Management information system ralp 7e ch07

• Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continua

• The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a

wide range of services, some of which are effective and

practical for use today, others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use

• Briefly describe how the Internet works, including

alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet

service providers

• Originally developed as a document-management system,

the World Wide Web is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications

• Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works

• Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other

Web tools

• Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming

more universally used and accepted for business use,

management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved

• Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss

some of the pros and cons of Web shopping

• Outline a process for creating Web content

• Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how

organizations are using them

• Identify several issues associated with the use of networks

Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all

freely exchanging information

• Ancestor of the Internet

• A project started by the U.S Department of Defense (DoD)

in 1969

Use and Functioning of the Internet

(continued)

• Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard enabling

traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed

• Research for a faster Internet: Internet2 (I2); Next

Generation Internet (NGI); Abilene

• Wireless Internet

How the Internet Works

• The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a

host) to another

• If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first

computer is directly connected, it can send the message

directly

• If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the

sending computer is connected, the sending computer

relays the message to another computer that can forward it

Figure 7.1: Routing Messages

over the Internet

How the Internet Works (continued)

• Data is passed in chunks called packets

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used

transport layer protocol that is used in combination with Internet Protocol (IP) by most Internet applications

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an assigned address

on the Internet for each computer

Accessing the Internet

• Connect via LAN server

• Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol

(SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

• Connect via an online service

• Other ways to connect (e.g., wireless application protocol,

or WAP)

Figure 7.3: Several Ways to

Access the Internet

Internet Service Providers

• Internet service provider (ISP): any company that

provides individuals or organizations with Internet access

• Most charge a monthly fee

• Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet

access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission

The World Wide Web

• World Wide Web: AKA the Web, WWW, or W3

• A menu-based system that uses the client/server model

• Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a

series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your

computer

• Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages,

allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish

The World Wide Web (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): the standard

page description language for Web pages

• HTML tags: inform browsers how to format text on a

Web page, and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted

• Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language

for Web documents containing structured information,

Figure 7.4: Sample Hypertext

Markup Language

Web Browsers

• Web browser: software that creates a unique,

hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web

• The menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with

hypertext links

Search Engines

• Search engine: a Web search tool

• Examples of search engines: Yahoo.com; Google.com

• Most search engines are free

• Searches can use words such as AND and OR to refine the search

• Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several

Table 7.5: Popular Search Engines

Web Programming Languages

Web Programming Languages

Business Uses of the Web

• E-mail

• Linking buyers and sellers

• Tool for marketing, sales, and customer support

• Push technology: automatic transmission of information

over the Internet rather than making users search for it with their browsers

Developing Web Content

• Computer must be linked to a Web server

• Need Web browser program

• Add links to home page

• Advertise

Web Services

• Web services: standards and tools that streamline and

simplify communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes

• XML is used within a Web page to describe and transfer

data between Web service applications

Web Services (continued)

• Besides XML, other components are used in Web service

applications:

• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

• UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration)

Internet and Web Applications

• E-mail and instant messaging

• Instant messaging: a method that allows two or more

individuals to communicate online using the Internet

• Internet cell phones and handheld computers

• Career information and job searching

Internet and Web Applications

(continued)

• Telnet and FTP

• Telnet: a terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the Internet to gain access to public files

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): a protocol that describes a file transfer process between a host and a remote computer and

Internet and Web Applications

(continued)

• Web log (blog): a Web site that people can create and use to

write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on

a wide range of topics

• Usenet and newsgroups

• Usenet: a system closely allied with the Internet that uses mail to provide a centralized news service; a protocol that

e-describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers

Internet and Web Applications

(continued)

• Chat room: a facility that enables two or more people to

engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet

• Internet phone and videoconferencing services

• Content streaming: a method for transferring multimedia

files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously without a break,

or very few of them; enables users to browse large files in real time

Figure 7.7: How Voice Over IP Works

Internet and Web Applications

(continued)

• Web auctions

• Music, radio, and video on the Internet

• Office on the Web

• Internet sites in three dimensions

Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and

Web Applications

Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and Web

Applications (continued)

Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet

• Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products

• Slashes the need for paper

• Provides employees with an easy and intuitive approach to access information that was previously difficult to obtain

Intranets and Extranets (continued)

• Extranet: a network based on Web technologies that links

selected resources of a company’s intranet with its

customers, suppliers, or other business partners

• Virtual private network (VPN): a secure connection

between two points across the Internet

• Tunneling: the process by which VPNs transfer

information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the

Table 7.11: Summary of Internet,

Intranet, and Extranet Users

Figure 7.8: Virtual Private Network

Net Issues

• Management issues: preventing attacks

• Service and speed issues

• Web server computers can be overwhelmed by the amount of “hits” (requests for pages)

• Routers can become bottlenecks

Figure 7.9: Typical Sources of

Internet Attacks

Net Issues (continued)

Net Issues (continued)

• Security with encryption and firewalls

• Cryptography: converting a message into a secret code and

changing the encoded message back to regular text

• Digital signature: encryption technique used to verify the

identity of a message sender for processing online financial transactions

• Firewall: a device that sits between an internal network and the Internet, limiting access into and out of a network based on access policies

Figure 7.10: Cryptography process

• The Internet is a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information

• Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication standard that

enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed

• Internet data is passed in chunks called packets

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used

Summary (continued)

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an assigned address

on the Internet for each computer

• Ways of accessing the Internet include via a LAN server,

Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point

Protocol (PPP), and an online service

• The World Wide Web is a menu-based system that

organizes Internet resources into a series of menu pages,

or screens, that appear on your computer

Summary (continued)

• A Web browser is software that creates a unique,

hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing

a graphical interface to the Web

• A search engine is a Web search tool

• An intranet is an internal corporate network built using

Internet and World Wide Web standards

• An extranet is a network based on Web technologies that