A all the organisms and their physical and chemical environment within a specific area where energy and matter influence the distribution and abundance of organisms present B a grouping
Trang 1MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The 1987 UN Commission on Sustainability first introduced the concept of as a necessary focus for maintaining sustainability
A) human well-being B) environmental sustainability C) renewable energy
D) human population growth E) cultural services
1)
2) The current total world population has just passed
A) 9 billion B) 6 billion C) 7 billion D) 5 billion E) 8 billion
2)
3) The law of energy and mass conservation states that
A) energy cannot be destroyed but matter can be created B) energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed C) both energy and matter can be created and destroyed D) energy can be created and matter destroyed
3)
4) Which of the following is not an abiotic factor?
A) bacteria B) temperature C) carbon and nitrogen levels D) sunlight
E) rainfall
4)
5) An ecosystem is best defined as
A) all the organisms and their physical and chemical environment within a specific area where energy and matter influence the distribution and abundance of organisms present
B) a grouping of plants and animals that interacts with one another in a way that causes the grouping to die
C) a regional grouping of plants, animals, and abiotic factors D) abiotic factors affecting a grouping or plants, animals, and organisms trying to survive in a given area
E) the total population of a specific kind of plant, animal, or microbe and all members of which
do or potentially can interbreed and produce young
5)
6) Which of the following is not a principle of Ecosystem function?
A) Ecosystem change is inevitable and essential
B) Ecosystems are always open to gains and losses of matter and energy
C) Ecosystems have distinct boundaries that are influenced by the abiotic factors in the ecosystem
D) Ecosystem's processes are self-regulated by interactions among their living and nonliving components
E) Matter and energy are neither created nor destroyed
6)
Trang 27) A hypothesis can best be described as .
A) a comparison between groups with an explanation for differences B) an explanation that has been tested many times
C) a proven fact D) a proposed explanation that can be tested E) the science of asking questions and finding concrete answers
7)
8) All the organisms and their physical and chemical environment within a specific area best describe
A) biomes B) the biosphere C) populations D) ecosystems E) ecological communities
8)
9) Sustainable use of resources requires
A) an understanding of ecosystem models B) knowledge of all finite resource locations C) a thorough understanding of the scientific method D) an understanding of rate of resource renewal and ability to manage rate of use E) knowledge of all nonrenewable resources
9)
10) The ecosystem boundary of a drainage basin can be defined by
A) local legislative decisions designed to clarify jurisdiction of the ecosystem B) mountains, hills, and valleys that determine where the water flows C) the streams that flow into the basin
D) the rivers that divide the basins between counties, cities, and states E) the amount of water flowing into the basin from a mountain
10)
11) Ecosystem services are becoming degraded and are threating human well -being especially
populations
11)
12) What is one barrier that makes it difficult for scientists to forecast environmental changes?
A) the certainties of ecosystem function that humans ignore B) unpredictable behavior of ecosystems that cause unpredicted environmental changes C) the diversity of views based on cultural and religious differences
D) simplicity of ecosystems E) environmental conflict that leads to ecosystem sustainability
12)
13) At virtually any level of use, nonrenewable resources can be
A) converted to renewable ones B) converted to nonmetallic minerals C) exhausted or depleted
13)
Trang 314) In human-dominated ecosystems, which of the following features is often lacking?
A) homeostatic regulation B) an ecosystem's ability to grow sufficient food C) the presence of positive feedback systems D) drought resistant regulation
E) the presence of sufficient human infrastructure
14)
15) Sustainable companies such as DIRTT measure success by the triple bottom line, which includes
, people, and profit
A) prosperity B) popularity C) petroleum D) professionalism E) planet
15)
16) Environmental science is best described as .
A) studying the physical and chemical aspects of an environment B) focusing on renewable resource sustainability
C) studying ecosystem sustainability and destruction D) studying all aspects of an environment
E) focusing on organism relationships within an ecosystem
16)
17) Negative feedback processes tend to function within ecosystems to
A) cause ecological relationships to disintegrate B) cause ecological relationships to flourish C) cause further ecological destruction
D) stabilize the ecosystem E) reinforce harmful changes
17)
18) As human population and demands for resources have changed, our definition of sustainability
has also changed One hundred and fifty years ago, human resource use was largely determined by
A) human needs or desires B) the need for balancing multi-uses/demands for a resource C) the understanding of resource supply
D) consideration of human justice E) the necessity to avoid human conflict
18)
19) Ecosystems are connected by
A) individual species competing for space with other species in the ecosystem B) the essential flow of water through the ecosystem
C) the flow of energy and matter through the ecosystem D) the movement of pollutants between ecosystems E) energy cycling and nutrient flow
19)
Trang 420) Throughout any introductory examination of ecosystems and environmental sustainability, the
importance of human population numbers is cited Currently, the world and U.S populations are closest to
A) 7 billion; 500 million B) 3 billion; 300 million C) 7 billion; 300 million D) 7 billion; 200 million E) 9 billion; 400 million
20)
21) What ecosystem services from U.S national forests had the greatest demands placed on them
following World War II and the country's rapid population growth?
A) grazing and agriculture B) soil formation and wilderness protection C) grazing, recreation, and timber resources D) soil formation and agriculture
E) food, fiber, and plant growth
21)
22) What makes up an ecosystem?
A) living and nonliving parts and the processes that connect them B) living and nonliving parts and energy movement created by the sun C) energy and matter and the organisms competing for resources in the ecosystem D) living and nonliving parts and the processes that disconnect them
E) energy and matter and the organisms functioning apart
22)
23) Which of the following is not considered biota?
23)
24) Resources are
A) available in sufficient quantities to sustain all of our futures B) finite
C) used at a slow rate so that they will last forever D) available in ample quantities
E) infinite
24)
25) What is required to be considered sustainable use of resources?
A) understanding the rate of renewal and the ability to manage the rate of the use B) understanding that resources are finite
C) understanding that resources are infinite D) understanding the rate of exhaustion and the ability to manage the rate of the use E) understanding ecosystem function in relation to resource use
25)
26) Which of the following is not one of the 17 sustainable goals set by the United Nations
"Transforming Our World" resolution?
A) Achieve gender equality
26)
Trang 527) The United Nations unanimously adopted a resolution entitled "Transforming Our World," which set an ambitious 17 goals to attain by
27)
28) Success for sustainable development depends on progress in five areas, one of which being
A) discovering more non-renewable resources B) the scientific method
C) improving the effectiveness of offshore fishing vessels D) improved ability to monitor and forecast long-term trends E) increasing human fertility
28)
29) feedback tends to stabilize systems
A) Neutral B) Exponential C) Positive D) Logarithmic E) Negative
29)
30) A "scientific study" on the internet claims that after a single try, a researcher discovered a method
to turn lead into gold Which part of the scientific method was not completed before "publication"
on the internet?
A) Analyzing results B) Replication and Review by others C) Constructing hypothesis
D) Reporting Results E) Asking a question
30)
Trang 631) What are examples of provisioning ecosystem services?
A) aesthetic beauty and recreation B) food, water, and fiber
C) pollination and chlorophyll D) climate, water flow, and disease E) soil formation and nutrient cycles
31)
32) Regulating ecosystem services are ways that ecosystems control important conditions and/or
processes such as
A) climate, water flow, and disease B) food, water, and fiber
C) pollination and chlorophyll D) aesthetic beauty and recreation E) soil formation and nutrient cycles
32)
33) A cultural ecosystem service might be .
A) ensuring flow of traffic in and out of a city B) constructing a "green" building
C) the beauty or inspiration provided by a forest D) providing food to the malnourished
E) good health access for populations in a community
33)
Trang 734) What is the end product of the scientific method for a particular question?
A) scientific observations B) hypothesis testing C) peer review and publication D) hypothesis construction E) drawing conclusions
34)
Trang 8SHORT ANSWER Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
35) Match each term with the correct description
I Ecosystem services
II Provisioning services III Regulating services
IV Cultural services
V Supporting services
A Basic ecosystem processes that are needed to maintain other services
B The multitude of resources that ecosystems supply to humans
C Food, water, and air we breathe
D Spiritual and recreational benefits that an ecosystem provides
E Ecosystem control of climate, flows of water, and absorption of pollutants
35)
36) Match each term with the correct description
I Precision
II Bias III hypothesis
IV control group
V treatment group
A unaltered population that is used for comparison
B the possibility that estimates might be skewed in some direction
C the likelihood that measurements or estimates derived by sampling a subset of the population are representative of the actual values for the entire population
D Population where a variable is altered
E A testable explanation/alternative answer
36)
MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Read the scenario and answer the accompanying question(s).
Sustainable management requires us to examine the "big picture" of an ecosystem's context, even though we may not understand every piece and process in that ecosystem Systems thinking recognizes and addresses the essential connections between the pieces of any system to be analyzed
37) Which of the following environmental examples represents systems thinking?
A) emission control devices on California automobiles B) planting grass for cattle to feed on in desert regions C) undertaking a long-term study of Lake Michigan ecology D) examining the beetle life cycle that is posing a threat to local forests E) studying the behavior of a global invasive species
37)
Trang 938) Ecosystem services are often classified into four different categories that include provisioning
services (supplying us with food, air, and water), as well as
A) aesthetic, ecological, and regulating services B) aesthetic, cultural, and sustainable services C) aesthetic, spiritual, and recreational services
D) regulating, cultural, and supporting services E) regulating, sustainable, and homeostatic services
38)
ESSAY Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
39) Assuming that a city wishes to manage its water supply in a sustainable manner, describe/explain two specific factors that must be considered in order to accomplish this
40) In the course of one day, a human experiences several dozen ecosystem services other than the essential provisioning services supplying us with food, water, and the air we breathe Explain three additional ecosystem services that are essential to maintaining life on Earth
Trang 10Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
1) A
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) A
6) C
7) D
8) D
9) D
10) B
11) A
12) B
13) C
14) A
15) E
16) D
17) D
18) A
19) C
20) A
21) C
22) A
23) E
24) B
25) A
26) C
27) B
28) D
29) E
30) B
31) B
32) A
33) C
34) C
35) I B, II C, III E, IV A, V D
36) I C, II B, III E, IV A, V D
37) C
38) D
39) To be sustainable, actions must conform to the laws of mass and energy conservation This is, something cannot be created from nothing, and everything goes somewhere In order to manage a municipal water supply sustainably, one
must understand the rate of renewal of the water source (is the source a mountain snowfield, constantly renewed, or is
the source a more finite groundwater aquifer?) Secondly, one must have the ability and take the initiative to manage