Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, chúng ta tuân theo quy tắc chung sau đây: Type 0 unchanged simple fact or general truth: không thay đổi Type 1 unchanged if reported simultaneou
Trang 1UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY
(LỐI SỐNG LÀNH MẠNH VÀ TUỔI THỌ)
A VOCABULARY
be attributed to
/əˈtrɪbjuːt/
to some certain kinds of food they eat every day.
Những căn bệnh này được quy cho một số loại thực phẩm mà
họ ăn hàng ngày.
boost
/buːst/ (v)
đẩy mạnh, nâng lên
You will boost your immune system if you have a healthy lifestyle.
Hệ miễn dịch sẽ được nâng cao nếu bạn có một lối sống lành mạnh.
dietary
/ˈdaɪətəri/ (adj)
thuộc về chế
độ ăn uống
I think diary habits are difficult to change.
Tôi nghĩ các thói quen ăn uống rất khó thay đổi.
immune system
/ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/ (n)
immune system.
Căng thẳng có thể gây suy giảm
hệ miễn dịch.
life expectancy
/laɪf ɪkˈspektənsi/ (n)
dramatically in our country recently
Trang 2Tuổi thọ đã tăng đáng kể ở nước
ta thời gian gần đây.
longevity
/lɒnˈdʒevəti/ (n)
sự sống lâu, sự trường thọ, tuổi thọ
Longevity is linked with low levels of stress and anxiety.
Tuổi thọ cao có liên quan đến mức độ căng thẳng và lo lắng thấp.
meditation
/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/ (n)
way to keep your mind stress-free.
Thực hành thiền định là một phương pháp tốt để giữ tâm trí không bị căng thẳng.
natural remedy
/ˈnætʃrəl ˈremədi/ (n,
p)
phương pháp trị liệu dựa vào thiên nhiên
You should try natural remedies before taking any medicine.
Bạn nên thử các phương pháp chữa trị từ thiên nhiên trước khi dùng bất kỳ loại thuốc nào.
nutrition
/njuˈtrɪʃn/ (n)
sự dinh dưỡng
Good nutrition is necessary to help patients to make a quick recovery.
Chế độ dinh dưỡng tốt là cần thiết để giúp bệnh nhân hồi phục nhanh.
nutritious
/njuˈtrɪʃəs/ (adj)
bổ dưỡng, có chất dinh dưỡng
This kind of food is especially nutritious.
Loại thực phẩm này đặc biệt bổ dưỡng.
prescription medicine
/prɪˈskrɪpʃn - ˈmedsn/
(n)
thuốc do bác sĩ
kê đơn
You should try natural remedies before taking prescription medicine.
Trang 3Bạn nên thử các phương pháp chữa trị từ thiên nhiên trước khi dùng thuốc theo đơn của bác sĩ.
stress-free
/stress - fri:/ (adj)
không bị căng thẳng
One of the most effective ways
to keep your mind stress-free
is practicing mediation.
Một trong những phương pháp hiệu quả nhất để giữ tâm trí không bị căng thẳng là thực hành thiền định.
workout
/ˈwɜːkaʊt/ (n)
luyện tập thể lực
I do a 15-minute workout every morning.
Tôi tập thể dục 15 phút mỗi sáng.
B GRAMMAR
1 Conditionals in reported speech
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì "thì" của động từ trong câu điều kiện được giữ nguyên khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, chúng ta tuân theo quy tắc chung sau đây:
Type 0 unchanged (simple fact or general truth): không thay
đổi Type 1 unchanged (if reported simultaneously or still true):
không thay đổi nếu lời nói tường thuật lại cùng lúc hoặc vẫn còn đúng
become type 2 (if the reported statement is out-of-date): trở thành câu điều kiện loại 2 nếu lời nói tường thuật đã qua rồi
Type 2 usually unchanged (ifthe reported statement is still
true): thường không đổi (nếu lời nói tường thuật vẫn còn đúng)
E.g:
"People die if they don't drink water in three days", he said (Type 0)
He said (that) people die if they don't drink water in three days
"If you miss the bus, you'll be late for the meeting", my husband said (Type 1)
Trang 4My husband said if I miss the bus, I'll be late for the meeting.
(reported simultaneously; the bus hasn't arrived yet.)
My husband said if I missed the bus, I'd be late for the meeting
(The reported statement is out-of-date; she was probably late for the meeting)
"If I were rich, I could buy a car." (Type 2)
He said if he were rich, he could buy a car
2 Reported speech with infinitives:
* Form 1: S + V + O + (not) + to V
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là ask; tell; order (ra lệnh); invite (mời); beg (cầu xin); urge (hối thúc); encourage (khuyến khích); advise (khuyên); warn (cảnh báo); remind (nhắc nhở), command (ra lệnh), entreat (nài xin), expect (mong đợi), forbid (ngăn cấm), invite (mời), instruct (hướng dẫn), persuade (thuyết phục), recommend (khuyên), request (yêu cầu)
E.g: "Don't forget to get up early.", my mother said.
My mother reminded me to get up early (Mẹ tôi nhắc nhở tôi thức dậy sớm.)
* Form 2: S + V + to V
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là promise (hứa); threaten (đe dọa); agree (đồng ý); offer (đề nghị giúp ai); refuse (từ chối); propose (có ý định), volunteer (tình nguyện), hope (hi vọng), demand (yêu cầu), guarantee (bảo đảm), swear/ vow (thề nguyền)
E.g:
"I will kill you if you call the police", the man said
The man threatened to kill me if I called the police
3 Reported speech with gerunds:
* Form 1: S + V + O + V-ing/ N
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:
Apologize / apologise (to O) for V-ing: xin
lỗi (ai) về việc gì
Accuse + O + of V-ing: buộc tội ai về điều
gì
Congratulate + O + on V-ing: chúc mừng
ai về việc gì
Forgive + O + for + V-ing: tha thứ cho ai
về việc gì
Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O +
from V-ing: ngăn cản không cho ai làm gì
Thank + O + for V-ing: cảm ơn ai về việc
gì Suspect + O + of + V-ing: nghi ngờ ai làm
gì Warn + O + against V-ing: cảnh báo/ cảnh cáo ai không nên làm gì
Criticize/ Reproach + O + for + Ving: chỉ trích/ phê bình ai về việc gì đó
Blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì ~ Blame sth on sb: đổ lỗi việc gì cho ai
E.g: "I won't allow you to play games", the mother said to the boy
The mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games
* Form 2: S + V + Ving
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là: advise (khuyên); suggest (đề nghị); admit (thừa nhận/ thú nhận); deny (phủ nhận), stop (ngừng)
Trang 5E.g: "I didn't do that", he said.
He denied doing that
* Form 3: S + V + giới từ + Ving
Các động từ thường gặp như:
Dream (dreamt I dreamed) of V-ing (mơ về việc gì / điều gì)
Insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng, cố nài, năn nỉ làm việc gì)
Look forward to V-ing (mong đợi làm việc gì)
Think (thought) of V-ing (nghĩ đến việc gì)
E.g: "I want to become a teacher", the girl said.
The girl dreamed of becoming a teacher
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.
1 "If I catch the plane I'll be home by four o'clock", she said.
_
2 "You will recover quickly if you follow the doctor's advice", my mother said.
_
3 "What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Nga?", Huyen asked.
_
4 "If I were you, I'd stop smoking", she said to her brother.
_
5 "If you heat ice, it melts" he said.
_
Bài 2: Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences.
1 "I'll send you a postcard." He told us that he us a postcard.
2 "We've bought a new car." They told me they a new car.
3 "I don't speak French." She said that she French.
4 "You failed your art exam." You said that we our art exam.
5 "I can't drive." He said drive.
6 "You look nice." He told me that I nice.
7 "We're going ice-skating." They said they ice-skating.
8 "The students aren't listening to me." The teacher said the students to her.
Bài 3: Complete the sentences using reported speech.
1 My sister said, "I won't be able to be at the next game".
My sister said that , to be at the next game
2 My grandmother said, "A long time ago there were no cell phones!"
Trang 6My grandmother said that a long time ago no cell phones.
3 Mr Smith advised me," I would not go there if I was you!
Mr Smith advised me there
4 The doctor said, "You must stay in bed until next Monday!"
The doctor ordered me until the following Monday
5 Bob wanted to know, "Will you be at the party on Saturday?"
Bob wanted to know at the party on Saturday?
6 Jerry asked me, "Did you see the car over there?"
Jerry asked me the car over there
7 The teacher said to Mary "Please stand up."
The teacher
8 Tim said, "I am going to work for a new company next month."
Tim said that he for a new company the following month
9 Jenifer wondered, "Is he a club member?"
Jenifer wondered a club member
10 Mary said, "I have just come back from Europe."
Mary said that from Europe
Bài 4: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box
1 "I’d go and see a doctor if I were you," Alex said to me.
Alex me to go and see a doctor
2 "Can you come and help me with this box?"
John me to help him with the box
3 "This is an exam Mr John!! Shut up now!!!"
The headmaster Mr John to shut up
4 "That road is very dangerous so just be very careful!"
His mother him that the road was very dangerous and to be careful
5 "Manchester United won the match last night."
The journalist that Manchester United had won the match the previous night
6 "Why don't we go and see that new film at the cinema."
Bill going to see the new film at the cinema
7 "I can come and look after the children tomorrow night."
Jane to come and look after the children the following day
8 "The lesson starts at six o'clock in the evening."
The teacher us that the lesson started at six in the evening
Bài 5: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box
Trang 7denied offered suggested congratulated encouraged
complimented admitted refused begged demanded
1 I know you can do it Take the exam again.
He him to take the exam again
2 The accident was all my fault.
She that the accident was her fault
3 That's a very elegant dress you're wearing, Susan.
He Susan on wearing such an elegant dress
4 Well done! You have got great exam results.
She him on getting great exam results
5 I want to speak to the manager! - NOW!!
He to speak to the manager at once
6 Shall we spend a quiet evening at home?
She spending a quiet evening at home
7 There is not way I am going on holiday with my mom and dad.
He to go on holiday with his mom and dad
8 Oh please! Let me go to the party, mum.
She her mum to let her go to the party
9 No, it wasn't me I didn't eat the last chocolate biscuit.
He eating the last chocolate biscuit
10 Those bags look heavy Can I give you a hand?
She to give him a hand with the bags
Bài 6: Complete the story with the correct reporting verbs from the box.
refused warned advised offered promised agreed invited
Grandma (1) Lisa to come to her cottage for lunch Lisa (2) to visit and (3) to bring a basket of fruit Grandma (4) her not to take the path through the woods because it was dangerous "And you must promise not to talk to any strangers!" said grandma
Lisa (5) not to On the way to Grandma's cottage, Lisa met a stranger and he (6) her to take the path through the woods because it was shorter Fortunately, Lisa remembered her promise to Grandma and she (7) to listen to the stranger
■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 7: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
1 I'd (A) like (B) to thank your brother (C) for (D) your help.
2 Ms Emily (A) told to Alice (B) to give (C) her (D) a hand.
Trang 83 (A) My mother advised (B) me (C) buying (D) that house.
4 Linda (A) asked Kelly (B) whether (C) did she like sports (D) or not.
5 He asked Mary (A) how many (B) people (C) there are in (D) her family.
6 (A) A tourist asked (B) how far (C) was it from Ho Chi Minh City CD) to Hanoi.
7 She (A) wanted to know (B) Tom if would (C) have time to play badminton (D) regularly.
8 The teacher asked me (A) if I (B) was listening (C) to music (D) now.
9 David (A) asked me (B) did not to (C) stay up late and advised me (D) to go to bed early.
10 He promised (A) coming (B) with her (C) as soon as he (D) was ready.
Bài 8: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1 "Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said to me.
A He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
2 "If I were you, rd marry him." she said to me.
A She said to me that if I were you, I'd marry him.
B She will marry him if she is me.
C She suggested to marry him if she were me.
D She advised me to marry him.
3 "I'm sorry for being late again." said Lisa.
A I felt sorry for Lisa's being late again.
B Lisa was sorry for my being late again.
C Lisa excused for my being late again.
D Lisa apologized for being late again.
4 "How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!" Peter said to Mary.
A Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
5 "You shouldn't have told the truth, Kelly!" said Tom.
A Tom suspected that Kelly had told the truth.
B Tom criticized Kelly for having told the truth.
C Tom accused Kelly of having told the truth.
D Tom blamed Kelly for having told the truth.
6 "Don't forget to do your homework," my mother said
A My mother ordered me to do my homework.
B My mother asked me to do my homework.
C My mother reminded me to do my homework.
D My mother simply wanted me to do my homework.
Trang 97 "If you don't pay the ransom, we'll kill your boy," the kidnappers told him.
A The kidnappers ordered to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom.
B The kidnappers pledged to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom.
C The kidnappers threatened to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom.
D The kidnappers promised to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom.
8 "I will pay back the money, Kate."said Bill.
A Bill apologised to Kate for borrowing her money.
B Bill offered to pay Kate the money back.
C Bill promised to pay back Kate's money.
D Bill suggested paying back the money to Kate.
9 The captain to his men:"Leave there immediately!"
A The captain suggested his men leave there immediately.
B The captain ordered his men to leave there immediately.
C The captain invited his men to leave there immediately.
D The captain requested his men to leave there immediately.
10 "Go on, Mary! Apply for the job", the mother said.
A The mother wanted Mary not to apply for the job.
B The mother invited Mary to apply for the job.
C The mother denied applying for the job.
D The mother encouraged Mary to apply for the job.
Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
1 Tim said "Please come to my party".
Tim invited me
2 My teacher said, "I think you should improve your pronunciation."
My teacher advised me _
3 Mrs Hoa said, "You may use the phone".
Mrs Hoa permitted me
4 The doctor said, "Take a deep breath".
The doctor told the patient
5 My husband said, "Make an appointment with the dentist".
My husband reminded me
6 "Sorry, I am late." Mary said.
Mary apologized
7 The judge said, "You must pay a fine of one hundred dollars".
The judge ordered Mr David
8 Jane said "Don't touch the hot pot".
Jane warned me not
9 Susan said "Don't buy a used car".
Susan advised me not
Trang 1010 "You can't run out of the garden" Ms Lan said to the children.
Ms Lan prevented
Bài 10: Write the sentences in reported speech, using reporting verbs in brackets.
1 I'm sorry I broke the glass", said David, (apologize)
David
2 "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?", he told me (advise)
He
3 "Shall we go for a walk?" she said, (suggest)
She
4 "1f I were rich, I would travel around the world", my father said to me (told)
My father
5 "Don't forget to phone me when you get to New York", said my mom (remind)
My mom
6 "I broke your old vase", she said in tears, (admit)
She
7 "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach, (warn)
=> The coach
8 "Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight?", he said, (invite)
He