CONDITIONALS WISHES

The IF Clause refers to the past third conditional and the Main Clause refers to the present or future second conditional If Brahms hadn’t broken his leg since yesterday, he would be ab

A Conditional Sentence has two parts: IF Clause and Main Clause.

Examples: If I were a bird, I would be a white pigeon

If he comes, tell him to wait for me

Had you done as I told you, I think you would’ve succeeded

A POSSIBLE CONDITION IN THE PRESENT/ FUTURE

S + V0/s/es

S + V0/s/es

If you are right, I am wrong

If you heat water, it boils

If you press the switch, the computer comes on

(Please) (Don’t) V0 If you meet Henry, please ask him why he’s absent today

If you see Cheryl, don’t tell her anything

S + will/ shall/ can/ may/ etc + V0 I may call you tonight if I have time

If you don’t apologize, I’ll never speak

to you again

B IMPOSSIBLE CONDITION IN THE PRESENT/ FUTURE

S + Ved/2

S + were

S + would/ could/ might/ etc + V0

If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower

If it weren’t raining, I might work in the garden now

Rachel wouldn’t always be late if she got up earlier

C IMPOSSIBLE CONDITION IN THE PAST

Past Perfect S + would/ could/ might/ etc +

have + V3/ed

If I had taken his advice at that time, I’d have had great success

I could’ve contacted you if I’d had my mobile yesterday

If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he wouldn’t have failed in his

examination

IG: phuc.gol

D MIXED CONDITIONALS

We use a mixed conditional to show a past

event has an effect on the present The IF

Clause refers to the past (third conditional)

and the Main Clause refers to the present

or future (second conditional)

If Brahms hadn’t broken his leg since yesterday, he would be able to play football now

I would be sitting in a comfortable office now

if I’d worked harder at school

E SOME REVALENT FORMS

UNLESS = IF…NOT Trừ phi, nếu…không I will go for a walk unless it rains =

I will go for a walk if it doesn’t rain

Warning:

We don’t use unless for impossible

conditions

PROVIDED/ PROVIDING

(THAT)

Chiefly used with permission (miễn là)

You can camp here provided you leave no mess

AS LONG AS Chỉ cần, với điều kiện,

chừng nào mà, miễn là I’ll lend you my car as long as you bring it back tonight

ON CONDITION THAT Với điều kiện là You will be paid tomorrow on

condition that the work is finished

IN CASE

We use in case when

we are thinking about something might happen (phòng khi)

An in case clause is

normally placed after the main clause

I’m going to buy a sandwich in case

I get hungry later

I always slept on the phone in case

he rang during the night

IN CASE OF + N

= IF THERE IS A/ AN + N In case of accident, phone 999 = If there is an accident, phone 999

SUPPOSE/ SUPPOSING

(THAT) = WHAT IF

Suppose the plane is late? = What (will happen) if the plane is late?

“What if, what if we start to drive? What if, what if we close our eyes? What if we’re speeding through red lights into paradise?” (Youth - Troy Sivan)

Warning:

* Suppose is also used to give

suggestion: Suppose you ask him = Why don’t you ask him?

* Proverb: What if I am? Tao thế thì

đã sao nào? (mang tính thách thức)

Forms Meaning Examples

IF ≠ WHEN

WHEN is used when the speaker knows

something for sure

When Robert’s parents come home, they will take him out for a meal

IF is used when the

speaker is not sure

about something

If Robert’s parents are at home, there won’t be a party

BUT FOR + N

Nếu không có

If you hadn’t helped us, we would have been in trouble = But for your help, we would have been in trouble

IF IT WERE NOT FOR + N

But for the difficult view, that would

be a lovely room = If it weren’t for the difficult view, that would be a lovely room

IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR

+ N

But for the rain, they would have had a good picnic = If it hadn’t rained, they would have had a good picnic

EVEN IF Cho dù I still may not forgive you even if you apologize,

Even if you take a taxi, you’ll still miss your train

NOTES

When IF Clause comes at the beginning

of the sentence, we put a comma after it If Andrew had worked harder, he would’ve passed your final exam

Inversion is used in conditional sentences

where if is replaced by had, were and

should.

Should he remember his own name, we’ll be able

to help him = If he remembers his own name, … Should you not wish to join them, you must let them know before 4 o’clock = If you don’t wish

to join them, … Were we to have kids, we would need a bigger house = If we had kids, …

Were there not the COVID-19 outbreak, they could have gone to Wuhan for their holiday = If there weren’t the COVID-19 outbreak, …

Were it not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile = If it weren’t for the money, … Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in (If I had known you were waiting outside, …)

Had it not rained yesterday, we would have finished painting the walls = If it hadn’t rained yesterday, …

Present Tense is used in IF Clause instead

of will, shall to refer to Future.

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go on a trip

But: Will can be used in IF Clause with

the meaning of willingness, insistence & a

result of the action of the Main Clause.

If you will sell your car, I’ll buy it (willingness)

= If you are willing to sell your car, …

If you will get drunk every night, you’ll come down with headache (Insistence)

If it will make you happier, I’ll give up smoking (the result of the action)

Present Subjunctive is used in IF Clause

to emphasize an uncertainty

If anyone should call, please let me know

If the news be true, we may get much trouble

WISHES

Wish + to-infinitive

When we use wish followed by a verb in

the to-infinitive form, wish means the same

as want, but it is more formal We do not

normally use wish in the continuous form

when we use it with a to-infinitive:

I wish to speak to Mr Hennessy, please

Not: I’m wishing to speak to …

We don’t use a that-clause after wish when

it is a more formal version of want: I wish to visit you in the summer, if possible.Not: I wish (that) I visit you in the summer …

We can use an object (underlined), before

the to-infinitive: I did not wish my family to know about Sara, soI told them nothing When we use an object after wish, we must

also use a verb in the to-infinitive form

Alternatively, we can say want or (more

politely) would like:

We wish to have a table near the window, please (or We would like a table near the window, please.)

Not: We wish a table near the window …

Wish + Indirect Object + Direct Object

We use wish with two objects, an indirect

object + a direct object, for expressions of

good wishes and hopes that good things will

happen to people:

I wish [IO] you [DO] success in your new job.

I’ve got my driving test tomorrow Wish

[IO] me [DO] luck!

We wish [IO] you [DO] a long and happy

life together.

We wish [IO] you [DO] A Merry Christmas.

IG: phuc.gol References:

- BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 (CTU)

- CAMBRIDGE DTICTIONARY

Wish + that-clause

- We use wish with a that-clause when we regret or are sorry that things are not different We imagine a different past, present or future

S + wish + S (that) = Only if

FUTURE S + would/ could/ might/ etc + V0 I just wish that everything could

be as it used to be

If only I would take the trip with you next week

PRESENT S + Ved/2

S + were

Only if we didn’t have to go to class today

He wishes that he were in Dalat at present

PAST Past Perfect I wish that she had not failed in

the exam

If only I had met her yesterday

- In informal situations, we usually omit that.

I wish I had his mobile phone number; we could tell him the good news (I don’t have his mobile phone number; it would be good if I had it.)

I wish you hadn’t told me how the film ends You’ve spoilt it for me (You told me how the film ends; it would have been better if you had not told me.)

Wish + verb forms in the that-clause

- The verb forms we use in that-clauses after wish are similar to the verb forms in conditional clauses after if We use a past verb form for past, present and future meanings

It would be better if you weren’t making a noise I wish you’d stop making so much noise

It would be good if I knew how to use this DVD

player

I wish I knew how to use this DVD player

It would have been better if I had not said it I wish I hadn’t said that I can see I’ve upset you Sorry

- In informal situations, we can use wish in the continuous form like this

He’s embarrassing everyone I’m just wishing he would go away!

Warning:

- We use hope, not wish, when we want something to happen in the future or when we want

something to have happened in the past

I hope the weather’s fine tomorrow

Not: I wish the weather’s fine tomorrow

I hope they didn’t miss their flight

Not: I wish they didn’t miss their flight