ riêng , danh từ có các tính từ bổ nghĩa như "this, that, these, those", "my, his,her, your, their, our" hoặc có cụm giới từ bổ nghĩa sau nó thì ta thêm dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ

Ex:That man is Mr Pike, whom you saw yesterday

*Không dùng "that" trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn ( Trong các ví dụ trên, ta không thể dùng "that" thay cho "whom, who, whose" vì đây là những mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn)

I Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others:

II Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

III Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one:

1 I am so _ that I cannot say anything, but keep silent

2 A letter of _ is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview

3 Her job was so _ that she decided to quit it

4 Can you please tell me some information that _ to the job?

5 Not all teenagers are well _ for their future job when they are at high school

6 Qualifications and _ are two most important factors that help you get a good job

7 Before the interview, you have to send a letter of application and your résumé to the company

a recommendation b reference c curriculum vitae d Photograph

8 Many children are under such a high _ of learning that they do not feel happy at school

9 She likes meeting people and travelling so she wants to apply for a _of a receptionist or tourist guide

10 To my _, I was not offered the job

11 Being well-dress and punctual can help you create a good _ on your interviewer

12 Many people will be out of _ if the factory is closed.

13 _ is increasing, which results from economic crisis

14 He was offered the job thanks to his _ performance during his job interview

a impress b impression c impressive d impressively

15 His work involves helping students to find temporary _ during their summer vacation

16 To prepare for your job interview, you should jot down your qualifications and experience as well as some important information about yourself

17 When being interviewed, you should concentrate on what the interviewer is saying or asking you

a be related to b be interested in c pay all attention to d express interest to

18 Before _ for a position, check whether you can fulfill all the requirements from the employer

19 You should ask the interviewer some questions about the job to show your _ and keenness

20 Ms Young, to _ many of her students are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada

21 I saw a lot of new people at the party, _ seemed familiar

22 My friend eventually decided to quit her job, _ upset me a lot

23 He is the man _ car was stolen last week

24 They have just found the couple and their car were swept away during the heavy storm last week

25 It was the worst winter _ anyone could remember

26 He was always coming up with new ideas, were absolutely impracticable

27 The children were quite attracted by the tamer and his animals _ were performing on the stage

28 Is there anything else _ you want to ask?

29 They have just visited the town _ location was little known

30 He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, _ was a stupid thing to do

31 King Henry, _ was Elizabeth I, led England into the Age of Empire

a daughter b whom daughter c which daughter d whose daughter

32 The fishermen and their boats _ were off the coast three days ago have just been reported to be missing

33 The banker (giám đốc ngân hàng) to _ I gave my check was quite friendly

a Those b Who c Those whom d Those who

36 _ really a fish, has no brain, no bones, and no face

a A jelly fish is not b A jelly fish, it is not c A jelly fish, which is not d A jellyfish, that is not

37 My father works for a construction company in _

a Winchester, which is a city in the U.K b Winchester, that is a city in the U.K

c Winchester is a city in the U.K d Winchester where is a city in the U.K

38 _ instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview

a John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone, b John Robbins, that I spoke to by telephone,

c John Robbins I spoke to by telephone, d John Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone,

39 There was no one _

c I could ask whom for help d for that I could ask for help

40 _ one of the most creative artists in rock 'n roll, came from California

41 He lives in a small town _

a where is called Taunton b which is called Taunton c is called Taunton d that called Taunton

IV Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

1 He gave the information I wrote it down at once.

A He gave me the information that I wrote it down at once

B He gave me the information, that I wrote down at once

C He gave me the information which I wrote it down at once

D He gave me the information which I wrote down at once

2 Edward has just moved to France His grandfather died last year.

A Edward has just moved to France, where his grandfather died last year

B Edward has just moved to France, whose grandfather died last year

C Edward, whose grandfather died last year, has just moved to France

D Edward, who has just moved to France, his grandfather died last year

3 I wanted to see the man He owned the restaurant.

A I wanted to see the man, who owned the restaurant

B I wanted to see the man who owned the restaurant

C I wanted to see the man, whom owned the restaurant

D I wanted to see the man whom owned the restaurant

4 Neil couldn’t come to the party This was a pity.

A Neil couldn’t come to the party that was a pity

B Neil couldn’t come to the party, that was a pity

C Neil couldn’t come to the party which was a pity

D Neil couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity

V Choose the underlined part that needs correction:

1 On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park

6 At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire.

VI Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer:

Preparation is a key to a successful interview Does the idea of going to a job interview make you

feel a little nervous? Many people find that it is the hardest part of the employing process But it is not

really true The more you prepare and practice, the more comfortable you will feel You should find out

as much as possible about the company before you go to the interview Understand the products that theyproduce and the services that they provide It is also good to know who the customers are and who themajor competitors are Practice makes perfect It will also make you feel more confident and relaxed So,practice your answers to common questions Make a list of questions to ask, too Almost all interviewerswill ask if you have questions This is a great opportunity for you to show your keenness, enthusiasm,and knowledge

Make a great impression The interview is your chance to show that you are the best person for thejob Your application or resume has already exhibited that you are qualified Now it is up to you to showhow your skills and experience match this position and this company The employer will be looking andlistening to determine if you are a good fit He/she will be looking for a number of different qualities, inaddition to the skills that you possess To make the best impression, dress appropriately; express yourstrengths; arrive early, by about 10-15 minutes; be enthusiastic; shake hands firmly; be an active listener;sit up straight and maintain eye contact; and ask questions

After the interview, follow up with a thank-you note This is a chance for you to restate your interestand how you can benefit the company Your best bet is to try to time it so that the note gets there beforethe hiring: decision is made You should also follow up with a phone call if you do not hear back fromthe employer within the specified time

1 The pronoun it refers to .

a the job b the interview c the interviewer d the preparation

2 What does the writer advise you to practice?

a Asking and answering questions related to the job b Making products that the company

produces

c Providing services that the company serves d Meeting some customers and competitors

3 Which should not be shown during your interview?

a Punctuality b A firm hand shaking c Being properly-dressed d Weaknesses

4 You can show your qualifications in the

a dressing style and punctuality b competing with the competitors

c resume and letter of application d eye contact with the interview

5 Which is not included in the writer's advice?

a You should not communicate with the interviewer after the interview

b You should make the best impression in the interview

c You should write a note to say thanks to the interviewer after the interview,

d You should telephone the interviewer for any information after the interview

Unit 8: LIFE IN THE FUTURE

1- a vΜ an

an - đợc dùng: Trớc 1 danh từ số ít đếm đợc bắt đầu bằng 4 nguyên âm (vowel) a, e, i, o hoặc 2 bán nguyên âm u, y hoặc bằng h câm ví dụ: u : an uncle, h : an hour

- Hoặc trớc các danh từ viết tắt đợc đọc nh 1 nguyên âm Ví dụ: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP

a : đợc dùng:trớc 1 danh từ số ít đếm đợc bắt đầu bằng phụ âm (consonant) hoặc bằng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union.

2- The: Đợc sử dụng khi danh từ đợc xác định cụ thể về tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc đợc nhắc đến lần thứ 2

- The + noun + preposition + noun.

Ví dụ : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States

of America.

- The + danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + mệnh đề phụ

Ví dụ: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him.

- The + tính từ so sánh bậc nhất hoặc số từ thứ tự hoặc only way.

Ví dụ : The first week; the only way.

- The + dt số ít tợng trng cho một nhóm thú vật hoặc đồ vật thì có thể bỏ the và đổi danh từ

sang số nhiều.

Ví dụ: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes Nhng đối với danh từ man (chỉ loài ngời) thì không có quán từ (a, the) đứng trớc.

Ví dụ: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse.

- The + adj đại diện cho 1 lớp ngời, nó không có hình thái số nhiều nhng đợc coi là 1 danh từ số

nhiều và động từ

sau nó phải đợc chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số nhiều.

Ví dụ: the old = ngời già nói chung; The disabled = những ngời tàn tật;

- Dùng trớc tên các khu vực, vùng đã nổi tiếng về mặt địa lý hoặc lịch sử.

Ví dụ: The Shahara The Netherlands The Atlantic.

- The + East / West/ South/ North + noun.

Ví dụ: the East/ West end The North / South Pole.

Nhng không đợc dùng the trớc các từ chỉ phơng hớng này, nếu nó đi kèm với tên của một khu vực

địa lý.

Ví dụ: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany.

- The + tên các đồ hợp xớng, các dàn nhạc cổ điển, các ban nhạc phổ thông.

Ví dụ: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles.

- The + tên các tờ báo lớn/ các con tầu biển/ khinh khí cầu.

Ví dụ: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain.

- Không dùng the trớc 1 số danh từ nh Home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university khi nó

đi với động từ và giới từ chỉ chuyển động (chỉ đi tới đó làm mục đích chính).

Ví dụ: He is at home I arrived home before dark I sent him home.

| to bed ( để ngủ)

to church (để cầu nguyện)

to court (để kiện tụng)

We go to hospital (chữa bệnh)

to prison (đi tù)

to school / college/ university (để học)

Với mục đích khác thì phải dùng the.

Ví dụ: I went to the church to see the stained glass.

He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures.

Student go to the university for a class party.

Bảng dùng the và không dùng the trong một số trờng hợp đặc biệt

Trớc các đại dơng, sông ngòi, biển, vịnh và các

hồ ở số nhiều Ví dụ: The Red sea, the Atlantic

Ocean,

Trớc tên các dãy núi Ví dụ: The Rockey Moutains

Trớc tên 1 vật thể duy nhất trên thế giới hoặc vũ

trụ.

Ví dụ: The earth, the moon, the Great Wall

Trớc School/college/university + of + noun

Ví dụ: The University of Florida.

Trớc các số thứ tự + noun Ví dụ: The first world

Trớc tên các hành tinh hoặc các chùm sao

Ví dụ: Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion

Trớc tên các trờng này khi trớc nó là 1 tên riêng.

Ví dụ: Stetson University.

Trớc các danh từ + số đếm Ví dụ: World war one Trớc tên các nớc có 1 từ nh : Sweden, Venezuela

Ví dụ: New Zealand, South Africa.

Trớc tên các lục địa, tiểu bang, tỉnh, thành phố,

quận, huyện Ví dụ: Europe, California

Kingdom, Trớc tên các nớc đợc coi là 1 quần đảo.

Ví dụ: The Philipin.

Trớc tên các nhạc cụ.

Ví dụ: To play the piano.

Trớc tên các danh từ mang tính trừu tợng trừ những

trờng hợp đặc biệt Ví dụ: Freedom, happiness Trớc tên các ngày lễ, tết Ví dụ: Christmas, thanksgiving.

Trớc tên các bữa ăn : breakfast, lunch , dinner

I Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

II.Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined

part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

6 Many teenagers show signs of anxiety and _ when being asked about their future

7 Constant _ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here

8 No one can predict the future exactly Things may happen _

9 Someone who is _ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular

10 A _ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times

11 In the future many large corporations will be wiped out and millions of jobs will be lost

12 The more powerful weapons are, the more terrible the _ is

13 The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer

14 Let's put off that meeting to next Monday

15 A nuclear station may take risk going off due to unexpected incidents

16 She is looking _ a new place to live because she does not want to depend her parents any more

17 I was brought _ in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass _

18 Boys! Put your toys It is time to go to bed Don't stay _ late

19 She intended to quit her job to stay _ home and look _ her sick mother

20 He is very worried _ his new job because he is not well prepared _ working

21 Instead _ petrol, cars will only run solar energy and electricity

22 She has a promising future ahead _ her

23 What are your plans for _ future?

24 Within _ few years, _ private space travel has gone from concept to reality.

25 _technology is already present in the form of computers, printers, scanners, handheld devices,wireless technologies, and Internet connections

26 Someone who is _ thinks that bad things are going to happen

27 Domestic chores will no longer be a burden thanks to the inventions of laborsaving devices

28 He usually travels to _ Philadelphia by _ train

29 You frequently see this kind of violence on _ television

30 On _ Internet and with cable television w e can select information from wide variety of sources

31 While I am waiting _ my bus, I often listen _ music

32 I think we maybe run _ natural resources some day

33 They arrived _ that train station late because their taxi had broken _

34 Lee is at the local Chinese restaurant Four waiters work there altogether

a a waiter b an waiter c the waiter d waiter

35 I told Mom we would be _ home in _ hour or so

36 Is Miss Wilson very fond _ French food? - No, she is not used _ having French food

a over / with b of / to c off / for d in / about

37 My daughter plays _ piano very well

41 Life is not so easy for _ unemployed

42 Many people were killed in the accident The bodies of _ dead were taken away

43 Did you watch “Titanic” on television or at cinema?

44 What is longest river in world?

III Error Identification

45 Many optimist people have made predictions about the positive impact of the increasing

mechanization on human life

46 Imagine an entirely wireless world where the Net is "always on, always there", we live in endless sea of data, and objects are alive with intelligent

47 Electricity is the most critical energy for the future of many countries and cheap, plentiful

electricity is associated for high employment and productivity