Chapter 2 - Optimal decisions using marginal analysis. This chapter introduces the analysis of managerial decision making that will occupy us for the remainder of the book. The chapter is devoted to two man topics. The first is a simple economic model of the private, profit-maximizing firm.
Trang 1Managerial Economics, 8e William F. Samuelson Stephen G. Marks ●
Chapter two
Optimal Decisions Using Marginal Analysis
Trang 2Government and business leaders
should pursue the path to new
programs and policies the way a
climber ascends a formidable
mountain or the way a soldier makes his way through a mine field: with
very small and very careful steps.
~Anonymous
Trang 3For Discussion
Conflict in FastFood Franchising
The rapid growth in franchising during the last three decades can be explained in large part by the mutual benefits the franchising partners receive.
Trang 41.3
A Simple model of the firm
A Microchip Manufacturer
Revenue
Cost
Profit
Trang 5Figure 2.1
The demand curve for microchips
Trang 6Figure 2.2
revenue from microchips
Trang 7Figure 2.3
The cost of microchips
Trang 8Figure 2.4
Profit from microchips
Trang 9Figure 2.5
A closeup view of profit
Trang 10Figure 2.6
Total profit
and
marginal profit
Trang 11Marginal revenue and marginal cost
Marginal Revenue
A Simplifying Fact: Given P = a – bQ,
Then MR = a – 2bQ.
Marginal Cost
Profit Maximization Revisited
Trang 12Figure 2.7
Marginal revenue and marginal cost
Trang 13Sensitivity analysis
Asking What If
Increased Overhead
Increased Material Costs
Increased Demand
Responding to Exchange Rate Changes
Trang 14Figure 2.8
Shifts in mr & Mc
Trang 15Appendix to Chapter 2
Calculus and Optimization Techniques
Maximizing Profit
Marginal Analysis
Differential Calculus
The Second Derivative
MR and MC
Trang 16Figure 2A.1
The Firm’s Profit Function
Trang 17Figure 2A.2
A Second Profit Function
Trang 18Calculus and optimization techniques
Maximizing Multivariable Functions
Price and Advertising
Constrained Optimization
A Supply Commitment
Profits from Multiple Markets
The Method of Lagrange Multipliers
Trang 19Special Appendix to Chapter 2
Table 2A.1
Optimizing a Spreadsheet
Trang 20Table 2A.2
Optimizing a spreadsheet