Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, an
Trang 1ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE
( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách)
Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day.
P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day.
2/ A: They saw him in the shop.
P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )
(A : Active P : Passive)
Notes:
1 Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me
I was punished by the teacher
A: S + V + O
P: S + BE + V3ed + by O
(chia thì theo động từ của câu Active)
V1 / Vs/es
V2ed
Am/ is /are Was / were
+ V3 ed
Am/ is /are
+ Ving
Was / were
Am/ is /are
+ being
Was / were Has / have
+ V3ed
Had
Has / have
+ been
Had Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must + V1
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to
Will (would) Shall (should) Can(could) May (might)
Must + be
Be going to
Be able to Have to Ought to Used to
Trang 22 Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year
This bridge was built last year (by them)
3 Khi trong câu chủ động cĩ 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt
I was bought a new shirt by my mother
A new shirt was bought to me by my mother.
4 Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story His story isn’t believed
5.Vị trí của trạng từ.
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle
Ex: I do my homework carefully My homework is carefully done
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian cĩ thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O
Ex: I lent him money yesterday He was lent money yesterday
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop the gift was bought from that shop by Mary
MỘT SỐ DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT
1 Câu bị đơng cĩ 2 tân ngữ:
Ex: A: Lan gave Mary some books
OI OD
P: Mary was given some books by Lan.
OR: (Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)
2/ Các động từ: say, know, think, believe, report, rumor, claim, consider, prove, declare,…
Active: S + V.1 + (that) + Clause ( S.2 + V.2 + O.2) Passive: * It + (be) + V.1 (V3/V_ed) + (that) + Clause
* S.2 + (be) + V.1 (V.3/V_ed) + to infinitive/ to have + V.3/V_ed.
Ex: * They say that John is the brightest student in class
It is said that John is the brightest student in class
john is said to be the brightest student in class
A: S + V + OI + OD P: S + BE + V3ed + OD + by + O
OR:( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O)
Trang 3* They declared that Mary won the competition.
It was declared that Mary won the competition
Mary was declared to have won the competition
3/ Thể nhờ bảo: “have”, “get”
a have
Active: S + have/ has/ had + O.1 (person) + Vo + O.2 (thing) Passive: S + have/ has/ had + O.2 (thing) + V3/V_ed
Ex: I had him repair my bike yesterday I had my bike repaired yesterday
b get
Active: S + get + O.1 + to infinitive + O.2 Passive: S + get + O.2 + V3/ V_ed
Ex: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut
4/ Các động từ: see, watch, hear, smell, …….
Active: S + V + O + Vo/ V_ing Passive: S be + V3/ V_ed + to infinitive/ V_ing
Ex: * People saw him steal your car
He was seen to steal your car
* The teacher is watching them work
They are being watched working by their teacher
5/ make/ let +Vo be + made/ let + to V
Ex: Teacher makes the students do a lot of homework.
Students are made to do a lot of homework.
6/ need + to + V + Ovật S vật + need + tobe + V3/ V-ing
Ex: He needs to water the flowers
The flowers need to be watered/ watering
7/ remember/ hate/ keep…+someone +V-ing.
Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day
I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother
8/ Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh)
Ex1: Keep your hand clean
Let your hand be kept clean.
Trang 4Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her.
Let not the secret be talked to her.
PASSIVE VOICES – EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất:
1 My wedding ring ………… of yellow and white gold
2 If your brother ………., he would come
3 References ………… in the examination room
4 Mary ……… in Boston
5 My mother is going ………… this house
6.There’s somebody behind us I think we are ………
7 Have you ……… by a dog?
8.The room is being ……… at the moment
9 The road to our village ………… widened next year
10 The old lady was ………….exhausted after the long walk
11 The old man is said……….all his money to an old people’s home when he died
12 Nobody was ………… in the accident , were they?
13 Renoir’s paintings ……… masterpieces all over the world
14 He was advised………….singing lessons
15 You’d better get someone………….your living room
16 When………… ? In 1928
17 I don’t remember………… of the decision to change the company policy on vacations
18 The children ……… to the zoo
19 A new bike was bought ……… him on his birthday
20 His car needs ………
21 Her watch needs………
22 He was said………… this building
Trang 523 Ted……….by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
24 Let the children……… taken to the cinema
25 That book by a famous author
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất.
1.Somebody cleans that room everyday.
2 They cancelled all flights because of fog.
3.They are building a new highway around the city.
them
4.They have built a new hospital near the airport.
them
5 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
a You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview b You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them
6 People don’t use this road very often.
7 Somebody accused me of stealing money.
8 Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
c The computer is being used by somebody at the moment d The computer is used at the moment
9 The bill includes service.
10 They have changed the date of the meeting.
them
11 It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing.
increasing
12 He is getting them mend the windows.
13 They made her hand over her passport.
Trang 614 Don’t let the others see you.
15 They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami.
a They say many people to have been homeless after the tsunami
b They say many people to be homeless after the tsunami
c Many people are said to have been homeless after the tsunami
d Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami
16 They know that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law.
a The Prime minister is known to have been in favor of the new law
b They know the Prime Minister to be in favor of the new law
c The Prime Minister is known to be in favor of the new law
d They know the Prime Minister to have been in favor of the new law
17 They expect that the government will lose the election.
18 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.b I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded
c I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone
d Our conversation wasn’t realized to be recorded
19 They never made us do anything we didn’t want to do.
a We are never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.b We were never made to do anything we didn’t want
to do
c We have never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.d We had never made to do anything we didn’t want to do.
20 Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street.
a I was told by Brian that somebody had attacked him in the street
b I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street
c Brian told me to have been attacked in the street d Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street
Exercise 3: Chọn từ, cụm từ cần sữa
1 The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning
A B C D
2 Two people got hurt in the accident and were took to the hospital by an ambulance
A B C D
3 The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave
A B C D
4 That alloy(hợp kim) is composing by iron and tin
A B C D
5 The winner of the race hasn’t been announcing yet
A B C D
6 Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world
A B C D
7 When, where and by whom has the automobile invented?
A B C D
8 Each assembly kit is accompany by detailed instruction
A B C D
9 Arthur was giving an award by the city for all of his efforts in crime prevention
A B C D
10 It was late and I was getting very worry about my son
A B C D
Trang 711 I discovered that many strange things were happening last night.
A B C D
12 He was seen go to the beach with some other people
A B C D
13 He was believed to work for the CIA in the 1970s
A B C D
14 We are not let to cycle in the park, are we?
A B C D
15 You should get your car to service every two years
A B C D
16 Only coffee and dessert been severed at the reception yesterday
A B C D
17 When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk
A B C D
18 Because we have a writing agreement, our landlord won’t be able
A B
to raise our rent for two years
C D