ÔN tập các tác PHẨM văn học ANH

FRANKENSTEIN • The first science fiction: It narrates the deadful consequences that arise after a scientist artificially create a “human” being • Structure of novel: Epistolary (dựa trên hình thức viết thư) • Prometheus: Just as Prometheus sculpted human out of clay, Victor sculpts what he hopes will be the first member of his superior race out of dead tissue. Yet, while Prometheus loved and nurtured his creations, going to so far as to steal fire from Greek Gods for them, Victor is disgusted by his creation, fleeing (chạy trốn) from the creature’s hideous countenance (diện mạo gớm ghiếc).

ÔN TẬP CÁC TÁC PHẨM VĂN HỌC ANH

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

 Pastoral Poem/ Lyric

 Promotes the characteristics of the countryside over those of the town or city, presenting an idealized image of country life that may have been quite at odds with the reality of a hard life in harsh conditions Shepherds are presented as living an idyllic and innocent life in a delightful environment In fact, imminent starvation during harsh winter conditions or when the harvest had failed was a reality of everyday life in past centuries

 Form

 Six four-line stanzas

 Iambic tetrameter rhythm

 Devices

 Imagery

 Alliteration

 Rhythm → Create poem like lyric

 Analysis

 Shepherd’s promises:

 “beds of roses”; “fragrant posies”; “a kirtle embroidered all with leaves of myrtle”; “gown made of finest wool”;

 Repeat “come live with me and be my love” → Powerful desier

 Idealize nature and love

The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd

 Overview

A young female nymph, responds to the shepherd’s vision of their

"happily-ever-after." The nymph, having superior rationality, coolly objects the shepherd’s offerings and explains to him that all

he proposes is of the limited timeframe of a mortal being; his offerings will not last

 Analysis

 Time is the “key” of the Nymph’s answer

 Nymph don’t point out the bad things but she says that all good things will be decayed

 Realism: All things will never be able to escape the ravages of time

 Longevity value of two poem

Sonnet 18

(Iambic pentameter/ Rhyme: abab- cdcd- efef- gg)

 Quatrains 1

 “Summer day” Ngày đẹp nhất trong năm của nước Anh

This image of the perfect English summer's day is then surpassed

as the second line reveals that the lover is more lovely and more temperate

 “Summer’s lease”: Time is too short → the beauty will fade away

 Quatrains 2

 “eye of heaven shine” METONYMY (Sun) → too hot

 “gold complexion” PERSONIFICATION → the sun is hid either clouds or the set of it (sunset)

→ The beauty of everything will fade due to nature’s changing course by chance

 Quatrains 3

 the beauty of his beloved shall not fade he owns nor shall death be able to brag him

 METAPHOR (thy eternal summer → your eternal beauty) ; (Death brag thou wanderest in his shade → Die)

Subject Matter

Idealism (wish) ideal life that people look

forward

Realism (know) All will be decayed

→ Summer sometimes may go extreme and fleeting, his lover is not like that, still lovely and temperate

 Rhymed couplet

 Poet sent his beloved’s beauty and youth into the poem If this poem is eternal with time, the beauty and youth of the poet’s belove is enternal too

 Guarantee the lover remain young, the written word becoming breath, vital energy, ensuring life continues

Sonnet 29

 Quatrains 1 (Depression/ Hopeless/ Isolation)

 Having misfortunes, be looked down by others → cry in self-pity alone

 Pray but no one hears prayers, feel sorry for myself

 Quatrains 2 (Depression/ Hopeless/ Isolation)

 Wishing he were more like someone with more hope, handsome or popular

 Wanting one person’s talent, another’s opportunity

 Things that usually make him happy only make him more upset

 Quatrains 3 (Elation)

 YET → The shift in the mood of the poet

 Think on thee → change state

 SIMILE “like to the lack at break of day arising”

 “Sullen earth” >< “Heaven gate”

(Sadness, hopelessness><Happiness, Hopeness)

 Rhymed couplet (Elation)

 No material wealth could bring him such hope and joy like his beloved does

Sonnet 43 How do i love thee?

 Iambic Pentameter/ Italian Sonnet

 Anaphora “I love thee”

 Analysis

How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.

 Ask the question at the beginning of sonnet

I love thee to the depth and breadth and height

My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.

 “depth”/”breadth”/”height” PHYSICAL SPACE METAPHOR

 “Being” : existence; “ideal Grace” : uncondional love of God for human being

 Her love is as deep, wide and high as her soul can reach

 “out of sight” : her soul can even reach “places” beyond physical sight

I love thee to the level of everyday's Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.

I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;

I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.

 “everyday most quiet need” : daily need → she’s ready to be his wife who prepares meals for him or washes his clothes “by sun and candle-light” METAPHOR “day and night”

 “Right”: Righteousness, justice → Man do good things by nature; our good wills to do right thing // “Freely” : willing → Her love is prompted by the conscience

 “Praise”: Compliments → “Purely’: genuinely, like the action of humble human unwilling to accept praise

I love thee with the passion put to use

In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.

 “old griefs”: incidents, sorrows or bitterness in the past → the intensity

of her love is like that she used to put into her pains

 “childhood’s faith” : a child believes in one thing or person with her fullest and purest faith

I love thee with a love I seemed to lose With my lost saints,—I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life!—and, if God choose,

I shall but love thee better after death.

 Her love is worldly, she doesn’t idealize her love

 She is going to love her beloved even more intensely “after death”

→ Her love is eternal and what she feels is love, nothing more and nothing less

MACBETH

 Act 1, scene 1

Thunder and lightning crash above a Scottish moor (mỏ neo) Three haggard (hốc hác) old women, the witches, appear out of the storm In eerie (kì lạ), chanting tones, they make plans to meet again upon the heath (bãi đất hoang), after the battle, to confront (đối đầu) Macbeth As quickly as they arrive, they disappear

 Act 5, scene 1

At the Scottish royal home of Dunsinane, a gentlewoman has summoned (triệu tập) a doctor to observe (quan sát) Lady Macbeth's sleepwalking (cơn mộng du) The doctor reports that

he has watched her for two nights now and has yet to see anything strange The gentlewoman describes how she has seen Lady Macbeth rise, dress, leave her room, write something on a piece of paper, read it, seal it (đóng dấu), and return to bed—all without waking up The gentlewoman dares not repeat what Lady Macbeth says while thus sleepwalking The two are interrupted by a sleepwalking Lady Macbeth, who enters carrying a candle The gentlewoman reports that Lady Macbeth asks to have a light by her all night The doctor and the gentlewoman watch as Lady Macbeth rubs her hands (xoa tay)

as if washing them and says " Yet here's a spot Out, damned spot; out I say” As she continues to "wash" her hands, her words betray (phản bội) her guilt (tội lỗi) to the two onlookers Lady Macbeth seems to be reliving (đang sống lại) the events on the night of Duncan’s death She cannot get the stain (vết bẩn) or smell of blood off her hand: "What, will these hands never be clean All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand" (37-43) As the sleepwalking Lady Macbeth imagines she hears knocking at the gate and returns to her chamber (buồng), the doctor concludes that Lady Macbeth needs a priest's help (sự giúp đỡ của một linh mục) and not a physician's (bác sĩ) He takes his leave, asserting (khẳng định) that he and the gentlewoman had better not reveal (tiết lộ) what they have seen

or heard

 Remorse: “what’s done cannot be undone”

FRANKENSTEIN

 The first science fiction: It narrates the deadful consequences that arise after a scientist artificially create a “human” being

 Structure of novel: Epistolary (dựa trên hình thức viết thư)

 Prometheus: Just as Prometheus sculpted human out of clay, Victor sculpts what he hopes will be the first member of his superior race out

of dead tissue Yet, while Prometheus loved and nurtured his creations, going to so far as to steal fire from Greek Gods for them, Victor is disgusted by his creation, fleeing (chạy trốn) from the creature’s hideous countenance (diện mạo gớm ghiếc)

 Victor Frankenstein: By rejecting the creature, Victor fails as a creator Victor inadvertently condemns (vô tình kết án) his creature to a life of suffering and loneliness As the creature exacts his revenge (trả thù), Victor is punished (bị trừng phạt) for his transgressions (sự vi phạm) against the nature order and against his hapless (bất hạnh) creation By a twist of fate, Victor’s endeavor (nỗ lực) to reanimate (tái sinh) dead tissues is successful, but his rejection of the creature results

in misery instead of glory (vinh quang) By the end of novel, Victor is miserable and isolated Though finally able to admit his own folly 9sự điên rồ) in attempting to defy nature and overcome death, he remains unwilling to acknowledge his role in the creature’s descent into evil Victor never reconciles (hòa giải) with the creature, nor does he express remorse for abandoing his creation He dies unable to acknowledge the humanity of his creation nor the monstrousness (sự

vô nhân đạo) within his own nature

 His selfishness, irresponsibility and rejection of his creation lead to the deaths of his family and friends.

 Vitor represents the tendency of science to divorce itself from ethics (vô đạo đức)

 He is the real monster.

 Creature: One of the central questions regarding the creature is whether he is an evil and unnatural villain destined (được định sẵn) to perpetuate (duy trì) destruction, an innocent victim of Victor’s experimentation and subsequent neglect (bị bỏ rơi sau đó), or a complex blend of both

 From Victor’s perspective, the creature is a remorseless villiain (kẻ xấu không thể chối cãi) who is out to commit

endless crime against humanity. However, despite his capacity for violence (khả năng bạo lực), the creature proves capable of deep, insightful thought and shows genuine remorse (sự hối hận thật sự) for his action Seen of terms of these qualities, the creature is more akin to abandoned child than a heartless villain.

A Red, Red Rose

 4 Four- lines stanzas // Most longer one are Iambic tetrameter and the shorter ones are Iambic trimeter

 Stanza 1

 SIMILE: My Luve → Rose//Melody (Time-bound)

 Stanza 2

So fair art thou, my bonnie lass,

So deep in luve am I;

 The beloved is so beautiful that the poet love her deeply

And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a’ the seas gang dry.

 HYPERBOLE → to prove that his love is beyond the measure

 Stanza 3

Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi’ the sun;

 HYPERBOLE

I will love thee still, my dear, While the sands o’ life shall run.

 “sands o’ life” METAPHOR hourglass → refers to time

 Time keeps flying ever- lastingly and so does his love

 Stanza 4

 Vast Distance

 “Fare thee weel” → a farewell, a goobye

 Poet has to say goodbye to his beloved due to some reasons

 However

And I will come again, my luve, Though it were ten thousand mile.